Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15...Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 1. The Moon’s cycle of phases can be observed from Earth because the Moon A. is smaller than Earth B

Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15

1. The Moon’s cycle of phases can be observed from Earth becausethe Moon

A. is smaller than Earth B. is tilted on its axis

C. rotates on its axis D. revolves around Earth

2. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on theEarth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a model ofthe Earth-Moon system as viewed from above the North Pole.The numbers 1 through 8 represent positions of the Moon asit revolves around Earth. The parts of the diagram lettered Athrough D show hoe the Moon’s phases to an observer in NewYork State.

The time required for the Moon to complete one cycle of phasesis about one

A. day B. week C. month D. year

3. An observer in New York State sees a crescent phase of themoon, as shown.

At which position is the Moon when this crescent is observed?

A. position 6 B. position 2

C. position 8 D. position 4

4. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graphbelow, which shows the maximum altitude of the Moon,measured by an observer located at a latitude of 43◦ N duringJune in a particular year. The names and appearance of the fourmajor Moon phases are shown at the top of the graph, directlyabove the date on which the phase occurred.

Which diagram best represents the Moon’s phase observed onJune 11?

A. B.

C. D.

5. Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the

A. parallelism of the Sun’s axis as the Sun revolves aroundEarth

B. changes in distance between Earth and the Sun

C. elliptical shape of Earth’s orbit around the Sun

D. tilt of Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the Sun

6. During which Northern Hemisphere season is Earth closest tothe Sun?

A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter

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7. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graphbelow and on your knowledge of Earth science. The graphrepresents the duration of insolation at four different latitudes onEarth on four different dates.

The total number of daylight hours during an entire year is

A. greatest at 41◦ N

B. greatest at 41◦ S

C. different at each of the four locations

D. the same at each of the four locations

8. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which represents the elliptical orbit of a planet travelingaround a star. Points A, B, C, and D are four positions of thisplanet in its orbit.

The gravitational attraction between the star and the planet willbe greatest at position

A. A B. B C. C D. D

9. The accompanying diagram represents part of Earth’slatitude-longitude system.

What is the latitude and longitude of point L?

A. 5◦ E 30◦ N B. 5◦ W 30◦ S

C. 5◦ N 30◦ E D. 5◦ S 30◦ W

10. The lines on which set of views best represent Earth’s latitudesystem?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passageand map below. The map shows sections of the Atlantic Ocean,the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.

Shipwreck

In 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun andstars for navigation. The crew thought that the ship was justnorth of Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them offcourse. The ship hit a coral reef and sank off the coast of theDominican Republic. The X on the map marks the location ofthe sunken ship.

What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the sunkenship?

A. 20.5◦ N 70◦ E B. 20.5◦ N 70◦ W

C. 20.5◦ S 70◦ E D. 20.5◦ S 70◦ W

12. The diagram below represents a Foucault pendulum swingingfreely for 8 hours.

The pendulum appears to change its direction of swing becauseof Earth’s

A. tectonic plate movement B. force of gravity

C. rotation D. revolution

13. Which map below shows the most likely storm track for ahurricane ( ) in the Atlantic Ocean?

A.

B.

C.

D.


14. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graphbelow. The graph shows the recorded change in water level(ocean tides) at a coastal city in the northeastern United Statesduring 1 day.

According to the pattern shown on the graph, the next high tidewill occur on the following day at approximately

A. 12:30 am B. 2:00 am C. 3:15 am D. 4:00 am

15. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on theEarth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the orbitsof four planets and Halley’s Comet. The period of revolution isshown for the comet. The orbital positions of Halley’s Cometare shown for the years 1910, 1948, and 1986.

At which of these points in its orbit does Halley’s Comet havethe greatest orbital velocity?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

16. The diagrams below represent Earth’s ocean tides at fourdifferent positions of the Moon. Which diagram shows theMoon position that will produce the highest high tides and thelowest low tides? (The diagrams are not drawn to scale.)

Key

E = Earth H = High tide

M = Moon L = Low tide

A.

B.

C.

D.


17. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the data tables below, and on yourknowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows average planetarydistance from the Sun in astronomical units (AU) and averageorbital speet has been deliberately left blank. Table 2 lists thefive largest asteroids and their average distance from the Sun inastronomical units. A blank graph is provided for student use.

Table 1

Planet AverageDistancefrom Sun

(AU)

AverageOrbitalSpeed

(km/sec)

Mercury 0.4 48.0

Venus 0.7 35.0

Earth 1.0 30.0

Mars 1.5 24.0

Jupiter 5.2 13.0

Saturn 9.6 10.0

Uranus 19.0 7.0

Neptune 30.0

Pluto 39.0 4.7

Table 2

Asteroid Average Distancefrom Sun

(AU)

Vesta 2.4

Juno 2.7

Ceres 2.8

Pallas 2.8

Hygiea 3.2

The asteroids shown in table 2 are located between the orbits of

A. Mercury and Venus B. Earth and Mars

C. Mars and Jupiter D. Neptune and Pluto

18. Ozone is concentrated in Earth’s atmosphere at an altitude of 20to 35 kilometers. Which atmospheric layer contains the greatestconcentration of ozone?

A. mesosphere B. thermosphere

C. troposphere D. stratosphere

19. Almost all of the water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere is containedin the

A. mesosphere B. stratosphere

C. troposphere D. thermosphere

20. Which atmospheric conditions are necessary for condensation?

A. saturated air and dewpoint temperature much lower than airtemperature

B. unsaturated air and dewpoint temperature much higher thanair temperature

C. saturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures

D. unsaturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures

21. Which atmospheric conditions would cause smoke from acampfire on a beach to blow toward the ocean?

A. warm air over the land and cool air over the ocean

B. humid air over the land and dry air over the ocean

C. low-density air over the land and highdensity air over theocean

D. high air pressure over the land and low air pressure overthe ocean

22. Which two gases have been added to Earth’s atmosphere in largeamounts and are believed to have increased global warming byabsorbing infrared radiation?

A. neon and argon

B. chlorine and nitrogen

C. hydrogen and helium

D. methane and carbon dioxide

23. Under which atmospheric conditions will water most likelyevaporate at the fastest rate?

A. hot, humid, and calm B. hot, dry, and windy

C. cold, humid, and windy D. cold, dry, and calm


24. Which pie graph correctly shows the percentage of elements byvolume in Earth’s troposphere?

A.

B.

C.

D.

25. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weatherstation model shown below.

Which statement correctly describes the relative humidity at thisstation?

A. The relative humidity is 0% because the cloud cover is100%.

B. The relative humidity is 100% because the air temperatureand dewpoint are both 48◦ F.

C. The relative humidity is 98.6% because 986 is the symbolfor 98.6%.

D. The relative humidity is 50% because is the symbol for50%.

26. What is the air pressure indicated on the weather station modelshown?

A. 900.6 mb B. 960.0 mb

C. 1000.6 mb D. 1006.0 mb

27. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weatherstation model shown below.

What is the approximate wind direction and windspeed indicatedby the station model?

A. from the northwest at 15 knots

B. from the southeast at 15 knots

C. from the northwest at 25 knots

D. from the southeast at 25 knots

28. The accompanying station model shows the weather conditionsat Massena, New York, at 9 am on a particular day in June.

What was the barometric pressure at Massena 3 hours earlier onthat day?

A. 997.1 mb B. 999.7 mb

C. 1003.3 mb D. 1009.1 mb


29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the mapbelow, which shows sea-level air pressure, in millibars, for aportion of the eastern coast of North America. Points A, B, C,and D are sea-level locations on Earth’s surface.

Which weather instrument was used to measure the air pressures?

A. thermometer B. wind vane

C. sling psychrometer D. barometer

30. The cross section below shows a weather front. The large arrowshows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass.

Which type of weather front is shown?

A. warm front B. cold front

C. occluded front D. stationary front

31. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the graph below, and your knowledgeof Earth science. The graph shows variations in air temperatureand relative humidity for a spring day in Oswego, New York.

What was the approximate relative humidity at 6:00 pm?

A. 11% B. 47% C. 59% D. 71%

32. At what time did the air most likely have the greatest capacityto hold water vapor?

A. 5 am B. 10 am C. 5 pm D. 10 pm

33. The accompanying diagram shows a cross section of a coldfront.

The cloud formation and precipitation shown in the cross sectionare caused by

A. cold air rising and warming

B. cold air sinking and warming

C. warm air rising and cooling

D. warm air sinking and cooling


34. Which graph best shows the relationship between the probabilityof precipitation and the difference between air temperature anddewpoint?

A.

B.

C.

D.

35. The properties of an air mass are mostly determined by the

A. rate of Earth’s rotation

B. direction of Earth’s surface winds

C. source region where the air mass formed

D. path the air mass follows along a land surface

36. Adjacent water and landmasses are heated by the morningSun on a clear, calm day. After a few hours, a surface winddevelops. Which map best represents this wind’s direction?

A. B.

C. D.

37. What is the difference in the air temperature and humiditybetween the cP and mT air masses?

A. The cP air mass is warmer and less humid.

B. The cP air mass is colder and more humid.

C. The mT air mass is warmer and more humid.

D. The mT air mass is colder and less humid.

38. What is the general movement of the surface winds around thecenter of this low-pressure area?

A. counterclockwise and outward

B. counterclockwise and inward

C. clockwise and outward

D. clockwise and inward


39. The accompanying map shows partial weather conditions forweather stations A and B at 4 pm. A weather front is locatedbetween the two stations.

Which graph represents the temperature change that will mostlikely occur at station A as the front passes in the next threehours?

A. B.

C. D.

40. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the weather map below showing partof the United States, and your knowledge of Earth science.

The arrows in the cross sections below represent the generaldirection of air movement. Which cross section along astraight line between Cincinnati and Boston best represents theweather fronts, clouds, precipitation, and general direction of airmovement shown in the map?

A.

B.

C.

D.


41. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the graphbelow, which shows the average daily precipitation for Paris,France, during an 8-year period.

Which days showed the greatest difference in averageprecipitation during this 8-year period?

A. Mondays and Tuesdays

B. Wednesdays and Thursdays

C. Thursdays and Fridays

D. Fridays and Saturdays

42. The map below represents a satellite image of Hurricane Gilbertin the Gulf of Mexico. Each X represents the position of thecenter of the storm on the date indicated.

Compared to its strength on September 16, the strength ofHurricane Gilbert on September 18 was

A. less B. greater C. the same


43. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the weather map below, and your knowledge of Earthscience. The map shows weather systems over the central and eastern United States and weather data for several cities.

Which map correctly shows the movement of surface air associated with the high-pressure and low-pressure systems?

A. B.

C. D.

44. Why are carbon dioxide and water vapor called the greenhousegases?

A. They are found in varying amounts in Earth’s atmosphere

B. They are found in fixed amounts in Earth’s bedrock

C. They are good reflectors of infrared radiation

D. They are good absorbers of infrared radiation

45. Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth mainly by

A. molecular collisions B. density currents

C. electromagnetic waves D. red shifts

46. Ocean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarilycaused by

A. Earth’s revolution around the Sun

B. the changing phases of the Moon

C. the gravitational attraction between the Moon and Earth

D. seasonal changes in the compass location of sunrise


47. The diagram below shows Earth as viewed from space onDecember 21.

The longest duration of insolation on December 21 will occur at

A. 90◦ N B. 30◦ N C. 30◦ S D. 90◦ S

48. How do the rates of warming and cooling of land surfacescompare to the rates of warming and cooling of ocean surfaces?

A. Land surfaces warm faster and cool more slowly.

B. Land surfaces warm more slowly and cool faster.

C. Land surfaces warm faster and cool faster.

D. Land surfaces warm more slowly and cool more slowly.

49. The accompanying table shows the duration of insolation atdifferent latitudes for three different days during the year.

Latitude Day 1Duration ofInsolation

(hours)

Day 2Duration ofInsolation

(hours)

Day 3Duration ofInsolation

(hours)

90◦ N 24 12 0

80◦ N 24 12 0

70◦ N 24 12 0

60◦ N 18 12 12 5 1

2

50◦ N 16 14 12 6 3

4

40◦ N 15 12 9

30◦ N 14 12 10

20◦ N 13 14 12 11 1

2

10◦ N 12 12 12 11 1

2

0◦ N 12 12 12

Which dates are represented most correctly by Day 1, Day 2,and Day 3, respectively?

A. March 21, September 22, December 21

B. June 21, September 22, December 21

C. September 22, December 21, March 21

D. December 21, March 21, June 21

50. The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that is being heatedin a flame.

The primary method of heat transfer in the solid iron bar is

A. convection B. conduction

C. absorption D. advection

51. The accompanying diagram shows the heating of water.

The main method of heat transfer occuring within the water iscalled

A. conduction B. convection

C. radiation D. insolation


52. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagramrepresents four stations, A, B, C, and D, in a laboratoryinvestigation in which equal volumes of sand at the samestarting temperature were heated by identical light sources. Thelight sources were the same distance from each station, but atdifferent angles to the surfaces. Two thermometers were used ateach station, one just above the surface and the other just belowthe surface. The lights were turned on for 30 minutes and thenremoved for the next 30 minutes. Temperatures were recordedeach minute for the 60 minutes.

Most of the energy from the light sources was transferred to thesand by the process of


C. radiation D. transpiration

53. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the mapand graph below. The map shows two cities, Arica and Rio deJaneiro, located on opposite coasts of South America. Bothcities are near sea level. The graph shows the average monthlytemperatures for the cities.

Why does Arica have cooler average monthly temperatures thanRio de Janeiro?

A. Rio de Janeiro receives insolation at a higher angle thanArica.

B. Rio de Janeiro is influenced by a warmer ocean currentthan Arica.

C. Arica is farther north than Rio de Janeiro.

D. Arica receives yearly insolation that is less intense than Riode Janeiro.


54. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heatenergy is trapped in Earth’s atmosphere.

Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiationabsorbed by greenhouse gases?

A. ultraviolet B. visible light

C. infrared D. radio waves

55. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the mapbelow, which shows North American air-mass source regions, theresulting air-mass names, and typical air-mass tracks.

A maritime polar air mass approaching New York State wouldmost likely bring

A. cool, moist air from the north

B. warm, moist air from the south

C. cool, dry air from the southeast

D. warm, dry air from the southeast

56. The accompanying diagram shows the average yearlyprecipitation, in centimeters, at locations A through E across theState of Washington. Arrows indicate the direction of prevailingwinds.

Which statement best explains why location B and location Ereceive relatively low average yearly precipitation?

A. These locations are on the leeward side of mountain ranges.

B. These locations are on the windward side of mountainranges.

C. These locations receive more insolation than the otherlocations.

D. These locations receive less insolation than the otherlocations.

57. The Canaries Current along the west coast of Africa and thePeru Current along the west coast of South America are both

A. warm currents that flow away from the Equator

B. warm currents that flow toward the Equator

C. cool currents that flow away from the Equator

D. cool currents that flow toward the Equator


58. The map below shows the locations of Virginia Beach, Virginia,and Springfield, Missouri.

Virginia Beach experiences cooler summers and warmer wintersthan Springfield because Virginia Beach

A. is located closer to the Atlantic Ocean

B. is located closer to the equator

C. has a greater average yearly duration of insolation

D. has a greater average yearly intensity of insolation

59. Which combination of climate factors generally results in thecoldest temperatures?

A. low elevation and low latitude

B. low elevation and high latitude

C. high elevation and low latitude

D. high elevation and high latitude

60. Arrows on the maps below show differences in the directionof winds in the region of India and the Indian Ocean duringJanuary and July. Isobar values are recorded in millibars.

January July

Heavy monsoon rains usually occur in India during

A. January, when winds blow from the land

B. January, when winds blow toward high pressure

C. July, when winds blow from the ocean

D. July, when winds blow toward high pressure


61. Which graph best represents the average monthly temperaturesfor one year at a location in the Southern Hemisphere?

A.

B.

C.

D.

62. Which natural event temporarily slows or reverses surface oceancurrents in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, causing adisruption of normal weather patterns?

A. monsoons B. volcanic eruptions

C. El Nino D. deforestation

63. Which event is inferred by most scientists to be responsible fora climate change that has recently led to a decrease in the sizeof most glaciers?

A. a decrease in the rate of divergence of lithospheric platesalong a mid-ocean ridge

B. a decrease in the amount of insolation reaching Earth’ssurface

C. an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in Earth’satmosphere

D. an increase in the amount of vegetative cover in the tropics

64. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which has lettered arrows showing the motions of Earthand the Moon.

(Not drawn to scale)

Key

Arrow Motion

A Earth’s rotationon its axis

B Earth’s revolutionaround the Sun

C The Moon’s rotationon its axis

D The Moon’s revolutionaround Earth

Which two motions are completed in about the same amount oftime?

A. A and B B. B and C C. C and D D. A and D


65. What causes many surface winds to deflect to the right in theNorthern Hemisphere?

A. rotation of Earth on its axis

B. unequal heating of Earth’s surface

C. gravitational force of the Moon

D. gravitational force of the Sun

66. During which process does heat transfer occur because of densitydifferences?


C. radiation D. reflection

67. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow of a weather instrument.

Which weather variable is this instrument designed to measure?

A. visibility B. relative humidity

C. dewpoint temperature D. air pressure

68. Why have weather predictions become more accurate and reliablein recent years?

A. Weather conditions now change more slowly than they didin the past

B. More people today watch televised weather reports

C. Scientists have developed better methods of controlling theweather

D. Scientists have developed better technology to observeweather conditions

69. Which weather instrument has most improved the accuracy ofweather forecasts over the past 40 years?

A. thermometer B. sling psychrometer

C. weather satellite D. weather balloon

70. Which weather variable can be determined by using apsychrometer?

A. barometric pressure B. cloud cover

C. relative humidity D. wind speed

71. The weather instrument below can be used to determine relativehumidity.

Based on the temperatures shown, the relative humidity is

A. 19% B. 2% C. 33% D. 40%

72. A weather instrument is shown below.

Which weather variable is measured by this instrument?

A. wind speed B. precipitation

C. cloud cover D. air pressure


73. What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperatureis 12◦ C and the wet-bulb temperature is 7◦ C.

A. 24◦ C B. −5◦ C C. 6◦ C D. 4◦ C

74. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the graph below, and your knowledgeof Earth science. The graph shows variations in air temperatureand relative humidity for a spring day in Oswego, New York.

Which change most likely caused the decrease in relativehumidity between 6:00 am and 3:00 pm?

A. The dewpoint increased

B. The moisture content of the air increased

C. The rate of evaporation increased

D. The air temperature increased

75. A map view of surface air movement in a low-pressure systemis shown.

The air near the center of this low-pressure system usually will

A. evaporate into a liquid

B. reverse direction

C. rise and form clouds

D. squeeze together to form a high-pressure system

76. A student uses a sling psychrometer outdoors on a clear day.The dry-bulb (air) temperature is 10◦ C. The water on the wetbulb will most likely

A. condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be higherthan the air temperature

B. condense, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be equal tothe air temperature

C. evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be lowerthan the air temperature

D. evaporate, causing the wet-bulb temperature to be equal tothe air temperature

77. The incomplete flowchart below shows some of the changes thatoccur in warm air as it rises to form a cloud.

Which statement should be placed in the empty box to accuratelycomplete the flowchart?

A. The air warms as it expands.

B. The air cools until it reaches the dewpoint.

C. The air’s relative humidity decreases to zero.

D. The air enters the thermosphere.

78. A dry-bulb temperature of 30◦ C and a wet-bulb temperature of29◦ C were recorded at a weather station. What are the relativehumidity and the most likely weather conditions?

A. Relative humidity is 29% with clear skies.

B. Relative humidity is 29% with a good chance of snow.

C. Relative humidity is 93% with clear skies.

D. Relative humidity is 93% with a good chance of rain.


79. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the data table below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The data table shows a classificationsystem for hurricanes. A storm surge is a dome of water 65 to80 kilometers wide that sweeps ashore at the coast near thepoint where the storm center (eye) hits the land.

Safir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

HurricaneCategory

Central AirPressure

(mb)

Windspeed(km/hr)

Expected StormSurge Height

(m)

ExpectedDamage

1 over 979 119–153 1.2–1.5 Minimal

2 965–979 154–177 1.6–2.4 Moderate

3 945–964 178–209 2.5–3.6 Extensive

4 920–944 210–250 3.7–5.4 Extreme

5 below 920 over 250 over 5.4 Catastrophic

Which characteristic must a tropical storm have to be classifiedas a hurricane on the Safir-Simpson scale?

A. enough strength to cause catastrophic damage

B. a storm surge of at least 2.0 m

C. central air pressure over 980 mb

D. a windspeed of at least 119 km/hr

80. The accompanying graph shows the total number of deaths permonth caused by lightning in the United States between 1959and 1990.

Based on the information on the graph, which prediction aboutlightning deaths in the United States in the year 2000 would bemost accurate?

A. Most deaths will occur along the eastern coastline.

B. The number of deaths will exceed 900.

C. The greatest number of deaths will occur during summer.

D. Most deaths will be the result of hurricanes.

81. In the United States, most tornadoes are classified as intense

A. low-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise

B. low-pressure funnel clouds that spin counter-clockwise

C. high-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwise

D. high-pressure funnel clouds that spin counterclockwise

82. In the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds around the center ofa hurricane move

A. clockwise and inward

B. clockwise and outward

C. counterclockwise and inward

D. counterclockwise and outward

83. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which represents Earth revolving around the Sun.Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s location in its orbit onthe first day of the four seasons. NP represents the North Pole.

Which location in Earth’s orbit represents the first day ofsummer in New York State?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

84. Clouds usually form when moist air rises because the air

A. contracts and cools B. contracts and warms

C. expands and cools D. expands and warms


85. The accompanying cartoon shows a strong wind blowing fromright to left.

The wind is blowing from right to left because the region to theright has a higher

A. air temperature B. air pressure

C. relative humidity D. elevation

86. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the weather map below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The map shows surface weatherconditions over the central United States at 1:00 am for a day inMay. Shaded areas represent precipitation.

The boundary between the cP and the mT air masses shown onthe map is called

A. a warm front B. a cold front

C. an isotherm D. an isobar

87. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which shows Earth’s planetary wind belts and pressurebelts.

The best inference that can be made from this diagram is thatwinds blow from regions of

A. high latitude to regions of low latitude

B. high pressure to regions of low pressure

C. high elevation to regions of low elevation

D. high temperature to regions of low temperature

88. The accompanying map shows high-pressure and low-pressureweather systems in the United States.

Which two lettered positions on the map are most likelyreceiving precipitation?

A. A and B B. B and D C. C and E D. A and D


89. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the weathermap below, which shows the location of fronts and thetemperature field on a given day in the United States.

The passage of a cold front most recently influenced the weatherof which two cities?

A. Chicago and Boise

B. Las Vegas and Salt Lake City

C. Kansas City and Minneapolis

D. Detroit and Cincinnati

90. Which map shows the two correctly labeled air masses that frequently converge in the central plains to cause tornadoes?

A. B.

C. D.


91. The cross section below shows a house on the shore of LakeOntario in August.

Under which conditions would the wind shown in the crosssection most likely occur?

A. at 2 AM, when the air over land is 70◦ F and the air overthe lake is 80◦ F

B. at 6 AM, when the air over land is 70◦ F and the air overthe lake is 70◦ F

C. at 2 PM, when the air over land is 80◦ F and the air overthe lake is 70◦ F

D. at 10 PM, when the air over land is 70◦ F and the air overthe lake is 72◦ F

92. Most surface ocean currents are caused by

A. tides B. evaporation

C. prevailing winds D. salinity differences

93. Which ocean current cools the climate of some locations alongthe western coastline of North America?

A. Florida Current B. California Current

C. Canaries Current D. Alaska Current

94. Which ocean current flows northeast along the eastern coast ofNorth America?

A. Gulf Stream B. North Equatorial

C. California D. Labrador

95. The diagram below represents a portion of the solar system.

In addition to Earth, which planets are represented by thediagram?

A. Saturn and Pluto B. Mercury and Venus

C. Uranus and Neptune D. Jupiter and Mars

96. Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit ofMars?

A. the Sun B. Betelgeuse

C. Earth D. Jupiter

97. Which object is closest to Earth?

A. the Sun B. Venus C. the Moon D. Mars


98. The symbols below are used to represent different regions ofspace.

Which diagram shows the correct relationship between these fourregions? [If one symbol is within another symbol, that means itis part of, or included in, that symbol.]

A.

B.

C.

D.

99. Most scientists believe the Milky Way Galaxy is

A. spherical in shape

B. 4.6 billion years old

C. composed of stars revolving around Earth

D. one of billions of galaxies in the universe

100. Which photograph of star trails was taken by an observer facingdirectly north in New York State?

A.

B.

C.

D.

101. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables and on your knowledge of Earthscience.

Which model of a planet’s orbit best represents the actualeccentricity of the orbit of Mars? (models are drawn to scale.)

A. B.

C. D.


102. On which two dates could all locations on Earth have equalhours of day and night?

A. September 23 and December 21

B. December 21 and March 21

C. March 21 and June 21

D. March 21 and September 21

103. Which event is most predictable?

A. The Sun rises.

B. An earthquake occurs.

C. A meteorite falls to Earth.

D. Coral fossils are found on mountaintops.

104. To an observer in New York State, the Sun appears to rise eachday somewhere along the

A. northern horizon B. southern horizon

C. eastern horizon D. western horizon

105. The accompanying diagram represents a student’s constructedlaboratory drawing.

The student’s drawing best represents the

A. shape of Earth’s Moon

B. shape of an elliptical orbit

C. path of an earthquake wave

D. path of a projectile deflected by Earth’s rotation

106. The accompanying diagram shows the Moon at four positions inits orbit around Earth as viewed from above the North Pole.

Beginning with the Moon at position X (the new-Moon phase),which sequence of Moon phases would be seen by an observeron Earth during 1 month?

A.

B.

C.

D.

107. How long does Earth take to complete one orbit around the Sun?

A. 1 day B. 1 month C. 1 year D. 1 decade


108. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on theEarth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The diagram shows a portion ofthe solar system.

The actual orbits of the planets are

A. elliptical, with Earth at one of the foci

B. elliptical, with the Sun at one of the foci

C. circular, with Earth at the center

D. circular, with the Sun at the center

109. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagrambelow, which shows a model of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s position at the beginningof each season.

How many degrees will the Sun’s vertical rays shift on Earth’ssurface as Earth travels from position C to position D ?

A. 15◦ B. 23.5◦ C. 47◦ D. 365◦

110. The diagram below shows Earth and the Moon in four locationsduring their orbits. Arrows A through D represent differentmotions of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.

Which arrow represents a rate of movement of approximately 1◦

per day?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

111. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the diagrams below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent fourdifferent mineral samples with different shapes and masses.Diagrams are not drawn to scale.

Which instrument was most likely used to find the volume ofeach sample?

A. graduated cylinder B. balance

C. thermometer D. psychrometer

112. A student finds the mass of sample B to be 17.5 grams. What isthe student’s approximate percent deviation (percentage of error)?

A. 1.5% B. 6.7% C. 8.8% D. 9.4%


113. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the diagram and data tables below,and your knowledge of Earth science.

The diagram shows a process that is used to separategypsum from shale on the basis of density. Crushed rockis dropped into a mixture of liquid and small particles,called a slurry. The data tables show the mass and volumeof three samples of gypsum and three samples of shaleafter they were separated by this process.

A student weights sample 3 of the shale and incorrectlydetermines the mass to be 16 grams. Which equation shouldbe used to calculate the student’s percentage of error (percentdeviation)?

A. percentage of error =18 − 16

18× 100

B. percentage of error =18 − 16

16× 100

C. percentage of error =18

16× 100

D. percentage of error =16

18× 100

114. The cartoon below presents a humorous look at science.

The correct explanation of why ice floats is that, compared toliquid water, solid ice

A. has less mass B. has more mass

C. is less dense D. is more dense

115. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables and on your knowledge of Earthscience.

The diagram below represents a solid object with a density of3 grams per cubic centimeter.

What is the mass of this object?

A. 0.5 g B. 2 g C. 18 g D. 36 g

116. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the diagram and data tables below,and your knowledge of Earth science.

The diagram shows a process that is used to separategypsum from shale on the basis of density. Crushed rockis dropped into a mixture of liquid and small particles,called a slurry. The data tables show the mass and volumeof three samples of gypsum and three samples of shaleafter they were separated by this process.

What is the average density of the three samples of gypsum?

A. 0.5 g/cm3 B. 2.0 g/cm3 C. 3.0 g/cm3 D. 8.7 g/cm3

117. A rock sample has a mass of 16 grams and a volume of 8 cubiccentimeters. When the rock is cut in half, what is the volumeand density of each piece?

A. 8 cm3 and 0.5 g/cm3 B. 8 cm3 and 1.0 g/cm3

C. 4 cm3 and 2.0 g/cm3 D. 4 cm3 and 4.0 g/cm3


118. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the EarthScience Reference Tables, the diagrams below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent four solidobjects made of the same uniform material. The volumes of thesphere and the bar are not given.

The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder asshown.

What is the volume of the sphere?

A. 15 mL B. 25 mL C. 40 mL D. 65 mL

119. The accompanying graph shows the relationship between massand volume for three samples, A, B, and C, of a given material.

What is the density of this material?

A. 1.0 g/cm3 B. 5.0 g/cm3

C. 10.0 g/cm3 D. 20.0 g/cm3


Problem-Attic format version 4.4.218c_ 2011–2014 EducAide SoftwareLicensed for use by jim benedict

Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com

Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 03/15/2015

1.Answer: D

2.Answer: C

3.Answer: B

4.Answer: C

5.Answer: D

6.Answer: D

7.Answer: D

8.Answer: A

9.Answer: D

10.Answer: B

11.Answer: B

12.Answer: C

13.Answer: B

14.Answer: B

15.Answer: D

16.Answer: A

17.Answer: C

18.Answer: D

19.Answer: C

20.Answer: C

21.Answer: D

22.Answer: D

23.Answer: B

24.Answer: A

25.Answer: B

26.Answer: C

27.Answer: C

28.Answer: C

29.Answer: D

30.Answer: B

31.Answer: B

32.Answer: C

33.Answer: C

34.Answer: C

35.Answer: C

36.Answer: A

37.Answer: C

38.Answer: B

39.Answer: D

40.Answer: D

Teacher’s Key Page 2

41.Answer: D

42.Answer: A

43.Answer: B

44.Answer: D

45.Answer: C

46.Answer: C

47.Answer: D

48.Answer: C

49.Answer: B

50.Answer: B

51.Answer: B

52.Answer: C

53.Answer: B

54.Answer: C

55.Answer: A

56.Answer: A

57.Answer: D

58.Answer: A

59.Answer: D

60.Answer: C

61.Answer: C

62.Answer: C

63.Answer: C

64.Answer: C

65.Answer: A

66.Answer: B

67.Answer: D

68.Answer: D

69.Answer: C

70.Answer: C

71.Answer: C

72.Answer: D

73.Answer: A

74.Answer: D

75.Answer: C

76.Answer: C

77.Answer: B

78.Answer: D

79.Answer: D

80.Answer: C

81.Answer: B

82.Answer: C

83.Answer: B

84.Answer: C

85.Answer: B

Teacher’s Key Page 3

86.Answer: B

87.Answer: B

88.Answer: B

89.Answer: C

90.Answer: B

91.Answer: C

92.Answer: C

93.Answer: B

94.Answer: A

95.Answer: B

96.Answer: A

97.Answer: C

98.Answer: A

99.Answer: D

100.Answer: A

101.Answer: A

102.Answer: D

103.Answer: A

104.Answer: C

105.Answer: B

106.Answer: B

107.Answer: C

108.Answer: B

109.Answer: B

110.Answer: A

111.Answer: A

112.Answer: D

113.Answer: A

114.Answer: C

115.Answer: C

116.Answer: B

117.Answer: C

118.Answer: B

119.Answer: C

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Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15...Honors Earth Science Midterm 2014-15 1. The Moon’s cycle of phases can be observed from Earth because the Moon A. is smaller than Earth B