Horst Stöcker

Facility for Antiprotonand Ion Research

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung

From national

To international

GSI – Some Facts and Figures:

• Founded: 1969• Shareholders: Federal Republic of Germany, States of Hesse, Rhineland- Palatinate and Thuringia• Mission: Construction and Operation of Accelerators, Realisation and Start of FAIR; Excellent Heavy Ion Research• Budget (2015): ca. 120 million € (plus project funds for FAIR)• Employees: approx. 1200• Scientific users: 1500; (approx. 1300 external)

Linear Accelerator

Heavy Ions-Synchrotron

Storage Ring

GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung

GSI – Member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF)

- Helmholtz: Facts and Figures

18 Research Centres

37.000 Employees

15.000 Scientists & Engineers

7.000 Doctoral Students

Budget ca. 3.9 Billion Euro (including Third Party Funding)

Largest Research Organization in Germany

Stammsitz Helmholtz-Zentrum

Zweigstelle

Helmholtz-Geschäftsstelle

List

Helgoland

Bremerhaven GeesthachtHamburg

Greifswald

Braunschweig

Wolfenbüttel-Remlingen

Göttingen

MagdeburgPotsdam

Berlin

ZeuthenTeltow

Niemegk

Halle

LeipzigBad Lauchstädt

Köln

Jülich

Bonn

Darmstadt

Heidelberg

Lampoldshausen

Karlsruhe

Suttgart

München

GarchingNeuherberg

Oberpfaffenhofen

Jena

Mainz

Dresden

GSI

Saarbrücken

Kiel

Research Areas in the Helmholtz-Association

Energy

Earth and Environment

Health

Key Technologies

Matter

Transport and Space

- Program Oriented Research & Funding

GSI: Brief History ... and Outlook into the Future

GSI

Philips-University in Marburg

Justus-Liebig-University in Gießen

Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University in Frankfurt

Technical Universityin Darmstadt

J.-Gutenberg-University inMainz

Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg

State of Hessen

• Founded in 1969: as large research infra- structure (Großforschungs- einrichtung) to 'serve' the surrounding universities

• Today: German 'National' Labora- tory for Nuclear and Heavy- Ion Physics; User Facility for European/ International Users

• Future: FAIR - International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

National and International Cooperation

Ca. 50 German Universities and Research Centres

- about 1300 external users- Coop. with about 170 research institutions from over 35 countries

SIS

FRS

ESR

Experimental Areas

Ion Sources

UNILAC

Linear-Accelerator20% speed of light

Ring-Accelerator

all elements

90% speed of light

GSI Accelerator and Experimental Facilities

Fragment Separator'exotic' nuclei

Storage Ring'bare' atoms & exotic nuclei

PHELIX Laser

From

fundamental research into the Structure of Matter and Evolution of the Universe

to

applications and transfer of technologies

Research at GSI

- At GSI: Discovery of six new chemical elements with atomic numbers 107–112 Presently: Hunting for Element 120!H

Li Be

Na Mg

K Ca

Rb Sr

Cs Ba

Fr Ra

Y

Sc

La

Ac

Ti

Hf

Zr

V

Nb

Ta

Cr

Mo

W

Tc

Mn

Re

Fe

Ru

Os

Co

Rh

Ir

Ni

Pd

Pt

Cu

Au

Ag

Zn

Cd

Hg

B

Al

Ga

In

Tl

C

Si

Ge

Sn

Pb

N

P

As

Sb

Bi

O

S

Se

Po

F

Cl

Br

I

At

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg 112Rf

Te

12

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

87 88 89

43

33 34 35 36

51 52 53 54

83 84 85 86

105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112104114114

116116

I

II III IV V VI VII

VIII

113113

115115

58-71

90-103

Bohrium

Hassium

Meitnerium Darmstadtium

Roentgenium

Copernicium

Example I: Search for super-heavy elements ...

117118

119 120? ?

Roentgenium

Naming of Element 112: Copernicium

Pro

ton

nu

mb

er

Neutron number

277X

262BH

265Hs

266Mt

269Ds

272Rg

107

108

109

110111 112

Copernicium Symbol: Cn

274Cn112

12 July 2010

Tumor

harte Röntgenstrahlung

Eindringtiefe [cm]

182 6 10 14

50 %

100 %

0 %

Dam

age

Ion beam

New tumor therapy with Ion beams:§ as precise as a scalpel§ extremely efficient in fighting tumor cells

Example II: Cancer Therapy with Ion beams...

Penetration depth / cm

X rays

From Clinical Studies at GSI... ... to Standard Medical Application

• more than 450 patients• tumor control rate 80 % - 90 %• almost no side-effects• accepted by health insurers

- Cooperation and License Contract with Siemens Medical Solutions-Other clinical ion beam facilities: Shanghai, Marburg-Gießen, …

-Cooperation with Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia

Pilot phase at GSI Heidelberg Ion Therapy HIT

• start of patient treatments: Nov. 2009• first clinical ion beam unit in Europe• three treatment stations• Goal: 1000 patients per year

100 m

UNILAC

SIS 18

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

RESR

ESR

Beam intensity by a factor of 100 - 10000 Beam energy by a factor of 20 Anti-matter beams Unique beam quality Parallel operation

Added value

Construction in modules 0 – 5, … Modularized Start Version: Modules 0 - 3 Construction cost: 1.027 Billion Euro (2005) Scientific Pillars:

- APPA: Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics, Applic. - CBM: Compresed Baryonic Matter- NuSTAR: Nucl Structure & Astrophysics- PANDA: Hadron Structure & Dynamics In total: 2500 – 3000 Users

Construction, cost, scientific communities

The Long Term Perspective: FAIR

• existing facility• new facility

65 % Federal Republic 10 % State of Hessen 25 % International Partners

Funding (Construction)

Fast accelerationHigh gradient, variable frequency

Ferrite & MA loaded cavities

Compact & cost effective acceleratorsFast cycling superconducting magnets

dB/dt ~ 4T/s

Precision beamsElectron & stochastic cooling

XHV @ high beam intensitiesExtremely high vacuum ~10-13 mbar

Accelerator Challenges

14Horst Stöcker

FAIR Experimentswith KVI engagement

15

CBM

PANDA:Antiproton Physics

NuSTAR:Nucl. StructureAstrophysics

Super-FRS

APPA: Atoms; Plasmas,Materials; Bio- & Space Res.

Horst Stöcker

Anti-Proton Annihilation @ DA

16

PANDA

Horst Stöcker

Search for Heavy Glueballs• Charmed glueballs

– flavour blind decays• charmed final states

– only a few charmed mesons around 3 - 4 MeV/c2

• less mixing

• Exotic glueballs (oddballs), no mixing!– m(2+-) = 4140(50)(200)

MeV– m(0+-) = 4740(70)(230)

MeV– decay modes , , J/,

J/ – Narrow widths predicted

17

Morningstar & Peardon, PRD60(1999)34509Morningstar & Peardon, PRD56(1997)4043

Compressed Baryonic Matter

18

SIS100/300

CBM @ FAIRCBM @ FAIR

Horst Stöcker

High Baryon Density @ CBM

19Horst Stöcker

NuSTAR

20Horst Stöcker

S=-1

S=-2

S=-0

New Dimensions in Chart of Nuclides

-2

-1

NuSTAR

22

NuSTAR

Super-FRS

Secondary Beams: Broad range of radioactive ion beams up to 2 GeV/uRI- Intensities up to 10 000 over present

Primary HI Beams:• 40Ar18+ 2x1012/s @ 1 – 2 GeV/u• 238U28+: 5x1011/s @ 1 – 2 GeV/u

• 40Ar18+ 2x1010/s @ 1 – 45 GeV/u• 238U92+: 1x1010/s @ 1 – 35 GeV/u100 x 1000 times current intensity

Horst Stöcker

in 2022

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Thank You!