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Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems3-2 Using Algebraic Methods
to Solve Linear Systems
Holt Algebra 2
Warm UpWarm Up
Lesson PresentationLesson Presentation
Lesson QuizLesson Quiz
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Warm UpDetermine if the given ordered pair is an element of the solution set of
2x – y = 5
3y + x = 6
1. (3, 1) yes 2. (–1, 1) no
Solve each equation for y.
3. x + 3y = 2x + 4y – 4
4. 6x + 5 + y = 3y + 2x – 1
y = –x + 4
y = 2x + 3
.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Solve systems of equations by substitution. Solve systems of equations by elimination.
Objectives
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
substitutionelimination
Vocabulary
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
The graph shows a system of linear equations. As you can see, without the use of technology, determining the solution from the graph is not easy. You can use the substitution method to find an exact solution. In substitution, you solve one equation for one variable and then substitute this expression into the other equation.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use substitution to solve the system of equations.
Example 1A: Solving Linear Systems by Substitution
y = x – 1
x + y = 7Step 1 Solve one equation for one variable. The first equation is already solved for y: y = x – 1.
Step 2 Substitute the expression into the other equation.
x + y = 7
x + (x – 1) = 72x – 1 = 7
2x = 8x = 4
Substitute (x –1) for y in the other equation.
Combine like terms.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Step 3 Substitute the x-value into one of the original equations to solve for y.
Example 1A Continued
y = x – 1
y = (4) – 1
y = 3
Substitute x = 4.
The solution is the ordered pair (4, 3).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Example 1A Continued
Check A graph or table supports your answer.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use substitution to solve the system of equations.
Example 1B: Solving Linear Systems by Substitution
2y + x = 4
3x – 4y = 7Method 1 Isolate y.
2y + x = 4
5x = 15
3x + 2x – 8 = 7
First equation.
Method 2 Isolate x.
Isolate one variable.
Second equation.
Substitute the expression intothe second equation.
Combine like terms.
2y + x = 4
x = 3
x = 4 – 2y
3x – 4y= 7
3(4 – 2y)– 4y = 7
12 – 6y – 4y = 7
12 – 10y = 7–10y = –55x – 8 = 7
First part of the solution
3x –4 +2 = 7
y = + 2
3x – 4y = 7
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Substitute the value into one of the original equations to solve for the other variable.
2y + (3) = 4
2y = 1
Example 1B Continued
Substitute the value to solve for the other variable.
Second part of the solution
2 + x = 4
1 + x = 4
x = 3
By either method, the solution is .
Method 1 Method 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use substitution to solve the system of equations.
y = 2x – 1
3x + 2y = 26Step 1 Solve one equation for one variable. The first equation is already solved for y: y = 2x – 1.
Step 2 Substitute the expression into the other equation. 3x + 2y = 26
3x + 2(2x–1) = 26
3x + 4x – 2 = 26
7x = 28x = 4
Substitute (2x –1) for y in the other equation.Combine like terms.
Check It Out! Example 1a
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Step 3 Substitute the x-value into one of the original equations to solve for y.
y = 2x – 1
y = 2(4) – 1
y = 7
Substitute x = 4.
The solution is the ordered pair (4, 7).
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Check A graph or table supports your answer.
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use substitution to solve the system of equations.5x + 6y = –9
2x – 2 = –y
Method 1 Isolate y.
2x – 2 = –y First equation.
Isolate one variable.
Substitute the expression into the second equation.
5x + 6y = –9
Check It Out! Example 1b
Method 2 Isolate x.
y = –2x + 2
Second equation.
2x – 2 = –y
x = 1 – y
5(1 – y)+ 6y = –9
5x + 6y = –9
5x + 6(–2x + 2) = –9
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Combine like terms.
Method 1 Isolate y. Method 2 Isolate x.
–7x = –21
5x + 6(–2x + 2) = –9
x = 3
5x – 12x + 12 = –9
First part of the solution.
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
10 – 5y + 12y = –18
10 + 7y = –18
7y = –28
y = –4
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Substitute the value into one of the original equations to solve for the other variable.
5(3) + 6y = –9
15 + 6y = –9
Example 1b Continued
Substitute the value to solve for the other variable.
Second part of the solution
5x + (–24) = –9
x = 3
By either method, the solution is (3, –4).
6y = –24
y = –4
5x + 6(–4) = –9
5x = 15
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
You can also solve systems of equations with the elimination method. With elimination, you get rid of one of the variables by adding or subtracting equations. You may have to multiply one or both equations by a number to create variable terms that can be eliminated.
The elimination method is sometimes called the addition method or linear combination.
Reading Math
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
Example 2A: Solving Linear Systems by Elimination
3x + 2y = 4
4x – 2y = –18
Step 1 Find the value of one variable.
3x + 2y = 4+ 4x – 2y = –18
The y-terms have opposite coefficients.
First part of the solution
7x = –14
x = –2
Add the equations to eliminate y.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Example 2A Continued
Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the original equations to solve for y.
3(–2) + 2y = 4
2y = 10
y = 5 Second part of the solution
The solution to the system is (–2, 5).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
Example 2B: Solving Linear Systems by Elimination
3x + 5y = –16
2x + 3y = –9
Step 1 To eliminate x, multiply both sides of the first equation by 2 and both sides of the second equation by –3.
Add the equations.
First part of the solutiony = –5
2(3x + 5y) = 2(–16)
–3(2x + 3y) = –3(–9)
6x + 10y = –32
–6x – 9y = 27
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Example 2B Continued
Second part of the solution
3x + 5(–5) = –16
3x = 93x – 25 = –16
x = 3
Step 2 Substitute the y-value into one of the original equations to solve for x.
The solution for the system is (3, –5).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Example 2B: Solving Linear Systems by Elimination
Check Substitute 3 for x and –5 for y in each equation.
3x + 5y = –16 2x + 3y = –9
–163(3) + 5(–5)
–16 –16
2(3) + 3(–5) –9
–9 –9
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use elimination to solve the system of equations. 4x + 7y = –25
–12x –7y = 19
Check It Out! Example 2a
Step 1 Find the value of one variable.
The y-terms have opposite coefficients.
First part of the solution
–8x = –6
4x + 7y = –25
– 12x – 7y = 19
Add the equations to eliminate y.
x =
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Check It Out! Example 2a Continued
3 + 7y = –25
7y = –28
Second part of the solution
Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the original equations to solve for y.
4( ) + 7y = –25
y = –4
The solution to the system is ( , –4).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
5x – 3y = 42
8x + 5y = 28
Step 1 To eliminate x, multiply both sides of the first equation by –8 and both sides of the second equation by 5.
Add the equations.
First part of the solution
y = –4
Check It Out! Example 2b
49y = –196
–8(5x – 3y) = –8(42)
5(8x + 5y) = 5(28)
–40x + 24y = –336
40x + 25y = 140
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Second part of the solution
5x – 3(–4) = 42
5x = 305x + 12 = 42
x = 6
Step 2 Substitute the y-value into one of the original equations to solve for x.
The solution for the system is (6,–4).
Check It Out! Example 2b
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Check Substitute 6 for x and –4 for y in each equation.
5x – 3y = 42 8x + 5y = 28
425(6) – 3(–4)
42 42
8(6) + 5(–4) 28
28 28
Check It Out! Example 2b
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
In Lesson 3–1, you learned that systems may have infinitely many or no solutions. When you try to solve these systems algebraically, the result will be an identity or a contradiction.
An identity, such as 0 = 0, is always true and indicates infinitely many solutions. A contradiction, such as 1 = 3, is never true and indicates no solution.
Remember!
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Classify the system and determine the number of solutions.
Example 3: Solving Systems with Infinitely Many or No Solutions
3x + y = 1
2y + 6x = –18
Because isolating y is straightforward, use substitution.
Substitute (1–3x) for y in the second equation.
Solve the first equation for y.
3x + y = 1
2(1 – 3x) + 6x = –18
y = 1 –3x
2 – 6x + 6x = –182 = –18
Distribute.
Simplify.
Because 2 is never equal to –18, the equation is a contradiction. Therefore, the system is inconsistent and has no solution.
x
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Classify the system and determine the number of solutions. 56x + 8y = –32
7x + y = –4
Because isolating y is straightforward, use substitution.
Substitute (–4 –7x) for y in the first equation.
Solve the second equation for y.
7x + y = –4
56x + 8(–4 – 7x) = –32
y = –4 – 7x
56x – 32 – 56x = –32 Distribute.
Simplify.
Because –32 is equal to –32, the equation is an identity. The system is consistent, dependent and has infinite number of solutions.
Check It Out! Example 3a
–32 = –32
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Classify the system and determine the number of solutions. 6x + 3y = –12
2x + y = –6
Because isolating y is straightforward, use substitution.
Substitute (–6 – 2x) for y in the first equation.
Solve the second equation.
2x + y = –6
6x + 3(–6 – 2x)= –12
y = –6 – 2x
6x –18 – 6x = –12 Distribute.
Simplify.
Because –18 is never equal to –12, the equation is a contradiction. Therefore, the system is inconsistent and has no solutions.
Check It Out! Example 3b
–18 = –12 x
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
A veterinarian needs 60 pounds of dog food that is 15% protein. He will combine a beef mix that is 18% protein with a bacon mix that is 9% protein. How many pounds of each does he need to make the 15% protein mixture?
Example 4: Zoology Application
Let x present the amount of beef mix in the mixture.
Let y present the amount of bacon mix in the mixture.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Example 4 Continued
Write one equation based on the amount of dog food:
Amount of beef mix
plus amount of bacon mix
equals
x y
60.
60+ =
Write another equation based on the amount of protein:
Protein of beef mix
plus protein of bacon mix
equals
0.18x 0.09y
protein in mixture.
0.15(60)+ =
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Solve the system.x + y = 60
0.18x +0.09y = 9
x + y = 60
y = 60 – x
First equation
0.18x + 0.09(60 – x) = 9
0.18x + 5.4 – 0.09x = 9
0.09x = 3.6
x = 40
Solve the first equation for y.
Substitute (60 – x) for y.
Distribute.
Simplify.
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Substitute the value of x into one equation.
Substitute x into one of the original equations to solve for y.
40 + y = 60
y = 20 Solve for y.
The mixture will contain 40 lb of the beef mix and 20 lb of the bacon mix.
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
A coffee blend contains Sumatra beans which cost $5/lb, and Kona beans, which cost $13/lb. If the blend costs $10/lb, how much of each type of coffee is in 50 lb of the blend?
Let x represent the amount of the Sumatra beans in the blend.
Check It Out! Example 4
Let y represent the amount of the Kona beans in the blend.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Write one equation based on the amount of each bean:
Amount of Sumatra beans
plus amount of Kona beans
equals
x y
50.
50+ =
Write another equation based on cost of the beans:
Cost of Sumatra beans plus
cost of Kona beans
equals
5x 13y
cost of beans.
10(50)+ =
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Solve the system.x + y = 50
5x + 13y = 500
x + y = 50
y = 50 – x
First equation
5x + 13(50 – x) = 500
5x + 650 – 13x = 500–8x = –150
x = 18.75
Solve the first equation for y.
Substitute (50 – x) for y.Distribute.
Simplify.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Substitute the value of x into one equation.
Substitute x into one of the original equations to solve for y.
18.75 + y = 50
y = 31.25 Solve for y.
The mixture will contain 18.75 lb of the Sumatra beans and 31.25 lb of the Kona beans.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
3-2Using Algebraic Methods to Solve Linear Systems
Lesson Quiz
Use substitution or elimination to solve each system of equations.
3x + y = 1
y = x + 91.
(–2, 7)
5x – 4y = 10
3x – 4y = –22.
(6, 5)
3. The Miller and Benson families went to a theme park. The Millers bought 6 adult and 15 children tickets for $423. The Bensons bought 5 adult and 9 children tickets for $293. Find the cost of each ticket.adult: $28; children’s: $17