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BIOKIMIA 1
Hormon
IntroductionIntroduction
• The endocrine system and nervousThe endocrine system and nervous systems act together to regulate systems act together to regulate many activities within the body.many activities within the body.
• Both systems utilize chemicalBoth systems utilize chemical messengers, to communicate signals.messengers, to communicate signals.
• Endocrine system produces homonesEndocrine system produces homones as chemical signals to bring about as chemical signals to bring about affects in other body parts. affects in other body parts.
• Endocrine glands such as testes Endocrine glands such as testes produce hormones like testosterone. produce hormones like testosterone.
Hormone
Hormone
Growth and development: Thyroid, GH, Sex Steroids, Cortisol
Reproduction: Estrogen, Testosterone, FSH, LH, Thyroid
Homeostasis: Thyroid, Cortisol
Changes in environment: Cortisol, Thyroid Aldosterone
Hormone Functions
Hormon
Hormones are released by the glands
• And travel through the blood until they reach their particular receptor cell
• Where they fit, like a key in a lock, to turn on or off functions
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Circulate in blood stream bound to transporter proteins or free
Free hormone is the active hormone
Enter cells to alter biological activity
Mechanism of Action of Hormones
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Hormon
Classes of Receptors
Ligand: molecule which binds to a protein and affects its function. Hormone is one type of ligand.
Hormon
Hormone Regulation
• Feedback loops
• Receptor specificity
• Receptor concentration
Hormon
Feedback Regulation of the Anterior Pituitary:
Target Organ
Hypothalamus
+ -
+
-
-
-
?
Short LoopFeedback
Pituitary
Long LoopFeedback
negative feedback : secretion of hormone leads directly or indirectly to inhibiting its secretion
positive feedback: secretion of hormone leads directly or indirectly to its increase secretion
Hormon
- Subunits
- Subunit
TSH
LH hCG
FSH
Receptor specificity
Hormon
Congenital Hypothyroidism
CretinismStunted growth
Neurological/ cognitive defects/mental retardation
Finally
• Hormones
You can’t live with them but…
You can’t live without them!