7RD-fi42 646 A PHOTOVOLTRIC POWER SYSTEM FOR THE HOLMAN GUEST HOUSE i/iFORT HURCHUCR RRIZ..(U) CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERINGRESERRCH LRB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL D M JONCICH MAY 84

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US Army Corpsof Engineers 'II*XIINICAI. RtEPORT F-I95Construction Engineering May 198.

I Research Laboratory

I A PHOTO VOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM FORTHE HOLMAN GUEST HOUSE, FORT HUACHUCA, AZ

byD. NM. Joncich

C-4

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I~i't.. Appi :dfor pubhlic release; distrihution unlimited. L

UN' L(1A;SS I i ILEOSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 'When Dlata Fited)

REPOT PAE IREAD rNSTRU( r1m)SREOTDOCUMENTATION PAGEIAI(;ItR

1 . REPORT NUMBER 12. GOVT ACCESSION NO.1 I ,i AI~.~' A. . NIMHf ;l

* ~~CERI.-TR-E-195 /. -

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) FPF'E %ft~ PF tr, 7 . EREC'

A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER S' S I EMIFOR 'Fill" IIOIAN in

GUEST HOL:SE, FORT HL'ACIII.CA, AZ I6 PERFORMING ORG REPOPT N,,MBFF4

7. AUTHOR(a) 8 CONTRACT OR GRANT N.NIREQ-.

D. M. Joncich Il'-.l

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROEL7 A,Te .. ~,x'AREA & WORK UNI' NUMBERS

CONSTRUCT ION ENG INEER ING RESELARCH LABORATORYP.O. BOX 4005, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE

May 198413. NUMBER OF PAGES

1514. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(lf different from, Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

UNCLASSIFIED

1s. DECLASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULE

* 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, If different from Report)

C- IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Copies are available from the National Technical Information Service

Springfield, VA 22161

P . 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reveree, side if necessary and identify by block number)

Ft. Huachuca, AZPhotovoltaic power systems

[20. AwsrR ACT (Cointue am reverse sfb If neo"awv and Identify by block number)

This report documents the specification, design. installation, and acceptance of;- 5-kilowatt-peak, grid -connected, photovol taic power system for tile H olman (;uest IOUise

at Fort Iluachuca, AZ. This svstem,. designed and installed at a cost of S I 12,000. Ifuinded by the Department of Energy's Federal Photovoltaic I t iliizaIion Program.

The s\,stell operates ill parallel w ith thle local Wtilily grid withot battery, sloae

The phoctovoltaic I PV) array, consisting ot- 196 root-mloOtnd punels. generates dii cc

(coot d)

D JAN7 73 3 owowo1 O65IOBLEEUNCLASSIFIED)

SECURITY CLAS~fFICATtotq OF THIS PAGE (When Dlate Enrrrpd)

UNCLASSIFIED- SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Whan Data Entoed)

*current at about 210 V. 11wc aiiai 0utput iS cou10''Cd to aliltinatiite curiret hi, a thiec-*Sphase. lineC-commnutated ivic'lC de~e10oped 'tItI)CIII 1 til fit appll'ii lifhe tIter ic

output, estimated at about 1.000 k%%hI pe! \,'A1. lruccr A p11ff (o t Il G uest I lirjes '

electrical demands,.-

Tests performed at the imc tit the .%stem'ts acceptance ltalte delitistr.l!L'd i!1 allii\to deliver the rated pote i output. he L S . A r m C nstructio n Itrin-nee iire Re' c lu Ii

Laborator\ is floWk:I ltl till'- ai I.>ereattott deteritite llie t w-cpert Iormnance and to learn ime aotthe teasihilit\ tit appkiep cI Ii '!ctlj PVsystems to fixed ilitary facilities.

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FOREWORD

This work was performed with funds provie wtm .Dprteto nrvTireport was prepared by the Energy Systems Division [ES) of the U. S. Arm%, Construction

P, Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL). Mr. S. (erami. Mobilitv EquipetRsrc% and Development Command, DRDME-EAC, was the project Technical Monitor: the work

was coordinated with the Office of the Chief of* Engineers (OCIL j through Mr. F.Zulkotske, DAEN-ECE-E.

Appreciation is expressed to Messrs. A. Lawson. E. SeqUcira. and C. Savage ot the JetPropulsion Laboratory: Mr. K. Van Karsen, Fort Hiuachiuca: Dr. P. Russell of ArizonaState University and Drs. A. Averbuch and D. Johnson, CERL. for the support theyprovided to this project. Mr. R. G. Donaghy is Chief of CERL-ES.

COL Paul J. Theuer is Commander and Director of CERL. and Dr. L. R. Shaffer isTechnical Director.

Aece-.sion For

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COPYISPIECTE

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r PqCONTENTS

Page

DD FORM 1473 1

FOREWORD 3

1 INTRO DUCTIO N .......................................... 5

BackgroundPurpose

ApproachScope

2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT .................................... 5

Site SelectionSpecifications

Design and Installation

3 TEST AND EVALUATION ........................................ 8Acceptance Testing

MonitoringAnalysis

4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................... 11

APPENDIX: PV System Statement of Work 12

DISTRIBUTION

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A PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM Approach

FOR THE HOLMAN GUEST HOUSE, An installation and a buildilt NeC A selected ti the

FORT HUACHUCA, AZ demonstratin IN s stein. Specifictiols ot ilie

svstem design and installation %eie developed, and tlesystem was procured.I. 1

-. INTRODUCTION Acceptance testing of the installed s stein %as per-formed and tasks for determiniig the s\ stei's long-term performance and reliabilit, were defined.

BackgroundThe Department of Energy Act of 1978 mandated Scope

that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) work This report discusses only the design adl installationcooperatively with other Federal agencies to imtple- of the PV system and the tasks necessar\ to establishment a program to accelerate the procurement and its long-term performance and reliability. A separate

. installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems at Federal report will summarize syst em performance and analyzefaciities. Publi, Law 95-619 authorized the Federal the economic feasibility of using PV ol military fixedPhotovoltaic Utilization Program (FPUP) to provide facilities.for the acquisition of PV solar electric systems at anannual level great enough to encourage developmentof low-cost production techniques. Other objectivesof this program were to: 2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

1. Accelerate the growth of a commercially viable' and competitive industry which would make PV Site Selection

systems available to the general public. Obtaining the greatest PV system output required ademonstration site in a sunny climate. Therefore.

2. Reduce fossil fuel consumption and costs for the Army installations in the Southwest United States wereFedeTal government, surveyed, and Fort ltuachuca, AZ, was chosen as an

ideal candidate location. Personnel at the installation3. Stimulate the general use, within the Federal were contacted and agreed to assist with the project.

government, of methods for minimizing PV systemlife-cycle costs. At Fort Huachuca, the inventory of buildings was

surveyed, and criteria were developed for identifying4. Develop performance data on PV technology. which facility would ultimately house the system.

These criteria included requirements that the projectTo achieve these objectives, FPUP supported PV be located in a well-lit, high-visibility area on a building

applications with significant market potential in the of proper orientation with a reasonably flat roof. Theprivate sector, in foreign countries, and within Federal Holman Guest Iouse was subsequently selected as theorganizations. FPUP was implemented in four funding system location. The Guest House is a one-story,cycles, and included demonstrations ranging from motel-like structure having a nominal roof area of

- small, remote systems to larger grid-connected ones. 12,000 sq ft available for mounting th. PV array. The" The project described in this report was funded as part roof contains a ridge which runs east-west along its

" of Cycle Ill. It provided the Army, through the Mobili- long dimension: the pitch along the other axis is 112 in.* ty Equipment Research and Development Command, per foot. The building is serviced by 100-amp 120 208

its first opportunity to apply a photovoltaic power three-phase electrical mains, and is separately metered.system to a permanent facility. Recording ammeter readings taken on-site indicated

that the baseline electrical consumption of the facility• % Purpose at that time was about 9 kW

The purpose of this report is to document thedesign, installation, and acceptance testing of a grid- Specificationsconnected photovoltaic power system on the IHolman Design and installation specifications were preparedGuest House at Fort Huachuca, AZ. after evaluating bid packages from several other military

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photo~oltaic projects. Te project agieelnell wit h of the installajed \steni. The IPV ppwt. "

DOE required thait te s\s eH use tlat-plate, iol- structuret air i PC equipmtent ir al Hie, , tedconcentrating, silicon PV panels, and that it be grid- from lightniug dama.connected without hattery storace. Prelininarv costanal. sis indicated that. itlh the 'tit:ds a%,iilable to the Jinal accept ac. xill H, I ,s,, ,: ,1i',it',i hproject, system output would be about 5 kilowatis- the installed s\ icli ti iII p t,,Lii: ., il',ii] t-"U

peak (kWp). compliance with all 111 lt attnIit 2li i ,, i C l i !-

tractor is resp n ibl tle I cill. iiti l il 01,1i ', i',Ic.llTwo major procurement methods were available: Output, attel corecti.Ir1 [1, s tai d ptte .,.

I ) formal advertisement via all Invitation for Bid ditions. is 5 k\p. hi adliti'i. (j , citinuu'ii(IFB). or (2) negotiation via a Request for Proposal illeaSUeineits ate ieiimed to -uibtaillliatc lhat lihe(RFP). An IFB was chosen because it was the most altomalic startup and ,hllld i\ll ,l:itLIt\ withi thedirect procurement method and because it would be PC eqlipmtent is operato llal. Once acceptcd h\ thepreferable to an RFP if a significant number of PV govermntent., the s\stenl is t, lie under all ant l t.systems were to be installed on military facilities in 2 years. a,

the future. A draft IFB was produced which describedthe functional requirements for a 5-kWp. grid-connected Tile final section of the specification deals \ithsystem at tile Guest House. However, the contractor O&M dIcumentation. N,1tile the contractor is iiowas made responsible for supplying all parts and labor required to maintain the systen after it has beenfor the detailed system design. procurement. instal- installed, lie she is responsible fol taitlitlit oil-sitelation, and verification of proper operation. personnel and for providing a sy stem operating iManual.

This document is to contain schematics, a parts list.4 The draft IFB was sent to the Solar Energy and a description of operating procedures, and a suggested

Semiconductor Materials Section of tie FPUP working systemi maintenance schedule. The contractor liiSl-, group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for also post framed instructions. including schematics. 1!1

review. Their comments were incorporated into tile the mechanical room of the Guest House.final version of the system solicitation notice, thetechnical portion of which is provided in the appendix. The fFB was fortiallv advertised it) tile V,c

Business Daily in August 1981 . Seven fitIns r esponded.The specification is divided into five major sections: with bids ranging from S 112,317 it S224.1 3'. The

project description, system design. system installation, contract was awarded in September 1981 to the lo,.system acceptance, and system operation and mainten- bidder \lonegon, Ltd.. of Gaithersburg. MD.ance (O&M) documentation. The contractor is pro-vided with site-specific information to assist in tile bid Design and Installationpreparation, including a description of the Guest Design of the PV system was completed in earl\House, a summary of local climate conditions, and 1982, and installation was essentially completed ill

several references to applicable documents. October 1982. The system contains a ploittovillaicarray mounted on the roof in an aluminum framework

The system's major components are the photo- secured at a fixed tilt of 30 degrees from the horizontalvoltaic array, the array support structure, and tile (see Figure 1). The array DC output (about 210 V) ispower conditioning (PC) equipment. The array is to converted to alternating current by an inveitei locatedconsist of flat-plate, silicon-based PV panels, and is to in a protected area next to the building. Tile inverterhe mounted on the roof of the Guest House in a frame output powers a portion of the house's electrical loads.designed for a 20-year life. The PC system must besized to match tile capacity of the array. and is to be The PV sNstem feeds power into the utility grid ifcapable of converting the array DC( output to 60 iz, PV electricity production exceeds the demand. Similar-120/208 three-phase AC in phase with the existing ly. the grid provides the power during periods of excessutility grid. The system is further specified as being a detnand and at night. System operation is totallyfixed-voltage system (not a maximum power tracker), automatic.and its operation is to be totally automatic.

The array consists of 19o Solarex CorporationThe requirement for on-site instrumentation has Mo'del 5300 EG panel. t rder full sunlight. each panel

been minimized to hold down costs. Provisions are made produces about 31.5 W at 15 V DC. The array is wiredonly to facilitate the servicing and overall monitoring so that there are 14 parallel stitgs of 14 panels

connected in series. Each string is provided with a pulse output at all efficienCx Of btout 94 per ciii. Itblocking diode to minimize the degradation of the autoniaticall, disconnects arid siuts dtw%% h.enee'"array performance in case one of the strings fails. Each the grid power is interrupted.panel also has a bypass diode, which allows a singlestring to operate, even if a panel in that string fails. The site instrruentation consists of three otiali/img

A( kWh meters. The first records the total PV systenl

The panels are constructed from a sheet of temper- Power output. The second measures the total powered glass to which the solar cells are bonded. The cells provided by the utility grid to the Guest House; it hasare wafers cut from 4-in.-diameter single crystals of been detinted so that it will not decrement when

silicon. There are 38 cells per panel, connected in energy from the PV system is fed back into the grid.

series. The base material is p-type, boron-doped silicon. The third neter records the Guest Iouse's total powerThe cells have electrical contacts silk-screened on the consumption. A terminal strip has also been installed

front, and are encapsulated in ultraviolet-stabilized at ground level to facilitate teasurements of the PVsilicon rubber. The glass-cell assembly is enclosed in an systemns DC and AC voltages and currents.extruded aluminum frame.

A surge arrestor protects the electronic circuitryfrom lightning. This device employs a silicon oxide

The system inverter converts the power produced junction which is normally insulating, but whichby the PV array into 208-V, three-phase AC. The ionizes in the presence of a high voltage. When ionized,inverter is a solid-state, line-commutated device de- this junction protects the components downstream.signed specifically for this application. Using the AC Lightning rods were not considered necessary, becauseutility lines to determine the voltage waveform and nearby buildings and lamp posts are higher than the

" frequency. the inverter produces a high-quality, 12- Guest House.

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3 TEST AND EVALUATION manual included the items described in the Spuciji-

cations section.

Acceptance Testing During the second phase of sxstem acceptIance.Acceptance of the photovoltaic system at Fort DEll personnel developed a list of construction defi-

Huachuca was performed in two phases. In tile first ciencies which the. recommended he corrected beforephase, the contractor submitted all relevant project the system was accepted. Most of these items weredocumentation: in the second phase, Fort IHuachuca minor and were addressed by tile contractor in Dec-

Directorate of Engineering and Housing (DEH) staff ember 1982. The PV system at the Guest Ilouse wasinspected the site to substantiate that the system, as formally accepted by the government in Februaryinstalled. met the project specifications. System 1983. However, tile system had been functionallyoperators were also trained at this time. operational since October 1982.

The project documentation included the following: MonitoringFollowing system acceptance, data were needed

I. System as-built drawings. This packet consisted to document the system's first-year performance andof 19 sheets describing the system's electrical, mechani- reliability and to provide assistance to DEll staffcal, and structural details. Figure 2 shows an electrical responsible for system operation and maintenance.single-line drawing. To obtain these data, a contract to perform the

following tasks was awarded to Arizona State Univer-

2. Laboratory test results for the system inverter. sity in January 1983:These data were used primarily to verify that the in-verter had met the efficiency, power factor, and 1. Monitoring of system perfornance and reliability:harmonic distortion specifications. The unit was foundto be acceptable in all these areas. a. Tabulation of monthly values for solar energy

available to PV array.3. On-site measurements. Before acceptance testing

was begun, the contractor had taken continuous b. Monthly loggings of the electrical energy deliver-measurements of the system's AC and DC voltages ed to the Guest House by the PV system and by theand currents and of the solar radiation incident on the utility grid.PV array. These data were submitted to demonstratethat the installed system was delivering its rated power c. Estimation of the system downtime, includingoutput and that the automatic startup and shutdown the frequency and duration of utility grid outagescircuitry was operational. during the data collection period.

Calculations based on these data indicated that after d. A record of the PV system operation and mainte-corrections to standard conditions, the PV system out- nance requirements in terms of time and dollars spentput was 5.2 kW. This value exceeded the 5.0 kW called for repair.for by the system specifications.

e. Determination of the PV system's averageFigure 3 gives an overview of system operations monthly and yearly efficiency.

during "typical" sunny conditions, as provided by datataken on a clear day. The solar radiation peaked f. Calculation of the system's monthly and yearly

around noon at a value between 950 and 1000 W/m2 . capacity factor.Because the area of the array is about 100 m 2 , thiscorresponds to a solar input to the system on the order g. Tabulation of the monthly and yearly dollarof 100 kW. The system AC output tracked the solar savings corresponding to the energy the system delivers

input, producing a maximum power of about 5 kW at to the Guest House.noon. The overall system efficiency is therefore rough-ly 5 percent. 2. Assistance with system operation and maintenance:

4. System O&M documentation. An O&M manual a. Development of a system logsheet to assist DEllfor the .3ystem was submitted. The contents of tile personnel in collecting the required data.

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Photovoltaic System Performancej

DATE SEPT 15, 1982

110 TOTAL INCIDENTSOLAR RADIATION

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60.

50 a.40

301

20. SYSTEM10 AC OUTPUT

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Figure 3. PV system "sunny day" performance.

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b. Recommendations regarding type and frequency Huachuca has been working reliably so far, and onl-of routine system maintenance several occasions it has provided electrical power in

.0.0

excess of demand.c. Advisory services to DEl- staff in diagnosingsystem malfunctions. As part of the acceptance testing documentation,

the contractor supplied a theoretical analysis of systemd. Development of troubleshooting procedures for output throughout the year. These estimates (Table I)the use of DEH staff in diagnosing system malfunct ions. include monthly values for the site isolation, the

average daily electrical energy supplied by thle system,%e. Recommendations regarding the number of PV and monthly totals for the electrical energy delivered.system spare parts required. Table I shows that over I year, thle system can deliver

an estimated 11,000 kWh of electricity either to thef. Summary of any recurring problems in system house or to the utility grid.* operation and maintenance.

A complete understanding of the economic feasi-The results of Arizona State's study will be issued bility of this project would require a detailed life-cycleas a separate report. economic analysis. Strictly speaking. this analysiswould include a consideration of all system capitalAnalysis and O&M costs, the discount rate, the current price of

A detailed analysis of system performance, reliabil- electricty at the site, and an assumed escalation rate fority, and economic feasibility would be premature at future electrical prices. Due to the uncertainty of manythis time. However, in general, the system at Fort of these factors, only a qualitative estimate of system

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cost -e ffec tiveniess is provided hiere. And is calculated i tie hjsli ti 11le ecercliIll TiL ll\'TiSntll~ b\ dividing the s\ysteni !irst cost bI\ its proicied Tin.' lile 1'1I II-,:,, n usii i II arIc Il II

litetinme electrical ou tput.

rThe co'st II [lhe s\stefl \Ivas 1 2,000. It tile .:el xi. ill Itlit'iltiii !j' BH ! 1( 10. il,~ s~i.- prd~~~~tces ~I 1 .000t \11 Ipe eI 1 1', 1)' eao. tile lucica. ritle.i ilip c'n.

* ~~~elec:tric:it\ l.omIld coist rotizlvb S.§0O k\kll This is still tions wmd Fias heenipi nieeiii ilecI'

St hStant ial\ highrta the retail price of electrIicity linle ill October1tront rilek ined ultiltis. Mwiie nOo. avemace1S

S.00 kWh natiotmide. W.\ith tile predicted leductliS IllL11)011n

:(oSts anld Ioected Incrcases ill electli h le e.

llo0 ever. man% observers b~elieve that PV cell costs Voltaic S\Stenm nIIa) evenltl-uallv h )coIIel lettc %\uIl thew Ill decrease Sien'IifiCantlv in thle near futu re. As the utilities.jpric.e of PV equipment decreases, and the cost otconventionallv produced electricity rises, the costs mray, Table Ieleituall he comparable. Fort Huachuca Photovoltaic Sy'stem

Theoretical Calculations

Insolation Avg. Daily Monthlh* *Sun-lirs Energy Eneirg-,

4uSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Month (kW, mi (k%'h) tWW

-Jan 3.46 18.45 51,

*A photovoltaic slxstetn for supplying power to the Feb 4.51t 23.90) (69.l-Mar 5.88 30.81 955

Holman Guest House at Fort Huachuca, AZ. was Apr 7.45 38.32 1successfully designed and tested. The system contains May 8.42 42.47 1310.

a photovoltaic array mounted on the house's roof. The Jun 8.6o1 42.48 1 2-4

array's DC output is converted to .AC by an inverter, Jul 7.38 36.04 1 11-.

whose Output (about 11,000 kVh per year) provides Aug 6.833.82 1049.Sep 6.24 30.95 928.

part of the power used for the facility's operations. Oct 5.05 25.6o9 196Upon completion, the system was tested and found to Nov 3.81 19.9)3 5%Wtmeet the project specifications: however, at this time, Dec 3.14 16 68 5 1.-

the costs of this type of energy production are much TTL191greater than for conventional methods. TTL191

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APPENDIX: 1.4 Site Description:"" PV SYSTEM STATEMENT OF WORK ih lle huar (dest IIu loIhe INA t , r II--1like

structure IaVi o l .a omlnal rot l n ea 0I 12.0(1) .1. Project Description available tol arra\ Itntlltlll'_. IThe loot conl1taIN a c'.'c

1.1 Requirement: whklh ms cast.\est along its 1lh dirnrCT'Sio, theA grid-connected photovoltaic (PV ) power systn pitch along tile other axis is I 2 Ill. pel lot. lie

with an output of 5 kWp shall be installed and placed building is currently serviced b, 100-amp 120 20,\into operation at the ilolman Guest Ilouse located at three-phase mains and is separat.l metered. RecordineLFt. Huachuca, AZ. This systemn shall consist of the ammeter readings taken on-site indicate the baselinefollowing components: electrical consulption of the tacilit to he approxi-

mately 9 kW. Building drawings co|tainitg mte1ca. An array of flat-plate, non-concetntrating. silicon detailed information with regard to the strtictures

PV cells mounted on a supporting structure to be siting and construi.tion are given in Appendix.located on the roof of the Guest House.

b. All power conditioning (PC) equipment required 1.5 Design Conditions: .to interface the PV array with the I 20/208V three- This information is provided to assist the Conitractorphase power grid which exists on site in his bid. The Contractor is responsible for updating..

supplementing. or amending these figures as requiredc. Sufficient instrumentation to permit the oper- to assure that the most accurate data is used for the

ation and maintenance of the system once installed, system.

Means for storage of electrical energy is not required Site coordinates: 31' 3N. t10' 2'1%or permitted. levation: 4664 feet abo'e sea level

Winter design temperature: 24'F (AStRAI 99'" DB)

1.2 Scope. Summer design temperature: 95°1: (ASHRAI I " DB)

The Contractor shall be responsible for all aspects of Maximun temperature: 20tl c0rthe PV system design, procurement, installation, averager.srinstrumentation, and evaluation for satisfactory Average precipitation: 16 inches/yearoperation as described herein and shall supply all Windload: 85 mph. ma\imurnlabor, materials, supervision and support required to Snox\ depth: Minimal

meet the requirements of this Statement of Work.In addition, the Contractor shall provide the Govern-ment with complete system documentation, and shalltrain on-site personnel in all phases of the systemoperation and maintenance. The Government will Average Daily Insolation (kWh/m 2 /dav)

provide no materials or labor for this project. Surface Tilt1.3 Applicable Documents.- (Degrees from Horizontal)

a. JPL Document 5260-5, Revision A, Solar Cell Month 0 20 30 40Module Design and Test Specification, 30 Apr 8 1.

JAN 3.5 4.8 5.3 5.6I. IB 4.7 5.9 6.3 6.5

b. JPL Document 5101-21, Revision A, Rejection MAR 6.) 6.9 7.1 7.1Criteria for JPL LSSA Modules, 28 Jun 77. APR 7 4 7.8 7.7 7.4

MAY 8.2 8.0 7.6 7.0c. National Electrical Code, 1981. JUN 8.5 8.0 7.4 6.8 3

JUL. 7.7 7.4 7.0 64At ; 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.7

d. JPL Document 5101-164, Interim Standard for SIP 6.3 6.9 6.9 6.8Safety: Flat-Plate Phototvoltaic Modules and Panels. OCT 5.2 6.3 6.6 6.8Volume 1,20 Feb 81. NOV 3.9 5.2 5.7 6.0

DI C 3.3 4.5 5.0 5.3

e. Engineer Manual EM 385-1-1. Safety' and llealth YRTOT 2187 240) 2419 2381 3Requirements Manual, USACE, April 1981.

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2. System Design sy'steni shall be a fixed voltage sx Steil, lIt I Inatmiultl

2.1 PhotoroltaicArrav: power tracker. The PC system shall he h),:atChd III the

Individual PV modules shall meet the requirements techanical Rolm of the Geslt Iloue and ',hall ,atit,of JP. Document 5260-5, Revision .4. Each module

• ".shall have parallel bypass diodes installed to preventdamage fromt reverse biasing and cell intercottnections I ttlcicn.C : 85'; twill 50-Il I H ll jI

Iltarmintc distortion: Les thai 5, shall be sutficientlv redundant to preclude a complete Power factor: .85 tant,im , .,,85 h.'adi,

* module failure it one cell fails. The PV arra% shall be Protection: O(rhoad. Ihort circuit. hr,,m\

designed so that individual modules are interchangeableand may be removed for tnaintenance or repair without All system wiring shall he tn accotdance with theadversely affecting the operation of the remainder of National Electtic Code. Particular attention shall hethe array. Guidelines for module selection are given in given to the grounding of tte sstet aray. support

JPL Document 5101-21, Revision A. structure, and power conditioning equipment. ItI

addition, ground fault circuitry shall be included to2.2 Array Support Structure: terminate the system operation in the event that a

The photovoltaic modules shall be mounted on current in excess of 250 mA DC exists in the systemrigid, stationary frames to be located on the roof of the ground leg.Guest House. These frames shall be designed for a20 year life, and the array tilt angle and orientation 2.4 Lightning Protection:shall be fixed to maximize the array annual power The PV array, support structure, and PC equipmentoutput. The design of the support structure shall shall contain a lightning protection system which willprovide for module and roof maintenance and repairs, preclude damage to the PV system and Guest House.and the array spacing shall be adjusted so the PV Guidelines for accomplishing this task are given inpanels do not shade one another. The number of roof Appendix.penetrations required by the array installation shallbe minimized and the support structure must not 2.5 Instrumentation:impair the structural integrity of the roof. If the array The PV system instrumentation package, providedsupport is metal, low maintenance, corrosion-resistant to facilitate the servicing and long-term monitoring ofmaterials shall be used, and dissimilar metals isolated the installed system, shall consist of the followingfrom one another in all cases. The array support elements:structure shall not trap water and shall be designed towithstand the local 20 year maximum wind conditions a. A solar pyranometer for measuring the totalwithout damage. instantaneous hemispherical radiation (beam + diffuse)

in the plane of the PV array. The nominal output of %2.3 Power Conditioning Equipment. this instrument shall be 100 mV/kW-m2 , and its - -

The PC system shall be sized to match the capacity accuracy is to be ±5% of full-scale output. Wiring fromof the PV array, and shall be capable of converting the this device shall be routed back to the Guest House .,.array DC output to 60 Hz, 120/208V three-phase Mechanical Room. (Suggested model: Dodge Products4-wire AC in phase with the existing utility power SS-l00 or equivalent.)system. The PC equipment shall be designed such thatwhen the net PV system output is insufficient to meet b. A terminal strip containing discrete sets ofthe needs of the guest house, the utility power system terminals which allow the measurement of the DCsupplies the remainder of the required power. When output current of each branch circuit of the PV array.the array output is in excess of the needs of the guest the total DC current deliveied by the array to thehouse, surplus power shall be fed back to the utility inverter, the array (fixed) DC voltage, the inverterpower system. Automatic start-up and shut-down AC output current for each of its three phases, thecircuitry shall be incorporated within the PC 5> stem inverter AC voltage output. anid thle DC voltage outputto ensure that the above requirements are met : under of the solar pyranometer. Each set of terminals is to

" no conditions shall the utility system suppl power to be clearly labeled with a legend describing the quantitythe PV array. The PC equipment shall contatn a pro- heine measured and its corresponding full-scale output.vision for manual system start-up and shut.down. It-addition, for safety reasons. the entire PV s,, ,eutn must c. Three totali/ing AC kWh meters. These instru- .disconnect automatically from tite utiitx sstei ments shall he designed lIi thtce-pltase. I20/ 208Vwhenever a utility system outage occur. The PV setvtce and must measure true power to I';. (Suggested

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.A se,:ol d N11.11 1C.'L' . 11V th ltd , , CT . i) h t.' , tI\.lll the 1'0(o it I h, h I h I t.iii Iw t V thljt tittle , tl hetile Lt1h t. 111 1,, :h , l(js , I tns , :' t :I:n' : shall 1he! ('onlt. t L,' ()It I ,:,.1 ,h1 :1n ,,I , as I, Iitled Ilh.nt tinIkdeti tted No t1.: A I ,T , . :'ntt:.2 (I2 tne N.)0t 55 , tent 1 tiIAtll.niT n IN tI hii.

that citet, !to tie i'\ s I lltn \,:V , )t the."Gue t I i e .C JetLna , ;'iUt lac ,t f1 1 l h I I In It %.4 .'O 'l ' i l ' i r()Ottzer ttge"

. " l),t ',\C r : ,>tet . lIn\1 1 h t, t t. . ,iit,,tls \ s , fl .,lh ('nnll tt:ntt Iall lt~tt\ tine I-I I )( N it le t.,

site aind slill Itlleasutc tile total possct O I1 mo , kiInL dass 11 0 1 ill\ i ls f Ttice

of the Guest I louse. required by tne sstn1 instalo [c cro'itage should last In lonnger th:an tu 1)hors,. it

2.6 Sajrtv: possible.It is essential that the PV s\ steni not imtpose a

3.5 .A ttrac tive Hlazard:-i ~~safety hazard on aml, oft tile buildting occ.up+anlts orsafetatord on yt tae, beuidieeocpants or The Contractor shall take special precautions to

operators. PV sy'stemi satetN requirements iven in ltJPL Document 5101-164 shall be met. In addition. propertyndunring tieFourseo ttahec Psste ital

construction and operational requirements of AM property during the course of the PV systen instal-.385-1-1 shall be met. lation and testing. Upon completion of construction.

the Contractor shall remove all debris related to the

2. 7 Design lnfbrmation Submittals.: system construction and installation.

"- Upon completion of the PV system final design. 4. Evaluation and Acceptancethe Contractor shall submit to the Contracting Officerthree (3) complete sets of the system documentation. 4.1 Test Procedures:

consisting of component specifications and perform- The Cottractor shall submit to the Contracting

ance data and of all system drawings and installation Officer a written description of all operational tests

details. to be used to demonstrate satisfactory system per-formnance, including, but not limited to. those des-

3. System Installation cribed below. The contractor shall perform the tests

3.1 General: on the completed PV system and document the test

The Contractor is responsible for all aspects of the results with a written narrative and supporting data.procurement and installation of the PV system, in- All test schedules shall be coordinated with the Con-cluding materials acquisition, site preparation system tracting Officer and the FE POC. Upon completion of

nexisting the PV system installation and testing. the Contractorautility, and system check-out and start-uph shall also prepare a brief report summarizing the

system design, procurement and installation costs

3 oo t ouA pcand describing any problems encountered in placingthe PV system into operation. The format for this

Special attention must be paid to the performance.-" " report is given in Appendix.quality control, and delivery time of the PV panels.The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer 4.2 PV System Output:two (2) weeks prior to the time of the module pro- The Contractor shall operate the PV system and

curement. Because the PV array is such a critical take contiltuous readings of the PV systen voltages andelement of the PV system, the Government shall be currents (AC and DC) and of the solar insolation for apermitted, at its discretion, to send representatives to period of ten (10) consecutive days. The followingwitness the testing of the modules to be installed in the documentation of the operational test shall be pro-final system. At that time, the Contractor shall demon- vided to the Contracting Officer:strate that the modules are being evaluated in accord-ance with the JPL Document 5260-5, Revision A. All a. A comparison, complete with backup calcula-modules shall be numbered, factory testel for power tions, of the theoretical PV array output to its measuredoutput, and power curves for each module recorded. output.

3.3 Construction Clearance: b. A verification that tile automatic system start-upThe Government will identify a Point-of-Contact and shut-down circuitry within the P( equipment is

,*. (POC) in the Directorate of Facilities Engineering (FE) operational, and the array I)( voltage is at its designat Fort Huachuca for liaison during the course of the value.

...,

14

LP. . _f. A , .,. .-A P . P

c A measurement and reporting of the minilullm, than eielit (8) houils at II thliiih, r,

maximum, and average inverter efficiency for the Government personnel tiI tile okCp:iilln. t11liilaiicTIIC.

ten-day period as indicated by the test data. and troubleshooting it tic must II.,ic I'\ , ,toiTile ('ontractor shall suppl,, sutticient . s ,, rIfLcr 1.11

d. An estimate of the on-site power factor it' the ()r six (6) trainees: clairstioitU lplic ,a l c pPC, M .IL

PC equipment. by the Goverinimen. flit aiii h.i l itcid1 thlv

following subjects: tilhe the()I\ ,i1 -StCli ,pei ,,.

4.3 System Start-up and Shut-down. start-up and shut -dow0n pr iccdIics. pcS ct 1 itidHIC-The Contractor shall demonstrate that the manual nance measures and schedules., and iwt miici, iit

system start-up and shut-down controls operate propei- system troubleshooting and repair. SpecuiiL aiiI i i,

Iv and that the PV system disconnects automatically shall be given to safety consideranois antid it thefrom the utility power supply whenever a utility isolation and replacement of delectise c(mt mcnts.outage occurs. The Contractor shall perform the start-up. shut-down and disconnect tests a minimum of 5.3 0&M Manuals."ten (10) times. At the time of the field instruction the ('nliactt

shall provide the Contracting Officer with six (0)4.4 System Acceptance and Warranty: typed and bound sets of system opeiation and maintc-

The final acceptance of the PV system shall be made nance manuals containing the following informnatiiiafter installation is complete in all aspects and it hasbeen verified that the system is performing as designed a. An overview of the system operation, includit_'

* and in compliance with all provisions of this Statement an as-built system schematic, a description of theof Work. After acceptance by the Government and the theory of operation, and as-built wiring and controlwarranty period goes into effect, the entire PV system, diagrams.including the instrumentation, shall be fit for andoperate in accordnace with the system design per- b. Brochures, schematics, and descriptive data.formance requirements for a period of not less than including O&M instructions, from the supplier of eachtwo (2) years after Government acceptance. All system piece of equipment installed tinder this contract.repairs required by failures not caused by misuse oraccident or through fault or negligence of the Govern- c. A complete parts list, including recomniendedment within this period shall be made at the Con- spare parts.

", tractor's expense, including, without limitation:on-site inspection, parts, labor, and transportation d. A description of system start-up, shut-domn. .. ,costs. In the event that any warranty repairs are operation, and troubleshooting procedures.required within the stated two-year period, the Con- -*tractor shall document any corrective actions on his e. A suggested system maintenance schedule.part with an Unscheduled Outage Report, the formatof which is given in Appendix. f. The name, address, and telephone number of the

Contractor.

5.5 System O&M Documentation 5.4 Framed Instnrctions."

5.1 Introduction: The Contractor shall post in the Mechanical Rimott The Contractor is not responsible for normal of the Guest Ilouse a complete PV s stem schematic

maintenance of the PV system once it has bee'n ac- (including wiring and control diagrams) fraied undetcepted by the Government. However. the Contractor glass or plastic. In addition, coindensed (peiami,"shall provide the following field instruction, manuals, instructiolns explaining preventive hainteimance mic.o-and schematics to assist in the system operation, ures and schedules and defining svstem check ,ut.

maintenance, and troubleshooting. start-up, and shut-down p rCedlures shall be P1CITJLc l .N.*

in typed form. framed similar to the s, stei schemitat. -"'.

5.2 Field Instruction.- and posted beside the daiings. Propt)scd diagim ,iml "..dUpon completion of the system installation, testing, instructions shall be submitted to tic ( i:mC . "m i

and evaluation, and at a time designated by the Con- Officer for approval priom to postiig. H1lie ii:md.tracting Officer, the Contractor shall provide the instructions shall be made m. iable to tile Giciiiicilservices of a project engineer for a period of not less at the lime of the system field inst itic i)ti.

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71'N: tEH (15) Infrastructure Branch. -ANA21st Support Comand

AT-TN : 1EH (12) Ho USEUCOm 09128L! SA Berlin ATTN: ECJ 4/7-LOE

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A TTN: DEH (6) ATTN (anadlin Liaison F f'Le,Alllied Command Europe (ACE) ATTN Water Resources luopoort -erier

ArPN: OEH (3Y Arl: Engr Studies center

8t h USA . o re l (14 ) A N : Engr To po g ra ph ic La b8thUS. ora 14 ATTN: AT A DTE -SU

AiINT ATZA-OTE-[MPOi/US Combined Forces Coeand 96301 ATTN; R & D LonmandATTN: EUSA-HHC-CFC/Enhr

. USA Japan (USRJ) COREL, AlTN: Library 03755

.- ATT"N: MEN-FE 96343ATTN: SEH-Honshu 96 '3ATTN: DEN-Okinawa 96331 WES, ATTN: Library 39180

% HO. xvIII Airborne Corps andFt. Bragg 28307

"., Area Engineer, AEOC-Area Office ATTN: AFZA-FE-EEArnold Air Force Station. TN 37389

%n,4:( Chanute AFB, IL 618683345 CES/DE Stop 27

pam •Norton AFB CA 92409416th Engineer Coland 60623 ATfN: AFRCE-NX/OEEATTN: Facilities Engineer

US military Academy 10966 Tyndall AF. FL 32403

ATTSN Pacilities Engineer AFESC/Engineering & Service Lab

AM : Dept of Geography & NAVFAC

Computer Science ATTN: ROT&E Liaison Office (6)* ATTN. OSCPER/MAEN-A ATTN: Sr. Tech. FAC-03T 22332

'I ATTN: Asst. CDR R&D. FAC-03 22332aMORC. ATTiA: CP*mp-OE n2172

N-.-o *NCEL 93041

-- USA ARRCO4 $1209 ATTN: Library (Code LO8A)ATTN: DRCIS-PI-IAerT: ISARIIS Cefense Technical Info. Center '2314

A ATN: li0A (12)DAPCOMA - Dir., Inst., t Secs.

A TTN: ?EH (23) Engineering Societies Library' ew York. NY 10017

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HQDA (DALO-TSE-F) (3) 20310

US Army Engineer Districts (39)ATM: Chief. Engineer Division

US Army Engineer Divisions (15)ATTN: Chief, Engineer Division -

Army-Air Force Exchange Service 75222ATTN: Chief. Engineering Div

Alexandria, VA 22314ATTN: DLA-W "_

USA ARRADCOM 07801ATTN: ORDAR-LCM-SP @1

USA DARCOM -'

ATTN: ORCIS 22333

Fort Belvoir, VA 22950ATTN: DRDE-GATTN: FESA-TSO

Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027ATTN: ATZLCA-SA

Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory 93043ATTN: Code LO3AEATTN: Code L60

Naval Facilities Engineering Command 22332ATTN: Code 032EATTN: Code 1023ATTN: Code 11130ATTN: Code 044

USAFATTN: SAFNII 20330ATTN: 24th CSG/DEMI 34001ATTN: 438 CES/OEM 08641

Andrews AFB, WASH DC 20331ATTN: AFSC-OEE

Patrick AFD, FL 32925ATTN: X

Tyndall AFS, FL 32403 IATTN: RD ''

Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433ATTN: POEATTN: PMD

Assistant Sec for Conservation & Solar Energy 20314Assistant Sec for Resource Applications 20314OCNO (Logistics) 20301Director, Bldg Technology & Safety Div 20410Director, Center for Building Technology 20234Energy Research and Development Foundation 30037OAS (EWlS) 20301OCAS (11) 20301GSA 20405Public Building Service 20405

Department of Energy 30037Oak Ridge, TN 37830

90

3/19/84

,I.

9. -' * * . o

Joncich, David M.A photovoltaic power system for the Holman Guest Mouse, Fort ;Iuacnuca,

AZ. - Champaign, ill : Construction Engineering Research ahoraitarv ;available from NTIS, 1984.15 p. (Technical report / Construction Engineering Researcn Laboratorv

I," E-195)

i. Photovoltaic power generation. 2. Ft. huachuca, AZ. 1. Title.II. Series Technical report (Construction Engineering Research LaboratorvE-195.

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