Horn of Africa Programme

8/2/2019 Horn of Africa Programme

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IGAD / UNDP

Sub-Regional Programme for

Area-based DevelopmentActivities for the Reintegration of

Returnees, Refugees and

Displaced Persons in the Horn ofAfrica

I G A D


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Total Population (,000) = 3.5

Population Growth Rate = 3.0

Area (Km2) = 124,300

GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 165

Rural Population(%) = 84.6

Background Information

Total Population (,000) = .6

Population Growth Rate = 4.5Area (Km2) = 23,200



Total Population (,000) = 9,077


Area (Km2) = 637,660


Rural Population(%) = 74



Area (Km2) = 582,640





Area (Km2) = 236,860





Area (Km2) = 2,505,813





Area (Km2) = 1,116,100


Rural Population(%) = 82


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Of the 28.1 million refugees around the world about 28% aredisplaced within Africa ...UNHCR


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Maps that shows refugee locations with in the IGAD region


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Africa


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Refugees From The Horn Of Africa

050000

100000150000200000

250000300000350000400000450000

Djibo

uti

Eritr

ea

Ethio

pia

Kenya

Suda

n

Uganda

Somalia

Uganda

Sudan

Somalia

Rwanda

Kenya

Ethiopia

Eritrea

D.R. Congo

Djibouti


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Returnees in the Horn of Africa

35%10%

20%

17%18%


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Global Status Of Internally Displaced Population

51%23%

16%10%


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Food Insecure Areas in the Horn of Africa

UNDP IGAD S b R i P SUMMARY


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High Priority Areas Cause and EffectsSolutions Strategies Partners

LeadingActorsParticipating

Food Security

Environment

ConflictsResolution

Management

&

HumanitarianAffairs

Food Insecurity

Poor food productionmechanisms

Political instability & civilstrife

Poor economic policies

Population explosion

Environmental degradation

Environmental Degradation

Global environmental changes

Poor natural resourcesmanagement

Absence of sound environmentalcontrol mechanisms

Population explosion

Environmental degradation

Conflicts & Human Crisis

Poor governance

Poor economic policies

Civil strife, conflicts

Famine

Poor resource allocation

Provision for gendersensitivity

Provision of Informationfor better forecasting

Enhanced environmental

control mechanisms Better environmentmanagement

Sound environment policies

Improved environmentalforecasting and early warningcapabilities

Information for earlywarning and disasterprevention

Grass root participation

Grass root education

Better governance

Political stability

Cross border cooperation

Enhanced reintegrationrehabilitation programmes

Better forecast and earlywarning for conflict prevention

Develop drought tolerant foodcrop ventures

Develop cross borderlivestock disease controlschemes

Develop and implementagricultural information andearly warning system

Enhance agriculturalextension services

Enhance cross borderagricultural R&D network

Develop environmentalpollution control schemes

Develop & Implementenvironmental early warningsystems

Develop effective water resourcemanagement schemes

Develop cross border environmenttraining schemes

Develop policies, principles,standards and support services

Initiate and develop informationsystem for conflict early warning

Initiate mechanism for grass-rootparticipation in conflict prevention

Initiate comprehensive schemes

for lasting reintegration &rehabilitation of displaced people

UNDP

IGAD

MOAs

NARs

FAO

ECA

NGOs

UNDP

IGAD

Environment

Agencies

ECA

FAO

UNEP

NGOs

UNDP

IGAD

Civil Society

Local

Governments

ECA

OAU

NGOs

Cross CuttingIssues

Cross CuttingIssues

Increase agricultural & foodproduction

Improve agricultural policies

Better credit facilities foragricultural producers

Improve forecasting &warning capabilities for foodshortages

UNDP IGAD Sub-Region Programme--------------SUMMARY


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Current Situation

Horn of Africa Region is affected by years ofconflict, famine, diseases, population explosion andenvironmental degradation

Most countries are faced with stalled development,

weak government capacity, insufficient and under-resourced social services

Problem is accelerated by high level of ethnic/civil

strife and natural disasters which lead to a growingnumber of refugees and displaced persons


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There are 21.8 million refugees in the world

38.8% are found in Asia, 27.9% in Africa, 25.6% in Europe,

4.8% in North America, 2.6% in Latin America and the

Caribbean and 0.35 % are in Oceania Three Horn of Africa

countries, Somalia, Sudan and Eritrea, are included in the

ten countries with the largest number of refugees

Since Ethiopia is host to thousands of Somalia refugees, The

Horn of Africa Program addresses the needs of these

refugees, returnees, along with host communities

Current Situation


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Repatriation(A case of Somali National Regional State &Northwest Somalia)

As of Mid- 2001, there were approximately 30,000 to

60,000 Somali Refugees in Ethiopia, the majority of

which are estimated to be poorer and less educated than

those who repatriated earlyFrom Feb, 1997 to October 2001, approximately 170,

000 voluntarily repatriated back into Somaliland

During the same period, 350,000 returned without any

assistanceThe remaining 80,000 in SNRS region of Ethiopia were

repatriated at the end of 2001


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Repatriation to what?

The Majority of returnees into Somaliland are facedwith incapacitated government, a devastated localeconomy as well as, inadequate social services.

EDUCATION The war of independence annihilated large number of

school administrators and teachers, demolishedschools, destroyed learning materials ultimatelydisrupting the education of thousands of children andadults

As of Dec. 2001, fewer than 20% of primary schoolchildren have returned to school and more than 50% ofPrimary schools remain shattered


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Repatriation to what? cont.

Majority of Secondary schools and professional

technical schools have reopened, but the twoUniversities within the region, University of Hargeisa

and University of Somaliland, are structurally, and

financially unable to enroll most of the graduates

HEALTHCARE SERVICES 1 in 5 children die before the age of five

Life expectancy is only 48 years

Healthcare facilities were destroyed by armed conflicts

Repatriated refugees live in close quarters withinadequate sanitation, and insufficient health services


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In Hargeisas seven returnee neighborhoods, 16 nursessupport 8 mother-and-child health care centers thatserve thousands

Hospital pharmacies are unable to fill simple

prescriptions Hospitals are incapable of serving the thousands of

returnees who suffer from psychological traumaassociated with war

WATER SUPPLY

Water is an essential element for sustaining oneslivelihood

Water system is incapable of providing the generalpopulation with reliable sources of water


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The water system which was built in the early 1900s,constantly breaks down

Many depend on river water

ECONOMY More than 70% of all Somalilanders dependent on the

production and trade of livestock (But a ban formSaudi Arabia on Somali livestock has debilitated this

sector) An estimated 10% of Somaliland is arable, but to date

only 3% has been cultivated

Most returnees, facing these conditions, lack anyemployment opportunities and grow even poorer

I l A h i D l (IGAD)


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Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

OBJECTIVE To support sustainable human development by

building up local level conditions conducive to peace,democracy, and reintegration of uprooted populations

STRATEGY

Designing area-based reintegration and rehabilitationprogrammes rather than targeting specificbeneficiaries

Encouraging community involvement at all stages of

the programme development to ensure a local sense ofownership

I l A h i D l (IGAD)


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Working with all existing local-level structures

at all stages of programme development

Complementing area-based rehabilitationinitiatives with existing development activities

Creating pull-factors or poles of attraction

Flexibility in programming in order to addressthe primary agenda and priorities of thecommunities

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)cont.

fi i G


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IGAD is to:Coordinate development in the Horn of Africa

region

Facilitate capacity building of member states to

Implementprograms geared towards sustainablereintegration and rehabilitation of refugees,returnees and displaced persons in IGAD countries

IGAD serves as:

A peace broker, and policy organ through whichdevelopment work can be implemented

Defining IGAD

D fi i IGAD


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However: IGAD doest notoperate autonomously. All its

projects are completed in collaboration withgovernment offices, particularly the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Agricultureand Planning

IGAD Focuses on:

conflict prevention, management and Resolution,

Humanitarian affairs, infrastructure development,as well as food security and environment

Defining IGAD cont.

R l ti d D i i i t f th H f


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October 17-18, 2001,Khartoum,Sudan the 1st Regular Meeting of Ministers in Charge ofWomens

Affairs, Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming of IGAD PeaceBuilding and Conflict Resolution Programme: passed thefollowing recommendation and plan of action,

:the ongoing IGAD/UNDP cross border area baseddevelopment projects should be revisited in closecollaboration wit IGAD womens desk to addressthe needs of all focal points by engendering thiscross border area based project.

Resolutions and Decisions in support of the Horn ofAfrica Programme

R l ti d D i i i t f th H f


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Resolutions and Decisions in support of the Horn ofAfrica Programme cont.

08--11 January 2002, Khartoum, Sudan, (9th Summit of the

Assembly of Heads of State and Government of IGAD and the 21st

ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers of IGAD passed the

decision:

:that the first phase of project/programme of thereintegration and rehabilitation of refugees , returnees

and IDPs and affected communities be launched

without delay in Ethiopia and Djibouti and that UNDPbe urged to fully implement the programme and

expand is implementation in other parts of the IGAD

region.


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Scope of the IGAD/UNDP Programme

Address the immediate needs of the population

in the process of repatriation

Carried out in accordance with the nationaldevelopment plan for each country

Respect existing administrative structures

Use of existing local and governmentmechanisms for credit, technical assistance,

marketing, etc Confirm ownership and responsibility for the

beneficiaries for their own collective andindividual development benefits

cope o t e I AD UNDP Programme


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To establish sustainable institutionalmechanisms in two or more cross-border

communities

To create an enabling and economicallyviable environment

To rehabilitate community infrastructure

and facilities

cope o t e I AD UNDP Programmecont.


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Strategy

Designing area-based reintegration andrehabilitation programmes rather than

targeting specific beneficiaries

Encouraging community involvement at allstages of the programme development to

ensure a local sense of ownership

Working with all existing local-levelstructures at all stages of programme

development


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Complementing area-based rehabilitation

initiatives with existing development

activities

Creating pull-factors or poles of attraction

Flexibility in programming in order to

address the primary agenda and priorities of

the communities

Strategy

P ibl f i t t


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Possible area of interest

M j A hi t


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Major Achievements

Established cross-border linkages and dialogueamong beneficiary countries

Consensus among the different clan/political/cross-

border communities

Serious commitments and involvement of the

IGAD countries

Consensus and interest among key donors

I t li


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Impact on policy

IGAD to develop policies, principles and standards

with regard to population movements, cross-border

trade, shared resources (Water, Grazing Land)

in cross-border areas

National policies on humanitarian and food security

issues in border areas impacted by internal andexternal displacement

Th R i l P St t


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The Regional Program Strategy

One single objective: To support sustainable human development by building-uplocal level conditions conducive to peace, democracy and reintegration of

uprooted

populations,

One single approach: Enlargement and empowerment of beneficiaries, through

broadened social and economic opportunities and participation in local decision-

making,management and follow-up mechanisms.

Shared strategy: Supporting local development within a regional framework,

this shared strategy will assume a systemic relationship at three levels: local,

national

and regional.

Basic principles of the program strategy


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Basic principles of the program strategy

Reintegration and rehabilitation can involve both short-term andlong-term preventive responses before, during and after the return

of the refugees.

Value will be added to UNHCRs previous and on going QIPs and

reintegration programs as well as to UNDPs and other agenciesinvestments in reintegration, rehabilitation, de-mining and

demobilization.

District and regional capacity building for reintegration and

rehabilitation, including development planning, programming andimplementation, will provide an enabling environment for

sustainability.

Basic principles of the program

strategy


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Mechanisms that will ensure the participation of the

various social and economic stakeholders within theirsocial, cultural and political spheres will be agreed upon,

established and strengthened.

Increased opportunities for reforms and establishment of

links with the various on-going or foreseen initiatives willbe fostered.

Critical areas such as food security, economic recovery,

good governance, including local administration, planning

and joint decision-making and management issues shouldbe taken into full consideration in order to provide an

environment conducive to the sustainability of the

reintegration and rehabilitation activities.

Basic principles of the program strategycont

Basic principles of the program

strategy


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Programming must be inclusive, targeting refugees,

returnees, and the displaced as well as the resident

populations. If reintegration of demobilized personnel is

incorporated as a programming objective, then the

identification, formulation and implementation of

projects for the demobilized should be tied to any

existing, area-based reintegration and rehabilitationstrategy, projects and programs.

National capacities will be strengthened, not only

through the central and regional institutions, but by also

promoting the empowerment of local commitments, civilsociety organizations, associations and small enterprise

sector associations. Thus, joint, participatory, decision-

making mechanisms between the administration and

civil society will be fostered. This will facilitate a moretrans arent environment for the im lementation of the

Basic principles of the program strategycont

Components of the Regional Programme


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Components of the Regional Programme1 Implement the National Pillars onRehabilitation & Reintegration

2 Support the Pillars through RegionalPolicies, Strategies & Activities

3 Build Regional InstitutionalCapacities, for Participatory Decision-

making and Coordination.

Establish policy & guidance toolsfor implementation

Establish coordinating mechanismsfor supervision

Formulate policy advice, strategies& methodologies

Disseminate best practices

Broaden economic opportunities foruprooted populations

Broaden social opportunities for uprootedpeoples

Strengthen good governance & humanrights

Increase capacities for resource

mobilization

Strengthen strategic leadershipcapacities at the IGAD Secretariat

Reinforce the HumanitarianSection at the IGAD Secretariat

Establish an integrated informationsystem and exchange network

Connect IGAD with the global

networks on conflict prevention & post-conflict rehabilitation

Establish & strengthen regionalplanning capacities

Cross-cutting Issues: Gender, Environment & Human Rights

- Human Rights:

Providing guidelines and tools to advocate Human Rights throughout the implementation of the program should be coordinated with the on-goingIGAD activities related to Conflict, prevention, management and resolution.

- Gender:

Providing guidelines and tools for the implementation of the overall program with a Gender Focus, could be implemented in coordination with the

IGAD Womens Desk.

- Environment:

Providing guidelines and tools to implement the overall program with an environmental approach may be implemented in co-ordination with the

IGAD project Promoting Environmental Education and Training Program, and, with the IGAD project Household Energy.

fi i i


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Target Beneficiaries

The direct beneficiaries of the proposed project will be refugees, internallydisplaced persons, returnees, and communities, including those of the ex-

combatants that have hosted large refugee populations

The IGAD Secretariat will benefit through gaining experiences and capacities

to promote cross-border, regional development and economic cooperation atthe grassroots level.

The IGAD member states will also benefit through initiation of development

processes targeting the neediest sectors of their societies. The capacities of

local institutions will be strengthened to better implement similar projects in

their respective areas.

Implementing Partners


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Implementing Partners

Current Activities


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Current Activities

Demonstrative start up activities in Teferiber and Dorwanaji

zones of the Somali National Regional State of Ethiopiafocusing on education ,health, and water supply systems aspart of the sustainable reintegration and rehabilitate ofrefugees ,returnees and displaced people in the IGAD sub-

region.A tripartite agreement between the government of Ethiopia

Administration for refugees and returnees affairs, the SomaliNational Regional State Health Bureau and the

UNDP/IGAD Horn of Africa programme has been signed.UNDP/IGAD Horn of Africa programme has allocated USD

100,000 for these activities. Procurement of equipment andother primary activities underway

I l i C


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Preparation completed to initiate small scaledemonstrative start up development activities

in Ali Sabeh district of the Republic of

Djibouti.

Focus areas in these activities are promotion

of income generation activities through

support to local cooperatives and women,s

associations in the Ali Sabeh district.

Implementation Cont.

HOA Initiatives


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HOA Initiatives

-Governance

* Democratic

* Participatory

-Capacity Development-Coordination

-Regional Cooperation

-Early warning system

-Partnership

-Local ownership

EU

Partnership for all

concerned including

the Bretton Woods

institutions

BrahimiReport

GHOA

USAID

Partnership

Capacity devt.

Coordination

Advocacy

OECD

DAC

Brookings

Process RCF2

AGFUND Japan GGP

Information & Communication


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Information & Communication

Design and develop a strong gis/database

With in the region

Design and implement information distribution/exchange mechanism with in

The region using

Web technology

Multimedia CDIntranet

Information

Pooling

Resource

Programme

Sustained Peace

&

Development

Documents

Horn of Africa Programme