Rainfall Profile of Udaipur

O. P. Singh, S. S. Singh & Surender Kumar

Meteorological Centre, Jaipur

India Meteorological Department

New Delhi

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT DOCUMENT AND DATA CONTROL SHEET

1 Document title Rainfall profile of Udaipur

2 Document type Meteorological Monograph

3 Issue No. Hydrology No.

4 Issue date July, 2013

5 Security Classification Unclassified

6 Control Status Uncontrolled

7 Document type Scientific Report

8 No. of pages 108

9 No. of figures 53

10 No. of references 0

11 Distribution Unrestricted

12 Language English

13 Authors O. P. Singh, S. S. Singh & Surender Kumar

14 Organization/Division/Group RMC New Delhi and Meteorological Centre , Jaipur

15 Reviewing and Approving

Authority Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorology Department

16 End users Rajasthan Government Departments, Common man, Researcher

17 Abstract

Rainfall features of the Udaipur ( Lake city of Rajasthan ) and

its nearby area ( Udaipur district) has been highlighted based

upon a long series of latest data ( period 1957-2012 ). Rainfall

features of this district will be the representative of whole

Udaipur division or South East Rajasthan. Daily/weekly/ monthly/

seasonal rainfall profile of the Udaipur district utilizing all tehsil

level rain gauge stations data have been worked out. This

study also includes the weekly probability distribution of dry

and wet spells over the whole district. Seasonal rainfall

distribution , variability and extremes of daily rainfall at

different locations of Udaipur district are some important

features of this report.

18 Key words Arithmetic Mean (AM) , Coefficient of variation(CV) , Standard

deviation (SD), Percentage of departure from long period

average(% DEP ) , Long period average ( LPA).

CONTENTS

Foreword

Chapter I Geographical location and Physiography 1

Chapter II General Climate 4

Chapter III Rainfall features 7

Chapter IV Winter Season 17

Chapter V Summer Season 19

Chapter VI Monsoon Season 21

Chapter VII Post Monsoon Season 26

Chapter VIII Annual Rainfall Features 28

Chapter IX Extreme Rainfall 32

Chapter X Tables 39

Foreword

The economy of Rajasthan state mainly depends upon

agriculture and animal husbandry. Its geographical location is such

that the whole state is mostly dependent upon rain water. The other

sources of water like rivers, lakes and water reservoirs /dams etc. are

scarce in the state. The state has lowest annual normal rainfall in

the country .Most of the western part of the state receives very little

rain with a large variability on temporal and spatial scale.

Drinking and other water requirements for living beings are

basically met with rain water only. Kharif crops are totally rain fed

in the state and production varies with the amount and frequency of

rainfall. Rain is the primary and most important need for survival in

the state. Considering the above facts in mind it becomes very much

essential to know the different rainfall features on various temporal

and spatial scales over the state. These features are pioneering tools

for planning purposes in various disciplines like water management,

Agriculture operations, industrial development etc. Present booklet is

an effort to summaries the rainfall features for the Udaipur district.

Udaipur city is also known as the city of lakes , located in the

south eastern part of the state. It is one of the most important

tourist place of the state. The primary need of water and food of this

city depends upon the availability of water in the lakes

,underground water in and around the city and rainy water in nearby

region ( Udaipur district).

The report contains daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal and

annual rainfall summaries for Udaipur district. The seasonal statement

contains the monthly rainfall distribution extremes and its variability.

The probability of occurrence of wet and dry weeks is also described in

detail.

I appreciate the authors for their valued contribution in

compiling the latest long series of rainfall data of Udaipur district to

bring out this Monograph. I am sure media, common man , state

administrators and planers will find this publication very useful.

July, 2013 L. S. Rathore

New Delhi Director General of Meteorology

India Meteorology Department

1

CHAPTER-I

======================================================

Geographical location and Physiograpy

Udaipur district is situated over Aravli hills in the South eastern part of

Rajasthan and is representative of whole Udaipur division consisting of

Banswara , Dungarpur, Pratapgarh,Chittorgarh , Sirohi and Rajsamand

districts. It is bounded by Rajsamand and Pali districts in the north,

Dungarpur , Banaswara and Sabarkantha ( Gujarat ) districts in the south,

Chittorgarh and Pratapgarh districts in the east and Sirohi district in the

west. .There are 11 Tehsils or sub-divisions in the district which are named

as Girwa , Gogunda , Kherwada , Rishabhdeo , Mavli , Vallabhnagar ,

Kotda , Jhadol , Salumber , Sarada and Lasadia. There are 11 Panchayat

samities and 2511 villages. Udaipur was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai

Singh II. Udaipur city, is popularly known as the "lake City"and most

favourite tourist destination in the state. Udaipur district has a total area of

about 13882 sq km with a total population of 3067549 persons with an

average population density of 242 people per sq. km. as per the 2011 census.

It is situated in the hills of Aravali range . Udaipur is the historic capital of

Mewar region in the former Rajputana Regency . The Guhils (Sisodia) clan

ruled the Mewar for about 1500 years and its capital was shifted from

Chittorgarh to Udaipur after founding city of Udaipur by Maharana Uday

Singh. Mewar is known for valor, sacrifice and patriotism. Maharana

Pratap had accomplished the grandeur which crossed the boundaries of his

fame from Mewar and to the countries. The Mewar province became part

of Rajasthan after India became independent .

Udaipur is located between latitude 24°35′N to 24°58′N and longitude 73°41′E to 73°68′E. It has an average elevation of 598.00 m (1,962 ft). It is located in the southern region of Rajasthan and is close to Gujarat. It has six

major lakes namely -

1. Fateh Sagar Lake 2. Rangsagar Lake 3. Pichola Lake 4. Swaroopsagar Lake 5. Dudh Talai Lake 6. Udaisagar Lake

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputana_Agencyhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Udaipur&params=24.58_N_73.68_E_http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Udaipur&params=24.58_N_73.68_E_http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fateh_Sagar_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Pichola

2

Udaipur is a popular tourist destination in India. The lakes, palaces

and lively workspaces and culture attracts foreign and domestic visitors. It is

a favorite marriage destination also. Many celebrities, including film stars,

business families, politicians chose Udaipur to hold marriage ceremonies

and parties.

The area of different tehsils of the district is given below:

Sr. no Tehsils Area (sq. km.)

1 Girwa 1887.46

2 Gogunda 1008.93

3 Kherwada 622.80

4 Rishabhdeo 599.16

5 Mavli 830.87

6 Vallabhnagar 1031.43

7 Kotda 2320.97

8 Jhadol 1441

9 Salumber 1442.34

10 Sarada 2157.19

11 Lasadia 540.40

3

Fig. 1.1 Location map of Udaipur District

Fig. 1.2 Location map of tehsils in Udaipur District

4

CHAPTER-II

====================================================

General climate

Udaipur is an important tourist place of south Rajasthan and

particularly it has a tropical climate. The three main seasons, summer,

monsoon and winter dominate the Udaipur district. Moreover, in a desert

area, Udaipur has sultry type of Climate. However, it is the only place in

Rajasthan that has quite moderate climate throughout the year. In summers,

the scorching sun makes the city hot whereas in winters the weather remains

pleasant.

located in the desert lands of Rajasthan, the climate and weather of

Udaipur is usually hot. The summer season runs from Mid-March to June

and the average maximum temperature attain value of 39°C. Monsoon

arrive in the month of July heralded by dust and thunderstorms. The

district annually receives around 587 mm of rainfall. This scanty amount of

rainfall makes Udaipur more humid. The humidity reaches to the extent of

90 % during the months of Monsoon. winters are comparatively cooler than

summers but not extremely cold at all. The winter season prevails from the

month of October till February. Humidity, which prevails during monsoon,

diminishes at the arrival of winters. The district experiences pleasant sunny

days and enjoyable cool nights. The average temperature falls to the level of

7°C in the nights.

The climate of Udaipur district is mild throughout the year . The

maximum temperatures ranges between 35 °C to 42 deg. C on most of

the days during summer season. Although the highest maximum

temperature during April to June months has yet been recorded 44.4

deg. C , 46.4 deg. C and 46.2 deg. C respectively. Heat wave also prevails

for a few days in the summer season, when day’s temperature rose to 4 – 6 °

C above normal. In winter minimum temperatures remain around 5–10 °C

or so when chilly wind (northerly) blow from Himalayan region. Mist also

occur at a few occasions in the morning hours after incursion of moisture

5

from Arabian Sea. The minimum temperature is as low as -1.2 °C was

recorded on 1st January, 1991 .

The Maximum temperature’s upward surge starts from April and

reaches at peak in the month of May with the average value of 39.8 deg.

cel.. The down ward trend in minimum temperature commences in

September and continues up to January. January is the coldest month with

average minimum temperature of 7 deg. cel. . Rainfall increases from the

month of June( normal rainfall 65 mm) when thundery activities start and

July( normal rainfall 199 mm) and August( normal rainfall 198 mm ) are the

rainiest months. Monsoon generally sets around 2oth June and last up to

middle of September. Rainfall decreases sharply in October and November.

These are the transit months. Mean monthly temperature and rainfall

features are shown in Fig. 2.1 below

2 2 2 2 7

65

199 198

93

10 6 2

7.09.1

14.3

20.2

25.0 26.124.5

23.221.4

16.9

11.7

7.7

24.2

26.9

32.8

37.439.8

37.3

31.930.3

32.3 33.3

29.3

25.5

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Tem

per

atu

re in

deg

. C

el.

MonthsFig. 2.1 Monthly Maximum/Minimum normal temperatures and rainfall

Udaipur District

Rainfall Minimum temperature Maximum temperature

6

2.1 Data Used

Daily rainfall data for the period 1957-2012 ( 56 years ) of 12 rain -gauge

stations ( given below ) , functioning under the state government and India

Meteorological Department at tehsil and sub tehsil levels have been used

to define the rainfall features of Udaipur district. Each tehsil is

represented by at least one rain gauge station. The district rainfall of

different temporal scales has been worked out as the simple average of

all tehsil level rain- gauge stations.

List of Rain gauge stations used

Sr. No. Stations

1 Girwa

2 Gogunda

3 Kherwada

4 Rishabhdeo

5 Mavli

6 Vallabhnagar

7 Kotda

8 Jhadol

9 Salumber

10 Sarada

11 Lasadia

12 Udaipur

7

CHAPTER-III

============================================

Rainfall features

3.1 Annual March

3.1.1 Daily rainfall Description

Daily normal rainfall of the district is shown in Fig.3.1.1 which

shows that rainfall is insignificant during the period from January to

end of May and middle of October to end of the year. The highest daily

normal value of the order of 10 mm is observed around 190th

to 215th

day of the year . The rainfall increases from middle of June and attains

its peak value around 190th

to 215th

day and then starts decreasing up to

end of September. A drastic decrease in rainfall takes place after the 300th

day and there are occasional spells of rain during rest days of the year.

Daily normal rainfall in different range over district is shown

in Fig.3.1.2 which reveals that in about 74% cases the daily rainfall

occurs less than 5 mm ; in 13% cases it ranges between 5 to 10 mm

and in 6% cases it ranges between 15 to 20 mm. The daily rainfall

exceeding 50 mm is rare. However , there are cases when it was observed

in the range of 50 to 150 mm also .

0123456789

1011

111 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 10

11

11

12

11

31

141

15

11

61

17

11

81

19

120

12

11

22

12

31

24

12

51

261

27

12

81

29

13

01

31

13

21

33

13

41

35

13

61

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Day

Fig. 3.1.1 Daily Normal Rainfall Udaipur District

NORMAL RAINFALL

8

3.1.2 Weekly Rainfall Description

Weekly normal rainfall gradually increases from 22nd

week to 31st

week and then gradually decreases up to 47th

week (Fig. 3.1.2). A

sudden increase in weekly rainfall from 24th to 26th

week is also observed.

The highest (52 mm) rainfall is observed during 31st week (third week of

August). The weekly rainfall decreases drastically even to less than 2 mm

from 43rd

week (2nd week of November) onward. This trend continues up to

the 16th

week ( end of April ). Weekly rainfall during peak monsoon season

varies between 39 to 52 mm. During Monsoon season Weekly rainfall

attains its highest value during 8 weeks time ( 5 mm during 23rd

week to

52 mm during 31st week ) while abatement takes place in 9 weeks time ( 56

mm during 31st week to 4 mm during 40

th week ) .

73.8%

12.8%

6.2%

3.1%3.7% 0.2%

0.1%

%

Fig. 3.1.2 Daily Average Rainfall Distribution in Different Range over Udaipur District

0

9

3.1.3 Monthly Rainfall Description

Monthly normal rainfall distribution of Uaipur district is shown in

Fig.3.1.4 and Fig.3.1.5, Which shows that highest monthly rainfall ( 199

mm , 34% of annual rainfall ) is realized in July. Same amount of

monthly rainfall is also observed during August. The total monthly

rainfall is insignificant ( less than 11 mm ) in all other months of the

year except monsoon months ( June to September ) . The monthly

rainfall during June and September is 65mm and 93 mm respectively.

The July and August are the main rainiest months. Monthly rainfall is

about 1% or less of the annual rainfall in the each month during the

period from November to April . It is 2% in the months of October .

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 12 1 1

4 51

4 16

29

39

47

43

47

52

49

45

41

40

38

20

14

14

4 3 3 1 1 1 13

1 0 0 1 0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

01

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

81

92

02

12

22

32

42

52

62

72

82

93

03

13

23

33

43

53

63

73

83

94

04

14

24

34

44

54

64

74

84

95

05

15

2

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Weeks

Fig. 3.1.3 Weekly Normal Rainfall Udaipur District

Normal Rainfall

10

3.1.4 Seasonal / Annual Rainfall Description

Seasonal and annual normal rainfall distribution along with their

variability (in terms of Standard Deviation & Coefficient of Variation )

are shown in Fig. 3.1.6 and Fig. 3.1.7. Total annual normal rainfall of

Udaipur district is 586 mm with 31% coefficient of variation ( CV ).

2 2 2 2 7

65

199 198

93

10 6 2

587

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

MonthsFig. 3.1.4 Monthly Normal Rainfall Udaipur District

Normal Rainfall

JAN0%

FEB0%

MAR1%

APR1% MAY

1%

JUN11%

JUL34%AUG

33%

SEP16%

OCT2%

NOV1%

DEC0%

Fig.3.1.5 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Udaipur District

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

11

Total rainfall during Winter season is lowest ( 12 mm ) among all

seasons. The rainfall is rather more in Summer (11 mm ) and Post

Monsoon ( 16 mm ) seasons than winter. . A drastic increase in rainfall is

observed from summer ( 11 mm ) to monsoon season ( 554 mm ). The

highest (CV 155 % ) rainfall variability is observed in Post Monsoon

season, while the lowest ( CV 34 %) in Monsoon season. About 94% of

the annual rainfall is realised during the monsoon season. The

contribution of winter , Summer and post monsoon seasons rainfall are

1%, 2% and 3% respectively.

5 11

554

16

586

8 16

187

25

184

15

1

14

3

34

15

5

31

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon Annual

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Seasons

Fig. 3.1.6 Seasonal / Annual Rain and Variability

Normal rain SD CV

Winter1%

Summer2%

Monsoon94%

Post monsoon3%

Fig. 3.1.7 Seasonal Rainfall Distribution - Udaipur District

Winter Summer Monsoon Post monsoon

12

3.2 Rainy days

Annual variation of rainy days is shown in Fig. 3.2.1. The normal

annual rainy days in the Udaipur district are about 96 days. The

lowest (58) rainy days were observed during the year 2000 and the

highest (145) days during the year 1961. Weekly normal rainy days are

less than 1 day during the whole year except the monsoon season .

During 27th

to 34th

week the normal weekly rainy days are about 5 to 6

days . On the other hand , there are instances during winter , summer

and post Monsoon seasons when more than 5 days of the week (8th

, 12th

,

16th

17th,

46th

, 47th , 51th

) observed as rainy days (Fig.3.2.2) .

96

13

19

29

21

45

96

115

10

88

88

81

19

8464

12

21

04

77

116

10

81

26

11

2 11

61

23

11

79

81

34

12

41

26

86

76

6778

10

99

71

23

70

82

82

10

77

6 78

11

08

6 89

58

87

738

97

97

99

99

29

17

51

04

869

1

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

19

57

19

58

19

59

19

60

19

61

19

62

1963

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

1968

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

1973

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

1987

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

1992

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

2006

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

2011

20

12

Day

s

Years

Fig. 3.2.1 Annual Rainy days Udaipur District

Rainy days Mean

13

3.3 Probability distribution of Weekly Rainfall

The weekly probability distribution of rainfall over Udaipur district

is shown in Fig.3.3.1. The prbability of weekly rain less than 5 mm

during the periods 1st to 22

nd week and 42

nd to 52

nd week is only 25%.

The probability of weekly rain less than 15 mm is more than 75%

during peak monsoon season.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

No

o

f D

ays

WeeksFig. 3.2.2 Weekly Rainy Days Udaipur District

max rainy days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91

0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Weeks

Fig. 3.3.1 Weekly Probability Distribution of Rain

25% probability of rain 50% probabilty of rain 75% Probability of rain 90 % probaility of rain

14

Year to year weekly rainfall distribtion over Udaipur district is

shown in Fig. 3.3.2 . Out of 52 weeks in a year, normally, 24 weeks gets

rainfall . The distribution among weeks is: 11 weeks between 0.1 and 5 mm ;

3 weeks between 5 and 10 mm ; 2 weeks between 10 and 15 mm; 2 weeks

between 15 and 20 mm ; 2 weeks between 20 and 50 mm ; 1 weeks between

50 and 100 mm and only 0.4 weeks between 100 and 150 mm rainfall.

However, 2 week had also observed between 150 to 200 mm rainfall. The

average weekly rainfall in different ranges is shown in Fig.3.3.3. In

about 74% cases the weekly rainfall observed is less than 5 mm. The

rainfall range is 5 to 10 mm in 13% cases ; 10 to 15 mm in 6% cases ; 15

to 20 mm in 3% cases ; 20 to 50 mm in 4% cases ; 50 to 100 mm in 0 .2% ;

100 mm to 150 mm in 0.1 % cases and in 150 mm to 200 mm in only 0.01

% cases.

1

6

11

16

21

26

31

36

41

46

19

61

19

62

1963

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

1973

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

1983

1984

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

1994

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

2004

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Wee

ks

Years

Fig. 3.3.2 Weekly Rainfall Distribution

Rain > 200 mm 150

15

Weekly Probability distribution of dry ( rain < 5mm ) and

wet ( rain > 5 mm ) weeks under different conditions are shown in Fig.

3.3.4. It can be concluded that chances of dry weather during different

weeks of winter, first half of summer and post monsoon seasons are more

than 80% . Probability of two successive wet weeks is less than 20%

during these seasons. Chances of rainy weeks gradually increase from

20% (22nd

week) to more than 90% ( 30th

week ) . The probability of

wet week during July and August months lies between 90 to 100%. The

chances of two successive wet weeks is about 60 to 80% during these

two months . The probability of wet week when its preceding week is

dry, is also very high ( more than 90% ) during these two months. All

these prbabilitites gradually deceases after 33rd

week onward and become

even less than 20% during 40th

week .

73.8%

12.8%

6.2%

3.1%3.7% 0.2%

0.1%

%

Fig. 3.3.3 Daily Average Rainfall Distribution in Different Range over Udaipur District

0

16

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

Pro

bab

ility

Weeks

Fig .3.4.5 Probabilities of Dry and Wet Weeks Rain - (Dry< 25 mm ) & ( Wet > 25 mm)

Probability of Dry Week Probability of Wet WeekProbability of Dry/Wet Week Probability of Wet/ Wet WeekProbability of Wet/Dry Week Probability of Dry/Dry Week

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

Pro

bab

ility

Weeks

Fig.3.3.4 Probabilities of Dry and Wet Weeks (Dry < 5mm) &(Wet > 5mm)

Probability of Dry Week Probability of Wet Week Probability of wet/wet week

Probability of Dry/Wet Week Probability of Dry / Dry Week Probability of Wet / Dry Week

17

CHAPTER-IV

====================================================

Winter Season

Winter season over the district begins from December and

last up to the month of February. Peak winters are observed in the month

of January. Rainfall is realised over the district while passing of western

disturbances over the nortern parts of Rajasthan interacting with easterly

waves from south .

4.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution over Udaipur district is shown in

Fig.4.1.1. The lowest ( 31%) monthly rainfall is realised in February, the

highest (37%) is realised in January and about 32% in the month of

December. Almost similar pattern is observed in all months during the

winter season.

The variability of monthly rainfall during winter season is

shown in Fig. 4.1.2 . It can be conluded that during this season the

total rainfall is less than 35 mm. During February month the total rainfall

does not exceed 16mm while in December and January the total monthly

rainfall does not exceed 25 mm. After 1996, no rainfall has practically been

observed over this district during December and January months .

DEC32%

JAN37%

FEB31%

Fig.4.1.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Winter Season

DEC JAN FEB

18

4.2 Seasonal Rainfall distribution

Seasonal rainfall variability during winter season, as shown in

Fig. 4.2.1 indicates that long period average ( LPA) of winter rainfall is

only 5mm with Coefficient of Variation 151%. The highest rainfall ( 34

mm ) of this season was observed during the year 1980 while no rainfall

during a number of years (37%) . Most of the years have no rain.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

19

57

19

58

1959

19

60

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

1967

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

1974

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

1982

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

1989

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

1997

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

2005

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

2012

Rai

nfa

ll (m

m)

years

Fig. 4.1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Winter Season

Feb Rain Jan Rain Dec Rain

0

10

20

30

40

50

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Years

Fig. 4.2.1 Total Rainfall - Winter Season

Rainfall (mm)

19

CHAPTER – V

===============================================

Summer Season

May is the main summer month of this season over the

district. This season begins from the month of March and last upto May.

The duration of this season is also of three months. Rainfall , during this

season is generally observed in the wake of thundery activities associated

with dust storm during afternoon or night hours.

5.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution during Summer season is as shown

in Fig. 5.1.1 which indicates that about 61% rainfall of this season is

observed during May, 21% in March and 18% in April . April is the

driest month of this season.

Year to year variability of monthly rain during summer

season is as shown in Fig. 5.1.2 which reveals that monthly rainfall is

not significant ( less than 10 mm ) during March and April. However , the

rainfall variability during these months is slightly higher. Total monthly

rainfall during May has also not exceeded 32 mm during the study

period. During the years 1967, March month received about 95 mm

of rainfall, which is ever recoreded highest monthly rainfall of this month.

Total seasonal rainfall during this year also remained of the order of

MAR21%

APR18%

MAY61%

Fig. 5.1.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Summer Season

MAR APR MAY

20

98 mm, which is again the highest rainfall of the season. During the

study period lowest rainfall of the season has been insignificant or nil

during the years 1958, 1969, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1995, 2003 and 2010.

5.2 Seasonal rainfall distribution

Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig. 5.2.1. From

which it can be concluded that average summer season rainfall of

Udaipur district is 11 mm. The highest ( 98 mm ) seasonal rainfall was

observed during the year, 1967 while the lowest ( 0 mm ) during the

years 1969, 1980, 1984, 2003 and 2010 . During early part of the season

the rainfall is not signficant, however, during the later part rainfall

increases considerably due to convective activities.

0102030405060708090

100110

19

57

19

58

19

59

1960

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

1968

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

1975

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

1983

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

1991

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

1999

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

2007

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

YearsFig. 5.1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Summer Season

May Rain April Rain March Rain

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(m

m)

YearsFig. 5.2.1 Summer Season Rainfall Udaipur District

summer rain

21

CHAPTER-VI

====================================================

Monsoon Season

This is the main rainy period in the district. Most of the gross rainfall is observed during this season only. Generally monsoon sets over

the district during the 3rd

week of June and last upto the end of September.

Period from June to September is considered as the Monsoon season for

the district. Rainfall during this season is observed by the Low

pressure systems formed in the Bay of Bengal and moving from east to

NW direction and oscillation of the Monsoon trough from north to south

direction from normal position. Heavy rainfall over the district is

generally realised with the interation of western disturbances ( moving

from west to east ) and low pressure areas from Bay of Bengal over and

around the district. During some years low pressure areas formed over the

north Arabian sea and their movement toward SE Rajasthan also give very

good amount of rainfall over this district.

6.1 Onset and Withdrawl of Monsoon

Monsoon generally sets over the Udaipur district during third

week of June and withdraws during last week of September. The

year to year variability is shown in Fig. 6.1.1 below.

252

72

825

28

25 252

826 26

28

2627 27

252

826 26 26

28 2825

262

825

26 26 2526

2425 25 24

26 2624 24

2624 24

28

37

38 37

39 38

393

73

9 38 37

37

39 38 38 38 3

74

04

03

738 38

39 38 38 38

39

394

038 38 3

738

41

39

41

39

39

39 38 38

39

20

25

30

35

40

45

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Wee

k n

um

be

r

Years

Fig. 6.1.1 Onset and Withdrawl of Monsoon Udaipur District

Onset week Withdrawl week Mean Onset Mean Withwradl

22

6.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution during monsoon season is as

shown in Fig. 6.2.1. Only 12% and 17% rainfall of this season is

observed during the month of June and September respectively. July and

August are the main rainy months . Both these months receive about 71%

rainfall of the season. July gets the highest (36%) while August receives

about 35% rainfall of the season.

Variability of Monthly rainfall for all the four months together

and each month separately are shown in Fig. 6.2.2 to Fig 6.2.6. The

highest monthly rainfall realised during June, July, August and September

months are 218 mm( year 1980 ), 426mm (year 1991), 682 mm ( year 2006)

and 413 mm ( year 1973) and the lowest monthly rainfall observed are

2.0mm ( year 1965 ), 02mm ( year 2002) , 00 mm ( year 1969 ) and 00mm

( years 1986 ) respectively.

JUN12%

JUL36%

AUG35%

SEP17%

Fig. 6.2.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Monsoon Season

JUN JUL AUG SEP

0100200300400500600700800900

100011001200130014001500

Rain

fall

in

m

m

YearsFig.6.2.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution Monsoon Season

June Rainfall July Rainfall August Rainfall September Rainfall

23

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(mm

)

Years

Fig.6.2.3 Monthly Total Rainfall June

June Rainfall

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

( m

m)

Years

Fig.6.2.4 Monthly Total Rainfall July

July Rain

24

6.3 Seasonal rainfall distribution

Variability of the seasonal rainfall is shown in Fig.6.3.1.The

average seasonal rainfall of the Udaipur district is about 554 mm with

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(

mm

)

Years

Fig. 6.2.5 Monthly Total Rainfall August

August Rainfall

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

440

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(m

m )

YearsFig.6.2.6 Monthly Total Rainfall September

September Rainfall

25

CV 34%. The highest (1286 mm) rainfall was realised during the year

1973 and the lowest ( 173 mm ) during 1986. The year 1969, 1986 and

1987 were the severe drought years and 1976 and 2006 were the excess

rainfall years for this district .

6.4 Monsoon Duration

Annual duration of monsoon is shown in Fig. 6.4.1 which reveals

that average duration of monsoonal rain over the district is about 12.4

weeks. However , the shortest duration of 9 weeks was observed during

the years 1974, 1982 and 1987 while the longest duration of 17 weeks

during the year 2004.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

13001957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

in

m

m

YearsFig. 6.3.1 Monsoon Rainfall ( June to September ) Udaipur District

Monsoon Rainfall

12 1

19

14

101

412 1

11

2 11

913

11

11

139

14

14

11 10 10

14

12

1013 13 13

15

12

14

12

131

713

15 15 1513

14

141

1

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

197

21

973

197

419

751

976

197

71

978

197

91

980

198

11

982

198

319

841

985

198

61

987

198

819

891

990

199

11

992

199

31

994

199

51

996

199

719

981

999

200

02

001

200

220

032

004

200

52

006

200

72

008

200

92

010

201

120

12

Wee

ks

Years

Fig. 6.4.1 Monsoon Duration Udaipur District

Monsoon Duration

26

CHAPTER -VII

=====================================================

Post Monsoon Season

After withdrawl of Monsoon from the district/ state the dry and

hot weather prevails over the Udaipur district in October and November.

This period of two months is referred to as the Post Monsoon season.

Some times , rainfall is also realised over the district during this season

either by the western disturbances moving from west to east or late

withdrawl of south-west Monsoon.

7.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution is shown in Fig.7.1.1 which reveals

that about 59% of the seasonal rainfall of this season is realised

during the month of October and rest (41% ) during November .

A large variability is observed in the monthly rainfall of

October. Althogh, the variability is insignificant for November. Generally

rainfall is not realised in November. The Highest ( 92.7mm ) monthly

total rainfall of this season has been observed during October, 1998,

OCT59%

NOV41%

Fig. 7.1.1 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Post Monsoon Season

OCT NOV

27

while the corresponding figure for November is 78.3 mm ( year 1979 )

Fig. 7.1.2.

7.2 Seasonal rainfall distribution

Seasonal rainfall variability during post monsoon period is shown

in Fig. 7.2.1. It shows that the average rainfall of post monsoon season

over Udaipur district is only 16 mm with CV 155%. This season has a

highest rainfall variability among all seasons. The highest ( 93 mm )

rainfall was recorded during the year 1998 and the lowest (0.0 mm )

during a number of years.

0102030405060708090

100

19

57

19

58

19

59

19

60

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

Rin

fall

( m

m)

Years

Fig. 7.1.2 Monthly Rainfall Distribution - Post Monsoon Season

November Rain October Rain

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Rain

fall

(m

m)

Years

Fig. 7.2.1 Post Monsoon Season Rainfall Udaipur District

post monsoon rain

28

CHAPTER - VIII

====================================================

Annual rainfall features

8.1 Udaipur district

Annual rainfall variability is shown in Fig. 8.1.1 and Fig. 8.1.2,

from which it can be concluded that the average annual rainfall of

Udaipur district is 586 mm with CV 31%. The highest ( 1294 mm )

rainfall was realised during the year 1973 and the lowest ( 254 mm )

during 1969. The annual rainfall during 1973 was about 121% more

than the long period average (586 mm). During past 56 years, annual

total rainfall remained excess ( rain> 19% of LPA ) in 10 years , normal in

34 years ( rain< 19% to>-19% of LPA ) , deficit in 11 years ( rain -20% to-

59% of LPA ) and scanty in 1 year ( rain

29

8.2 Tehsil wise rainfall distribution

The tehsil-wise annual normal rainfall and rainy days are shown

in Fig. 8.2.1 and Fig. 8.2.2, which shows that the annual normal rainfall

of different tehsils of Udaipur district varies between 518mm to

801mm. Kotra and Salumber tehsils observed highest annual rainfall of

the order of 700 to 800 mm while Rishabdeo tehsil observed only 518

mm ( lowest in the district). The annual tehsil wise rainy days within the

district varies between 26 to 35 days. The highest ( 35 days ) is observed

again in Kotra tehsil and the lowest ( 26 days ) in Rishabdeo tehsil. The

average annual rainy days of Udaipur district are 30 days with

variability of 9 % ( Coefficient of variability )

The rainfall variability within the Udaipur district fluctuates between

12% and 41%. The lowest 12% variability was observed during the year

1981 and the highest (41%) in the years 1967 and 2007. The rainfall

variability in different tehsils also fluctuates between 32% to 43%. The

lowest variability is observed in Girwa tehsil while the highest in Kotra.

This variability is of the same order in Kotra , Jhadol and Gogunda

tehsils (Fig.8.2.3 and Fig 8.2.4).

-12

2-1

7-1

725

-9-1

13

-23

-39

16

-7-5

829

-8-3

8121

-27

30 36

17

11

-13

0-4

-14

34

-1-1

4-6

9-4

24 3

36

-210

6-3

6 -28

15

6 11

-32

-33

0-3

42

-68

91

2-6

029 4

214

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

% D

ep

art

ure

Years

Fig. 8.1.2 %Deparure of Annual Rainfall from LPALPA : 586.5 MM

% Dep Annual …

30

608633

608

801

604 598

692

594

536518

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

Gir

wa

Go

gun

da

Val

lab

hn

agar

Ko

tra

Mav

li

Jhad

ol

Salu

mb

er

Kh

erw

ara

Sara

ra

Ris

hab

de

o

Rai

nfa

ll( m

m)

Thesils

Fig. 8.2.1 Average Annual rainfall within Udaipur district Mean -- 620 mm , CV -- 12 %

Average rainfall

3233

30

35

3031

32

30

27

26

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

Gir

wa

Go

gun

da

Val

lab

hn

agar

Ko

tra

Mav

li

Jhad

ol

Salu

mb

er

Kh

erw

ara

Sara

ra

Ris

hab

deo

Rai

ny

day

s

Tehsils

Fig. 8.2.2 Average Annual rainy days within Udaipur district Mean -- 31 days CV -- 9%

Rainy days

31

2627

34

28

24

20

2425

35

3941

2526

2220

18

27

19

26

18

36

14

1920

12

1714

2426

24

35

30

16

20

24

31

242321

1920

14

18

24

1518

31

192018

41

36

14

21

14

26

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

451

95

71

95

81

95

91

96

01

96

11

96

219

6319

641

96

51

96

61

96

71

96

81

96

91

97

01

97

11

97

21

97

31

97

41

97

51

97

619

7719

781

97

91

98

01

98

11

98

21

98

31

98

41

98

51

98

61

98

71

98

81

98

91

99

019

911

99

21

99

31

99

41

99

51

99

61

99

71

99

81

99

92

00

02

00

12

00

22

00

320

0420

052

00

62

00

72

00

82

00

92

01

02

01

12

01

2

C V

%

Years

Fig. 8.2.3 Intra annual Variability of rainfall within Udaipur district

Variability

32

42

37

43

34

42

35 3433

38

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Gir

wa

Go

gun

da

Val

lab

hn

agar

Ko

tra

Mav

li

Jhad

ol

Salu

mb

er

Kh

erw

ara

Sara

ra

Ris

hab

deo

C V

%

Thesils

Fig. 8.2.4 Tehsil Wise Rainfall Variability of Udaipur District

Variability

32

CHAPTER –IX

=====================================================

Extreme rainfall

The extreme rainfall observed on different temporal scales over

different stations of the Udaipur district are shown in Fig. 9.1 to Fig.

9.1.2. The highest ( 2068 mm ) and lowest (140 mm) annual rainfall were

realized in Kotra and Vallabhnagar tehsils . One day highest rainfall of

145 mm on 8 September , 1994 over Udaipur ; 177 mm on 30 June ,1983

over Girwa ; 205 mm on 2nd

August, 2006 over Gogunda ; 190 mm on 11

July, 2012 over Vallabhnagar ; 252 mm on 1st September, 1973 over

Kotra ; 228 mm on 30 June , 1983 over Mavli ; 282 mm on 1 September ,

1973 over Jhadol ; 300 mm on 8 September, 1973 over Salumber ; 182mm

on 16 August , 2006 over Kherwara ; 159 mm on 8 September, 1973 over

Sarara and 1089 mm on 16 August , 2006 over Rishabdeo was recorded.

1118

1670

1416

2068

1189

14751557

13321155 1089

206 265 140 191275 194 262 261 187 246

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Tehsils

Fig. 9.1 Highest and Lowest annual rainfall

Highest annual rainfall

33

106

70

49

102

66

44

94

5850

44

106

137

50

7989

31

107

44

110

6673

90

49

7075

119

47

96

111105

6462

82

6459

127

58

145

63

110

140

514942

77

55

89

59

113

142

59

7784

93

4542

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

24 A

ug

ust

1957

25 S

ep

tem

ber

1958

9 S

ep

tem

ber

1959

6 A

ug

ust

1960

4 J

uly

1961

14 A

ug

ust

1962

6 J

uly

1963

7 J

uly

1964

30 ju

ly 1

965

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

29A

ug

ust

1967

1A

ug

ust

1968

5A

ug

ust

1969

23 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

18 A

ug

ust

1972

27 A

ug

ust

1973

27 M

ay

1974

29 J

un

e 1

975

26 A

ug

ust

1976

29 J

un

e 1

977

20 J

un

e 1

978

22 N

ov

em

ber

1979

3 J

uly

1980

10 J

uly

1981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1983

6 J

uly

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

24 J

uly

1986

21 A

ug

ust

1987

25 A

ug

ust

1988

24 A

ug

ust

1989

26 S

ep

tem

ber

1990

26 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

18 J

uly

1993

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1994

16 J

uly

1995

9 A

ug

ust

1996

19 J

uly

1997

17 S

ep

tem

ber

1998

19 J

uly

1999

21 J

uly

2000

11 J

uly

2001

29 J

un

e 2

002

24Ju

ly 2

003

18Ju

ly 2

004

28 J

uly

2005

19 A

ug

ust

2006

4 J

uly

2007

11 J

uly

2008

9 A

ug

ust

2010

14 A

ug

ust

2009

7 J

un

e 2

011

30 M

ay

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years Fig. 9.2 Highest one day rainfall Udaipur

Highest one day rainfall

10

670

49

507

345

96

56 50 44

80

95

407

6 764

29

45

1 44687

083

33

82

47

971

70

85

93

50

237

31

02

65 64

15

37

38

54

376

64 55 4976 76

51

79

641

04

13

04

78

463

72

12

7 11

5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

24 A

ug

ust

1957

25 S

ep

tem

ber

1958

9 A

ug

ust

1959

8 A

ug

ust

1960

17 S

ep

tem

ber

1961

11 J

uly

1962

6 J

uly

1963

7 J

uly

1964

30 J

uly

1965

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

25 M

arc

h 1

967

1 A

ug

ust

1968

21 J

uly

1969

23 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

11 J

un

e 1

972

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1973

2 J

uly

1974

13 J

uly

1975

26 A

ug

ust

1976

19 J

uly

1977

15 J

uly

1978

19 N

ov

em

ber

1979

4 A

ug

ust

1980

10 J

uly

1981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

30 J

un

e 1

983

6 J

uly

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

24 J

uly

1986

12 D

ecem

ber

1987

5 A

ug

ust

1988

14 A

ug

ust

1989

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1990

31 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

8 J

uly

1993

20 A

ug

ust

1994

30 J

uly

1995

16 J

uly

1996

19 J

uly

1997

17 S

ep

tem

ber

1998

21 J

un

e 1

999

9 J

un

e 2

000

11 J

uly

2001

29 J

un

e 2

002

24 J

uly

2003

30 S

ep

tem

ber

2004

28 J

uly

2005

1 A

ug

ust

2006

8 A

ug

ust

2007

16 S

ep

tem

ber

2008

23 J

uly

2009

5 J

uly

2010

12 S

ep

tem

ber

2011

11 J

uly

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.3 Highest one day rainfall Girwa

Highest one day rain

34

79

33.8 3263.5

83.147.25

45

61

16

97

12

21

88

476

77

234.1

17

93

96

788

65

82

65

79 67

87

18

05

01

40

43

70 658

46

46

81

77

83

64 55

62

67

425

7 5380

38

80

28

1492

05

60

42

60

89

60

152

0

50

100

150

200

250

23 A

ug

ust

1957

25 S

ep

tem

ber

1958

10 A

ug

ust

1959

17 A

ug

ust

1960

11 S

ep

tem

ber

1961

18 J

uly

1962

6 J

uly

1963

11 A

ug

ust

1964

18 J

uly

1965

7 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

7 S

ep

tem

ber

1967

1 A

ug

ust

1968

16 J

uly

1969

31 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

2 J

uly

1972

24 A

ug

ust

1973

21 A

ug

ust

1974

29 J

un

e 1

975

12 J

uly

1976

11 J

uly

1977

17 A

ug

ust

1978

18 J

uly

1979

3 J

uly

1980

17 A

ug

ust

1981

15 A

ug

ust

1982

30 J

un

e 1

983

12 A

ug

ust

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

25 J

uly

1986

12 D

ecem

ber

1987

5 A

ug

ust

1988

10 J

un

e 1

989

26 S

ep

tem

ber

1990

27 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

18 J

uly

1993

13 A

ug

ust

1994

26 J

uly

1995

16 J

uly

1996

20 J

uly

1997

10 J

un

e 1

998

14 M

ay

1999

14 A

ug

ust

2000

14 J

un

e 2

001

24 A

ug

ust

2002

16 J

uly

2003

8 A

ug

ust

2004

24 S

ep

tem

ber

2005

20 A

ug

ust

2006

20 J

un

e 2

007

12 A

ug

ust

2008

24 J

un

e 2

009

14 A

ug

ust

2010

10 J

uly

2011

8 S

ep

tem

ber

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.4 Highest one day rainfall Gogunda

Highest one day rain

95

12

66

98

96

47

2 718

44

79

87

01

29

45

10

31

15

36

92

54

56

10

76

59

11

16

72

85 7

78

77

01

24 1

12

47

82 7

5 701

10

15

95

31

21

80

56

70

78

47

48

14

26

37

3 64

11

01

64

82

52

68

89

11

61

90

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

11A

ug

ust

1957

8 J

uly

1958

17 A

ug

ust

1959

9 A

ug

ust

1960

16 S

ep

tem

ber

1961

20 S

ep

tem

ber1

96

27 S

ep

tem

ber

1963

7 J

uly

1964

30 J

uly

1965

9 A

ug

ust

1966

25 M

arc

h 1

967

2 A

ug

ust

1968

21 J

uly

1969

23 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

23 J

un

e 1

972

3 S

ep

tem

ber

1973

20 A

ug

ust

1974

29 J

un

e 1

975

4 A

ug

ust

1976

29 J

un

e 1

977

14 J

uly

1978

7 A

ug

ust

1979

27 J

un

e 1

980

24 S

ep

tem

ber

1980

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

30 J

un

e 1

983

5 J

uly

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

24 A

ug

ust

1986

22 A

ug

ust

1987

14 J

uly

1988

3 J

uly

1989

3 A

ug

ust

1990

26 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

16 J

uly

1993

21 A

ug

ust

1994

8 J

an

uary

1995

16 J

uly

1996

1 A

ug

ust

1997

2 A

ug

ust

1998

5 S

ep

tem

ber

1999

13 J

uly

2000

11 J

uly

2001

29 J

un

e 2

002

24 J

uly

2003

18 J

uly

2004

28 J

uly

2005

20 A

ug

ust

2006

23 A

ug

ust

2007

5 A

ug

ust

2008

14 A

ug

ust

2009

26 J

uly

2010

25 A

ug

ust

2011

11 J

uly

2012

Rai

nfa

ll i

n

mm

Years

Fig. 9.5 Highest one day rainfall Vallabhnagar

Highest one day rainfall

35

90

.25

8.2

52

.36

08

5.3

13

1.6

74

10

07

71

33

17

02

00

12

09

01

50

75

25

29

71

17

77

11

46

1 541

12

95

52

14

0 11

61

36

78 6

51

61

63

13

4 11

72

08

16

41

34

89 87 7

58

54

29

3 78

10

81

16

77

13

72

76 2

54

71

82

63

23

31

48

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

23 A

ug

ust

1957

30 J

un

e 1

958

3 J

uly

1959

6 J

uly

1960

3 J

uly

1961

17 A

ug

ust

1962

29 J

uly

1963

18 A

ug

ust

1964

28 A

ug

ust

1965

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

24 J

uly

1967

2 A

ug

ust

1968

4 J

uly

1969

6 J

uly

1970

30 J

uly

1971

24 A

ug

ust

1972

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1973

1 A

ug

ust

1974

15 A

ug

ust

1975

29 J

uly

1976

26 J

uly

1977

10 J

uly

1978

16 J

uly

1979

6 A

ug

ust

1980

28 J

un

e 1

981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

1 J

uly

1983

5 A

ug

ust

1984

17 J

uly

1985

25 J

uly

1986

17 J

uly

1987

6 A

ug

ust

1988

27 A

ug

ust

1989

5 J

uly

1990

31 J

uly

1991

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1992

18 J

uly

1993

20 A

ug

ust

1994

25 J

uly

1995

22 A

pri

l 1996

2 A

ug

ust

1997

27 A

ug

ust

1998

1 A

ug

ust

1999

14 J

uly

2000

30 M

ay

2001

16 J

un

e 2

002

29 J

uly

2003

16 J

un

e 2

004

2 A

ug

ust

2005

20 A

ug

ust

2006

4 J

uly

2007

13 A

ug

ust

2008

23 J

uly

2009

25 J

uly

2010

10 A

ug

ust

2011

11 J

uly

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.6 Highest one day rainfall Kotra

Highest one day rainfall

11

785

71

5464

93

75

55

37

4053

81

52

96

6735

11

05

57

055

60

70

781

53

8688

22

882

11

1112

55 4

65

26870

20

29

01

00

55

608

750 45

5895

48 457

01

89

1509

31

35

16

51

21

931

05

0

50

100

150

200

250

23 A

ug

ust

1957

16 J

uly

1958

10 A

ug

ust

1959

19 A

ug

ust

1960

17 J

uly

1961

13 A

ug

ust

1962

7 S

ep

tem

ber

1963

25 J

uly

1964

29 J

uly

1965

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

25 M

arc

h 1

967

1 A

ug

ust

1968

21 J

uly

1969

10 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

30 J

un

e 1

972

3 S

ep

tem

ber

1973

4 A

ug

ust

1974

12 J

uly

1975

12 J

uly

1976

25 A

ug

ust

1977

14 J

uly

1978

7 A

ug

ust

1979

3 J

uly

1980

10 J

uly

1981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

30 J

un

e 1

983

8 J

uly

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

24 J

uly

1986

15 J

uly

1987

5 A

ug

ust

1988

15 A

ug

ust

1989

26 S

ep

tem

ber

1990

26 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

16 J

uly

1993

12 A

ug

ust

1994

30 J

uly

1995

17 A

ug

ust

1996

19 J

uly

1997

1 J

uly

1998

14 J

un

e 1

999

13 A

ug

ust

2000

3 J

uly

2001

29 J

un

e 2

002

29 J

uly

2003

1 A

ug

ust

2004

3 A

ug

ust

2005

20 A

ug

ust

2006

10 J

uly

2007

30 J

un

e 2

008

11 J

uly

2009

14 A

ug

ust

2010

9 A

ug

ust

2011

11 J

uly

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.7 Highest one day rainfall Mavli

Highest one day rainfall

36

84 76 6

577 71

53

89

64

91

72

74

179

50

93

110

69

282

54

78

115

63

86

39

98

43

54

142

55

129

57

37

93

106

60

136

145

98

175

66

88

118

62

72

77

49

90 7

755

188

114

86

69 67

95

101 96

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

24 A

ugust

1957

8 J

uly

1958

5 J

uly

1959

4 J

uly

1960

14 S

epte

mb

er

1961

13 A

ugust

1962

7 S

epte

mb

er

1963

4 J

uly

1964

20 J

uly

1965

23 J

une 1

966

4 A

ugust

1967

2 A

ugust

1968

21July

1969

23 A

ugust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

6 J

uly

1972

1 S

epte

mb

er

1973

8 J

uly

1974

15 A

ugust

1975

12 J

uly

1976

19 J

uly

1977

14 J

uly

1978

5 A

ugust

1979

3 A

ugust

1980

17 A

ugust

1981

9 N

ovem

ber

1982

9 S

epte

mb

er

1983

4 A

ugust

1984

1 A

ugust

1985

25 J

uly

1986

15 A

ugust

1987

6 A

ugust

1988

27 A

ugust

1989

5 J

uly

1990

26 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

8 J

uly

1993

20 A

ugust

1994

22 J

uly

1995

28 J

uly

1996

25 J

une 1

997

5 J

uly

1998

22 J

une 1

999

9 J

une 2

000

3 J

uly

2001

1 S

epte

mb

er

2002

29 J

uly

2003

1 A

ugust

2004

2 A

ugust

2005

19 A

ugust

2006

4 J

uly

2007

30 J

une 2

008

17 J

uly

2009

1 A

ugust

2010

12 S

epte

mb

er

2011

11 J

uly

2012

Rain

fall

in

m

m

Years

Fig. 9.8 Highest one day rainfall Jhadol

Highest one day rainfall

13

11

25

16

2 146

98

54

16

87

44

29

2 841

65

69

93

10

25

63

00

16

21

03

75

83

11

76

7 667

51

00

75 6

21

00

12

39

91

43

96 88

13

49

01

45

14

85

88

96

0 55 528

19

57

21

12

72

13

31

46

87

18

08

6 801

56

80

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

28 J

un

e 1

957

9 J

uly

1958

3 J

uly

1959

3 J

uly

1960

11 S

ep

tem

ber

1961

18 J

uly

1962

11 A

ug

ust

1963

7 J

uly

1964

21 J

uly

1965

20 J

un

e 1

966

25 M

arc

h 1

967

1 A

ug

ust

1968

22 J

uly

1969

3 A

ug

ust

1970

30 J

uly

1971

30 J

un

e 1

972

8 S

ep

tem

ber

1973

20 A

ug

ust

1974

15 A

ug

ust

1975

12 J

uly

1976

28 A

ug

ust

1977

22 A

ug

ust

1978

11 A

ug

ust

1979

27 J

uly

1980

26 J

un

e 1

981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

19 J

uly

1983

4 A

ug

ust

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

24 J

uly

1986

26 A

ug

ust

1987

5 A

ug

ust

1988

20 A

ug

ust

1989

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1990

31 J

uly

1991

28 J

uly

1992

17 J

uly

1993

2 A

ug

ust

1994

31 J

uly

1995

27 J

uly

1996

1 A

ug

ust

1997

12 A

ug

ust

1998

20 S

ep

tem

ber

1999

21 J

uly

2000

11 J

uly

2001

4 S

ep

tem

ber

2002

25 A

ug

ust

2003

13 A

ug

ust

2004

28 J

uly

2005

1 A

ug

ust

2006

30 A

ug

ust

2007

27 J

uly

2008

18 J

uly

2009

10 S

ep

tem

ber

2010

10 A

ug

ust

2011

12 A

ug

ust

2012

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.9 Highest one day rainfall Salumber

Highest one day rainfall

37

10

75

17

91

02

16

44

87

65

73

25

31

03

16

07

2 73 75

50

15

39

79

69

57

45

64

36

01

00

11

76

71

20

82

63

59

98

65 7

09

16

18

91

21

68

38

70

80 8

74

66

58

41

02

70

10

41

82

53 6

0 69 71

11

59

3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

28 J

un

e 1

957

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1958

26 J

uly

1959

6 A

ug

ust

1960

11 S

ep

tem

ber

1961

19 J

uly

1962

7 S

ep

tem

ber

1963

7 J

uly

1964

28 A

ug

ust

1965

7 S

ep

tem

ber

1966

25 M

arc

h 1

967

2 A

ug

ust

1968

5 J

uly

1969

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1970

31 J

uly

1971

29 J

un

e 1

972

18 A

ug

ust

1973

20 S

ep

tem

ber

1974

15 A

ug

ust

1975

13 S

ep

tem

ber

1976

28 J

uly

1977

29 A

ug

ust

1978

22 N

ov

em

ber

1979

27 J

un

e 1

980

9 J

uly

1981

9 N

ov

em

ber

1982

2 A

ug

ust

1983

19 S

ep

tem

ber

1984

1 A

ug

ust

1985

25 J

uly

1986

22 A

ug

ust

1987

6 A

ug

ust

1988

2 S

ep

tem

ber

1989

5 J

uly

1990

20 J

uly

1991

3 A

ug

ust

1992

9 J

uly

1993

2 A

ug

ust

1994

1 S

ep

tem

ber

1995

31 A

ug

ust

1996

30 A

ug

ust

1997

5 J

uly

1998

21 J

un

e 1

999

12 A

ug

ust

2000

16 A

ug

ust

2001

3 S

ep

tem

ber

2002

28 J

uly

2003

1 A

ug

ust

2004

2 A

ug

ust

2005

16 A

ug

ust

2006

9 A

ug

ust

2007

13 A

ug

ust

2008

18 J

uly

2009

16 J

uly

2010

10 A

ug

ust

2011

8 S

ep

tem

ber

2012

Ria

nfa

ll in

mm

Years

Fig. 9.10 Highest one day rainfall Kherwara

Highest one day rainfall

76

.27

2.4

74

.28

9.7

64

.36

3.5

85

.84

3.6

10

15

3 55

10

93

87

01

08

50

.21

59

78

97

90

70

70

70

63

87

.56

07

89

0.7 98

63

96

14

09

43

85

21

25

78

12

55

0 56 6

14

84

56

56

34

0 45

71

13

11

16

57

11

15

77

51

23

99

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

10 J

uly

1957

27 A

ug

ust

1958

3 J

uly

1959

27 J

uly

1960