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IGAD / UNDP
Sub-Regional Programme for
Area-based DevelopmentActivities for the Reintegration of
Returnees, Refugees and
Displaced Persons in the Horn ofAfrica
I G A D
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Total Population (,000) = 3.5
Population Growth Rate = 3.0
Area (Km2) = 124,300
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 165
Rural Population(%) = 84.6
Background Information
Total Population (,000) = .6
Population Growth Rate = 4.5Area (Km2) = 23,200
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 830
Rural Population(%) = 17.2
Total Population (,000) = 9,077
Population Growth Rate = 1.6
Area (Km2) = 637,660
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 110
Rural Population(%) = 74
Total Population (,000) = 30.0
Population Growth Rate = 3.3
Area (Km2) = 582,640
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 260
Rural Population(%) = 67.9
Total Population (,000) = 22.6
Population Growth Rate = 3.1
Area (Km2) = 236,860
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 200
Rural Population(%) = 86.2
Total Population (,000) = 30.4
Population Growth Rate = 2.5
Area (Km2) = 2,505,813
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 250
Rural Population(%) = 64.9
Total Population (,000) = 661.4
Population Growth Rate = 2.4
Area (Km2) = 1,116,100
GNP/Inhabitant (USD) = 130
Rural Population(%) = 82
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Of the 28.1 million refugees around the world about 28% aredisplaced within Africa ...UNHCR
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Maps that shows refugee locations with in the IGAD region
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Africa
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Refugees From The Horn Of Africa
050000
100000150000200000
250000300000350000400000450000
Djibo
uti
Eritr
ea
Ethio
pia
Kenya
Suda
n
Uganda
Somalia
Uganda
Sudan
Somalia
Rwanda
Kenya
Ethiopia
Eritrea
D.R. Congo
Djibouti
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Returnees in the Horn of Africa
35%10%
20%
17%18%
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Global Status Of Internally Displaced Population
51%23%
16%10%
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Food Insecure Areas in the Horn of Africa
UNDP IGAD S b R i P SUMMARY
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High Priority Areas Cause and EffectsSolutions Strategies Partners
LeadingActorsParticipating
Food Security
Environment
ConflictsResolution
Management
&
HumanitarianAffairs
Food Insecurity
Poor food productionmechanisms
Political instability & civilstrife
Poor economic policies
Population explosion
Environmental degradation
Environmental Degradation
Global environmental changes
Poor natural resourcesmanagement
Absence of sound environmentalcontrol mechanisms
Population explosion
Environmental degradation
Conflicts & Human Crisis
Poor governance
Poor economic policies
Civil strife, conflicts
Famine
Poor resource allocation
Provision for gendersensitivity
Provision of Informationfor better forecasting
Enhanced environmental
control mechanisms Better environmentmanagement
Sound environment policies
Improved environmentalforecasting and early warningcapabilities
Information for earlywarning and disasterprevention
Grass root participation
Grass root education
Better governance
Political stability
Cross border cooperation
Enhanced reintegrationrehabilitation programmes
Better forecast and earlywarning for conflict prevention
Develop drought tolerant foodcrop ventures
Develop cross borderlivestock disease controlschemes
Develop and implementagricultural information andearly warning system
Enhance agriculturalextension services
Enhance cross borderagricultural R&D network
Develop environmentalpollution control schemes
Develop & Implementenvironmental early warningsystems
Develop effective water resourcemanagement schemes
Develop cross border environmenttraining schemes
Develop policies, principles,standards and support services
Initiate and develop informationsystem for conflict early warning
Initiate mechanism for grass-rootparticipation in conflict prevention
Initiate comprehensive schemes
for lasting reintegration &rehabilitation of displaced people
UNDP
IGAD
MOAs
NARs
FAO
ECA
NGOs
UNDP
IGAD
Environment
Agencies
ECA
FAO
UNEP
NGOs
UNDP
IGAD
Civil Society
Local
Governments
ECA
OAU
NGOs
Cross CuttingIssues
Cross CuttingIssues
Increase agricultural & foodproduction
Improve agricultural policies
Better credit facilities foragricultural producers
Improve forecasting &warning capabilities for foodshortages
UNDP IGAD Sub-Region Programme--------------SUMMARY
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Current Situation
Horn of Africa Region is affected by years ofconflict, famine, diseases, population explosion andenvironmental degradation
Most countries are faced with stalled development,
weak government capacity, insufficient and under-resourced social services
Problem is accelerated by high level of ethnic/civil
strife and natural disasters which lead to a growingnumber of refugees and displaced persons
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There are 21.8 million refugees in the world
38.8% are found in Asia, 27.9% in Africa, 25.6% in Europe,
4.8% in North America, 2.6% in Latin America and the
Caribbean and 0.35 % are in Oceania Three Horn of Africa
countries, Somalia, Sudan and Eritrea, are included in the
ten countries with the largest number of refugees
Since Ethiopia is host to thousands of Somalia refugees, The
Horn of Africa Program addresses the needs of these
refugees, returnees, along with host communities
Current Situation
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Repatriation(A case of Somali National Regional State &Northwest Somalia)
As of Mid- 2001, there were approximately 30,000 to
60,000 Somali Refugees in Ethiopia, the majority of
which are estimated to be poorer and less educated than
those who repatriated earlyFrom Feb, 1997 to October 2001, approximately 170,
000 voluntarily repatriated back into Somaliland
During the same period, 350,000 returned without any
assistanceThe remaining 80,000 in SNRS region of Ethiopia were
repatriated at the end of 2001
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Repatriation to what?
The Majority of returnees into Somaliland are facedwith incapacitated government, a devastated localeconomy as well as, inadequate social services.
EDUCATION The war of independence annihilated large number of
school administrators and teachers, demolishedschools, destroyed learning materials ultimatelydisrupting the education of thousands of children andadults
As of Dec. 2001, fewer than 20% of primary schoolchildren have returned to school and more than 50% ofPrimary schools remain shattered
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Repatriation to what? cont.
Majority of Secondary schools and professional
technical schools have reopened, but the twoUniversities within the region, University of Hargeisa
and University of Somaliland, are structurally, and
financially unable to enroll most of the graduates
HEALTHCARE SERVICES 1 in 5 children die before the age of five
Life expectancy is only 48 years
Healthcare facilities were destroyed by armed conflicts
Repatriated refugees live in close quarters withinadequate sanitation, and insufficient health services
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Repatriation to what? cont.
In Hargeisas seven returnee neighborhoods, 16 nursessupport 8 mother-and-child health care centers thatserve thousands
Hospital pharmacies are unable to fill simple
prescriptions Hospitals are incapable of serving the thousands of
returnees who suffer from psychological traumaassociated with war
WATER SUPPLY
Water is an essential element for sustaining oneslivelihood
Water system is incapable of providing the generalpopulation with reliable sources of water
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Repatriation to what? cont.
The water system which was built in the early 1900s,constantly breaks down
Many depend on river water
ECONOMY More than 70% of all Somalilanders dependent on the
production and trade of livestock (But a ban formSaudi Arabia on Somali livestock has debilitated this
sector) An estimated 10% of Somaliland is arable, but to date
only 3% has been cultivated
Most returnees, facing these conditions, lack anyemployment opportunities and grow even poorer
I l A h i D l (IGAD)
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Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
OBJECTIVE To support sustainable human development by
building up local level conditions conducive to peace,democracy, and reintegration of uprooted populations
STRATEGY
Designing area-based reintegration and rehabilitationprogrammes rather than targeting specificbeneficiaries
Encouraging community involvement at all stages of
the programme development to ensure a local sense ofownership
I l A h i D l (IGAD)
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Working with all existing local-level structures
at all stages of programme development
Complementing area-based rehabilitationinitiatives with existing development activities
Creating pull-factors or poles of attraction
Flexibility in programming in order to addressthe primary agenda and priorities of thecommunities
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)cont.
fi i G
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IGAD is to:Coordinate development in the Horn of Africa
region
Facilitate capacity building of member states to
Implementprograms geared towards sustainablereintegration and rehabilitation of refugees,returnees and displaced persons in IGAD countries
IGAD serves as:
A peace broker, and policy organ through whichdevelopment work can be implemented
Defining IGAD
D fi i IGAD
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However: IGAD doest notoperate autonomously. All its
projects are completed in collaboration withgovernment offices, particularly the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Agricultureand Planning
IGAD Focuses on:
conflict prevention, management and Resolution,
Humanitarian affairs, infrastructure development,as well as food security and environment
Defining IGAD cont.
R l ti d D i i i t f th H f
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October 17-18, 2001,Khartoum,Sudan the 1st Regular Meeting of Ministers in Charge ofWomens
Affairs, Seminar on Gender Mainstreaming of IGAD PeaceBuilding and Conflict Resolution Programme: passed thefollowing recommendation and plan of action,
:the ongoing IGAD/UNDP cross border area baseddevelopment projects should be revisited in closecollaboration wit IGAD womens desk to addressthe needs of all focal points by engendering thiscross border area based project.
Resolutions and Decisions in support of the Horn ofAfrica Programme
R l ti d D i i i t f th H f
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Resolutions and Decisions in support of the Horn ofAfrica Programme cont.
08--11 January 2002, Khartoum, Sudan, (9th Summit of the
Assembly of Heads of State and Government of IGAD and the 21st
ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers of IGAD passed the
decision:
:that the first phase of project/programme of thereintegration and rehabilitation of refugees , returnees
and IDPs and affected communities be launched
without delay in Ethiopia and Djibouti and that UNDPbe urged to fully implement the programme and
expand is implementation in other parts of the IGAD
region.
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Scope of the IGAD/UNDP Programme
Address the immediate needs of the population
in the process of repatriation
Carried out in accordance with the nationaldevelopment plan for each country
Respect existing administrative structures
Use of existing local and governmentmechanisms for credit, technical assistance,
marketing, etc Confirm ownership and responsibility for the
beneficiaries for their own collective andindividual development benefits
cope o t e I AD UNDP Programme
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To establish sustainable institutionalmechanisms in two or more cross-border
communities
To create an enabling and economicallyviable environment
To rehabilitate community infrastructure
and facilities
cope o t e I AD UNDP Programmecont.
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Strategy
Designing area-based reintegration andrehabilitation programmes rather than
targeting specific beneficiaries
Encouraging community involvement at allstages of the programme development to
ensure a local sense of ownership
Working with all existing local-levelstructures at all stages of programme
development
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Complementing area-based rehabilitation
initiatives with existing development
activities
Creating pull-factors or poles of attraction
Flexibility in programming in order to
address the primary agenda and priorities of
the communities
Strategy
P ibl f i t t
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Possible area of interest
M j A hi t
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Major Achievements
Established cross-border linkages and dialogueamong beneficiary countries
Consensus among the different clan/political/cross-
border communities
Serious commitments and involvement of the
IGAD countries
Consensus and interest among key donors
I t li
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Impact on policy
IGAD to develop policies, principles and standards
with regard to population movements, cross-border
trade, shared resources (Water, Grazing Land)
in cross-border areas
National policies on humanitarian and food security
issues in border areas impacted by internal andexternal displacement
Th R i l P St t
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The Regional Program Strategy
One single objective: To support sustainable human development by building-uplocal level conditions conducive to peace, democracy and reintegration of
uprooted
populations,
One single approach: Enlargement and empowerment of beneficiaries, through
broadened social and economic opportunities and participation in local decision-
making,management and follow-up mechanisms.
Shared strategy: Supporting local development within a regional framework,
this shared strategy will assume a systemic relationship at three levels: local,
national
and regional.
Basic principles of the program strategy
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Basic principles of the program strategy
Reintegration and rehabilitation can involve both short-term andlong-term preventive responses before, during and after the return
of the refugees.
Value will be added to UNHCRs previous and on going QIPs and
reintegration programs as well as to UNDPs and other agenciesinvestments in reintegration, rehabilitation, de-mining and
demobilization.
District and regional capacity building for reintegration and
rehabilitation, including development planning, programming andimplementation, will provide an enabling environment for
sustainability.
Basic principles of the program
strategy
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Mechanisms that will ensure the participation of the
various social and economic stakeholders within theirsocial, cultural and political spheres will be agreed upon,
established and strengthened.
Increased opportunities for reforms and establishment of
links with the various on-going or foreseen initiatives willbe fostered.
Critical areas such as food security, economic recovery,
good governance, including local administration, planning
and joint decision-making and management issues shouldbe taken into full consideration in order to provide an
environment conducive to the sustainability of the
reintegration and rehabilitation activities.
Basic principles of the program strategycont
Basic principles of the program
strategy
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Programming must be inclusive, targeting refugees,
returnees, and the displaced as well as the resident
populations. If reintegration of demobilized personnel is
incorporated as a programming objective, then the
identification, formulation and implementation of
projects for the demobilized should be tied to any
existing, area-based reintegration and rehabilitationstrategy, projects and programs.
National capacities will be strengthened, not only
through the central and regional institutions, but by also
promoting the empowerment of local commitments, civilsociety organizations, associations and small enterprise
sector associations. Thus, joint, participatory, decision-
making mechanisms between the administration and
civil society will be fostered. This will facilitate a moretrans arent environment for the im lementation of the
Basic principles of the program strategycont
Components of the Regional Programme
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Components of the Regional Programme1 Implement the National Pillars onRehabilitation & Reintegration
2 Support the Pillars through RegionalPolicies, Strategies & Activities
3 Build Regional InstitutionalCapacities, for Participatory Decision-
making and Coordination.
Establish policy & guidance toolsfor implementation
Establish coordinating mechanismsfor supervision
Formulate policy advice, strategies& methodologies
Disseminate best practices
Broaden economic opportunities foruprooted populations
Broaden social opportunities for uprootedpeoples
Strengthen good governance & humanrights
Increase capacities for resource
mobilization
Strengthen strategic leadershipcapacities at the IGAD Secretariat
Reinforce the HumanitarianSection at the IGAD Secretariat
Establish an integrated informationsystem and exchange network
Connect IGAD with the global
networks on conflict prevention & post-conflict rehabilitation
Establish & strengthen regionalplanning capacities
Cross-cutting Issues: Gender, Environment & Human Rights
- Human Rights:
Providing guidelines and tools to advocate Human Rights throughout the implementation of the program should be coordinated with the on-goingIGAD activities related to Conflict, prevention, management and resolution.
- Gender:
Providing guidelines and tools for the implementation of the overall program with a Gender Focus, could be implemented in coordination with the
IGAD Womens Desk.
- Environment:
Providing guidelines and tools to implement the overall program with an environmental approach may be implemented in co-ordination with the
IGAD project Promoting Environmental Education and Training Program, and, with the IGAD project Household Energy.
fi i i
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Target Beneficiaries
The direct beneficiaries of the proposed project will be refugees, internallydisplaced persons, returnees, and communities, including those of the ex-
combatants that have hosted large refugee populations
The IGAD Secretariat will benefit through gaining experiences and capacities
to promote cross-border, regional development and economic cooperation atthe grassroots level.
The IGAD member states will also benefit through initiation of development
processes targeting the neediest sectors of their societies. The capacities of
local institutions will be strengthened to better implement similar projects in
their respective areas.
Implementing Partners
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Implementing Partners
Current Activities
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Current Activities
Demonstrative start up activities in Teferiber and Dorwanaji
zones of the Somali National Regional State of Ethiopiafocusing on education ,health, and water supply systems aspart of the sustainable reintegration and rehabilitate ofrefugees ,returnees and displaced people in the IGAD sub-
region.A tripartite agreement between the government of Ethiopia
Administration for refugees and returnees affairs, the SomaliNational Regional State Health Bureau and the
UNDP/IGAD Horn of Africa programme has been signed.UNDP/IGAD Horn of Africa programme has allocated USD
100,000 for these activities. Procurement of equipment andother primary activities underway
I l i C
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Preparation completed to initiate small scaledemonstrative start up development activities
in Ali Sabeh district of the Republic of
Djibouti.
Focus areas in these activities are promotion
of income generation activities through
support to local cooperatives and women,s
associations in the Ali Sabeh district.
Implementation Cont.
HOA Initiatives
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HOA Initiatives
-Governance
* Democratic
* Participatory
-Capacity Development-Coordination
-Regional Cooperation
-Early warning system
-Partnership
-Local ownership
EU
Partnership for all
concerned including
the Bretton Woods
institutions
BrahimiReport
GHOA
USAID
Partnership
Capacity devt.
Coordination
Advocacy
OECD
DAC
Brookings
Process RCF2
AGFUND Japan GGP
Information & Communication
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Information & Communication
Design and develop a strong gis/database
With in the region
Design and implement information distribution/exchange mechanism with in
The region using
Web technology
Multimedia CDIntranet
Information
Pooling
Resource
Programme
Sustained Peace
&
Development