HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 8

REGIONAL SOCIETIESREGIONAL SOCIETIES

Section 1:Section 1: The North and the Midwest The North and the Midwest

Section 2:Section 2: The Cotton Kingdom The Cotton Kingdom

Section 3:Section 3: The Slave System The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives: What were the differences between the lifestyles of wealthy, What were the differences between the lifestyles of wealthy,

poor, and middle-class families?poor, and middle-class families? What innovations transformed industrial and farm production What innovations transformed industrial and farm production

and domestic life in the early 1800s?and domestic life in the early 1800s? What were the major issues concerning trade unions, and what What were the major issues concerning trade unions, and what

actions did unions take in the early to mid-1800s?actions did unions take in the early to mid-1800s? What groups immigrated to the United States in the mid-1800s, What groups immigrated to the United States in the mid-1800s,

and how did some Americans respond to this immigration?and how did some Americans respond to this immigration? How did life in the Midwest change in the early 1800s?How did life in the Midwest change in the early 1800s?

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Wealthy familiesWealthy familiesheaded by bankers, manufacturers, and merchantsheaded by bankers, manufacturers, and merchantslavish homes; often concerned about social statuslavish homes; often concerned about social status

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Middle-class familiesMiddle-class familiesheaded by lawyers, artisans, ministers, and headed by lawyers, artisans, ministers, and

shopkeepersshopkeepersmodest homes; emphasized educationmodest homes; emphasized education

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Poor familiesPoor familiessmall apartments, attics, or cellarssmall apartments, attics, or cellarshigh levels of crime and diseasehigh levels of crime and disease

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

InnovationsInnovationsThe factory system allowed all aspects of The factory system allowed all aspects of

manufacturing to take place under one roof.manufacturing to take place under one roof.Power looms enabled factory production of cloth.Power looms enabled factory production of cloth.Lighter, stronger plows required less strength to Lighter, stronger plows required less strength to

operate.operate.The mechanical reaper allowed greater harvests in The mechanical reaper allowed greater harvests in

less time.less time.Sewing machines saved labor in the home.Sewing machines saved labor in the home.

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Issues of trade unionsIssues of trade unionsrising working hoursrising working hoursincreased production demandsincreased production demandschild laborchild laborpoverty of workerspoverty of workerssafety standardssafety standards

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Actions of unionsActions of unionswent on strikewent on strikeorganized political associationsorganized political associationspushed for reformspushed for reforms

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Immigrants in the mid-1800sImmigrants in the mid-1800smany Irishmany Irishmany Germansmany Germansmany Roman Catholicsmany Roman Catholics

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Nativist responseNativist responsefavoritism toward native-bornfavoritism toward native-borndesire to restrict immigrants’ voting and political desire to restrict immigrants’ voting and political

rightsrightscreation of nativist organizationscreation of nativist organizationsanti-Catholic riotsanti-Catholic riotsviolence against the foreign-bornviolence against the foreign-born

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Life in the MidwestLife in the Midwestincreased demand for cropsincreased demand for cropsincreasing crop specializationincreasing crop specializationnew agricultural technologynew agricultural technologyshift from home-produced goods to store-bought shift from home-produced goods to store-bought

goodsgoods

Section 1: The North and the MidwestSection 1: The North and the Midwest

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives:What were the major elements of the southern What were the major elements of the southern

economy?economy?How did planters differ from yeoman farmers and How did planters differ from yeoman farmers and

poor white farmers?poor white farmers?What cultural traits did white southerners of What cultural traits did white southerners of

different classes share?different classes share?What was life like for most free African What was life like for most free African

Americans in the South?Americans in the South?

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Elements of the southern economyElements of the southern economy high-demand agricultural goods such as cotton, corn, and high-demand agricultural goods such as cotton, corn, and

tobaccotobacco slave laborslave labor manufacturing of bricks, textiles, and tobacco productsmanufacturing of bricks, textiles, and tobacco products good portsgood ports few factory workersfew factory workers insufficient taxes to pay for improvementsinsufficient taxes to pay for improvements little purchasing power in the hands of the majoritylittle purchasing power in the hands of the majority

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

PlantersPlanterslarge, sometimes elaborate houseslarge, sometimes elaborate houses20 or more slaves20 or more slaves

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Yeoman farmersYeoman farmersin the majorityin the majoritysmall, modest homessmall, modest homesgrew own foodgrew own food

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Poor whitesPoor whiteslived on unproductive landlived on unproductive landstruggled to provide for themselvesstruggled to provide for themselves

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Cultural traits of white southernersCultural traits of white southernersdiet included corn, pork, and coffeediet included corn, pork, and coffeesimilar housingsimilar housingmusic, stories, arts and crafts influenced by British music, stories, arts and crafts influenced by British

and African heritageand African heritagecommon religion interpreted to support slaverycommon religion interpreted to support slavery

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Life for free African AmericansLife for free African Americansusually required to register with local authoritiesusually required to register with local authoritiesrequired to carry identification passesrequired to carry identification passesnot allowed to votenot allowed to votenot allowed to hold meetingsnot allowed to hold meetingsnot allowed to bear weaponsnot allowed to bear weaponsnot allowed to testify in court against whitesnot allowed to testify in court against whites

Section 2: The Cotton KingdomSection 2: The Cotton Kingdom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Objectives:Objectives:How did critics and supporters of slavery explain How did critics and supporters of slavery explain

their positions?their positions?What were the living conditions of enslaved What were the living conditions of enslaved

African Americans like?African Americans like?What was the cultural life of slaves like?What was the cultural life of slaves like?What types of resistance did slaves practice?What types of resistance did slaves practice?

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Arguments against slaveryArguments against slaverycontradicted the values of freedom and libertycontradicted the values of freedom and libertyless profitable than basing economy on wage laborless profitable than basing economy on wage labor

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Arguments for slaveryArguments for slaveryonly way to provide an adequate supply of laboronly way to provide an adequate supply of laborslaves provided with adequate food and clothingslaves provided with adequate food and clothingslaves cared for in old ageslaves cared for in old age

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Living conditions of slavesLiving conditions of slavespoor housingpoor housinglimited foodlimited foodviolent punishmentsviolent punishmentsthreats of being soldthreats of being soldfamilies dividedfamilies divided

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Cultural life of slavesCultural life of slaves struggle to maintain family tiesstruggle to maintain family ties not allowed to learn to read, so became skilled storytellersnot allowed to learn to read, so became skilled storytellers animal tales used to veil discussion of ownersanimal tales used to veil discussion of owners African heritage reflected in rhythms and communal African heritage reflected in rhythms and communal

singing in musicsinging in music woodcarvings, pottery, woven baskets as folk artwoodcarvings, pottery, woven baskets as folk art religion a blend of Christian elements and traditional religion a blend of Christian elements and traditional

African beliefsAfrican beliefs

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

Resistance of slavesResistance of slavesrevoltsrevoltswork shutdowns and slowdownswork shutdowns and slowdownsrunning awayrunning away

Section 3: The Slave SystemSection 3: The Slave System