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CONTENTS

I INRODUCTION Page No.

1.1. An Overview

1.2. Mission of the Project

1.3. Background Study

1.3.1. The Organization Profile

1.3.2. Study on Existing System

II SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1. Study on Proposed System

2.1.1. Defining the problem

2.1.2. Developing Solution Strategies

2.2. User Requirement Specification

2.3. Software Requirement Specification

2.4. System Specification

2.4.1. Application Specification2.4.2. Hardware Specification

2.4.3. Software Specification

2.4.4. Network Specification

2.5. Cost Estimation and Scheduling

2.6. Final Outline of the Proposed System

III DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

3.1 Fundamental Design Concepts

3.2 Design Notations

3.2.1. Structure Chart

3.2.2. Data Flow Diagram

3.2.3 .ER Diagram

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3.3 Design Process

3.3.1 Database Design

3.3.2 Input Design

3.3.3 Output Design

3.4 Development Approach

IV TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1. Testing

4.1.1 Testing Methodologies

4.2. Quality Assurance

4.2.1. Generic risks

4.2.2. Security Technologies & Policies

4.3. System Implementation

4.3.1. Implementation Procedures

4.2.2 User Manual

4.3 System Maintenance

V CONCLUSION

5.1 Scope for Future Enhancement

5.2 Bibliography

ANNEXURE-A

1. Input Design

2. Out Design

3. Sample Source

ANNEXURE-B

Abbreviation

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INRODUCTION

1.1. An Overview

HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Hotel Management System is a software system where the management ofentire hotel is computerized. The hotel management system is designed using

visual basic.net as the rich GUI for front end and MS-Access as the secured

backend database.

In this project the details are maintained like customer details, reservation

details, Booking details and billing details The reservation process of reserving

rooms for the customers, canceling the reserved rooms, booking the rooms ,

vacating the rooms, the restaurant management, billing process, etc all are

computerized and the management is done without any difficulty.

The reports can be viewed completely and the head of the management daily

or weekly or monthly can review it. For company auditing it will be more useful.

This Proposed System will be interactive, faster and user-friendly for the end users.

Using the hotel management system, the following activities can be performed.

o Booking or reservations of the rooms

o Cancellation of the rooms

o Cash billing

o Room service / Restaurant service

o

Restaurant billing

o Total billing

o Travels arrangement

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1.2. Mission of the Project

The mission is to to facilitate easy management and administration of a hotel with

capabilities to do Booking or reservations of the rooms, Cancellation of the rooms, Cash billing,

Room service, Restaurant service, Restaurant billing, Total billing, Travels arrangement etc.

using the automated hotel management software. One can keep detailed records or info on an

unlimited amount of customers.The system lets the user know which all rooms are available for

occupancy at any point of time. This makes the booking considerably faster. And thus helps the

hotel in better management and reduce a lot of paper work as well as manpower.

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1.3. Background Study

1.3.1. The Organization Profile

N Solutions is an emerging provider of IT development solutions, servicing customers

nationwide.The ability of N Solutions to anticipate future technological requirements and

capabilities is vital to the success of their business and that of their clients. The objective of N

Solutions is to work, communicate and support customers as the pace of change accelerates and

demands grow.

N Solutions business lines include:

Tailor-made software solutions development

Outsourcing software development

Business solutions deployment and integration

IT Consulting

IT Infrastructure building / maintenance and related services including technical support

to both customers and IT companies.

N Solutions software development services cover the complete project life cycle, from

requirement assessment and task definition, to solution development, to implementation and

integration, followed by support and maintenance. The ability to integrate software with existing

systems by expanding information systems infrastructure is an important advantage of N

Solutions as a turn-key solution provider.

N Solutions expertise covers the following areas:

Enterprise Application Integration;

Data Warehousing and Decision Support;

Electronic Document Management;

Information Security;

Internet/Intranet and e-Commerce solutions.

Excellent quality of N Solutions software development is guaranteed by their team of

professionals with certified skills and experienced project managers. N Solutions also ensures

quality control at all stages of development process. Transparent software development process

and interaction with the customer are taken utmost care at N Solutions. They give their clients a

real commercial advantage by the professionalism, flexibility and specialist knowledge

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1.3.2. Study on Existing System

EXISTING SYSTEM

Hotel Management involves maintaining various operations of the hotel like Booking or

reservations of the rooms, Cancellation of the rooms, Cash billing, Room service, Restaurant

service, Restaurant billing, Total billing, Travels arrangement etc. The existing system is a

manual one and there is lot of issues like erroneous data, slow process, lack of security etc.

Finding out the final payment amount completely relies on the hotel manager and if he is absent,

it takes a long time to find out the details during check out and is prone to errors.

Drawbacks of the Existing System

Manual entry consumes more time.

It is difficult to maintain bulk of record in manual.

Restrictions in the users.

Not easy to prepare the daily reports.

Lack of accuracy and error prone.

Overall efficiency is less.

Lot of paperwork.

Non-secure.

No perfect maintenance of report.

No method to trace details

Human errors

The manual system is too slow

Searching is more time consuming

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II SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1. Study on Proposed System

2.1.1. Defining the problem

Currently,the system used is manual. It requires a lot of time spared in writing the details

in the paper and manually validates and maintains the records It can involve lots of search and

time wastage. Preserving and maintaining large amount of data manually is a difficult task. The

existing system is a manual one and there is lot of issues like erroneous data, slow process, lack

of security etc. Finding out the final payment amount completely relies on the hotel manager and

if he is absent, it takes a long time to find out the details during check out and is prone to errors.

2.1.2. Developing Solution Strategies

The proposed system is to facilitate easy management and administration of a hotel with



using the automated hotel management software.

Advantages of proposed system

The following are the objectives and highlights of the proposed system

Secure data Faster process

Error Free

Better management

Save a lot of manpower

Can easily make the daily reports

Elimination of Paper work.

High reliability and security.

Fast and economical.

Maintains large Terabytes of data.

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the check in and checkout details of the person. The Restaurant bill is generated based on the

food items consumed by the guest during his stay in the hotel.

Reports

This module deals with the generation of the reports for the various modules. The

customer list can be generated. Room status list can be retrieved for reference. The check in and

check out registers can also be retrieved for any future queries.

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2.3. Software Requirement Specification

VB.NET

Visual Basic (VB) is a programming language based on the original DOS language called

BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). VB.NET 2005, an offshoot of

Visual Basic, is an object-oriented programming language based on VB that is implemented

using the Microsoft .NET framework. The basic syntax of the Visual Basic language remains

unchanged in VB.NET 2005, but includes additional features such as structured exception

handling and short circuited expressions to enhance the infrastructure of the programming

language.

Developers have found VB.NET to be controversial as some of the software and

developmental changes clash with the original language within VB and have caused

compatibility issues. Visual Studio .NET is the predominant integrated development environment

(IDE) that VB.NET developers employ.

Visual Basic programmers supporting VB.NET indicate that language constructs and

user interface features in the newer system have caused programming issues within the original

VB system. Developers using VB.NET recognize that the upgraded VB system incorporates

contemporary object oriented programming paradigms in a more stable environment than was

originally thought possible.

Visual Basic .NET is a programming language that can be used to create win forms or

web applications and create programming based in any object-oriented programming language

(OOP), ADO.NET, Multithreading or Windows Services. VB.NET programming utilizes

concepts connected to string encryption, forms inheritance, regular expressions and deployment.

TEN ENHANCEMENTS

1. Visual Basic is truly object-oriented.

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2. The new Windows Forms model for programming a user interface is more powerful than

ever, and bundles convenient controls for everything from system tray icons to print previewing

to web browser windows.

3. Theres no automatic type conversion: Option Strict lets you turn off this dangerous

convenience.

4. Structured error handling makes it as easy to trap an error in Visual Basic as in any other

modern programming language.

5. ASP.NET provides the easiest and most powerful system to date for programming web

applications.

6. Method overloading now allows you to create different versions of methods with the same

name, but with different arguments. Visual Basic 2005 will use the correct one automatically.

7. Even critics cant deny that the new development environment is heartstoppingly beautiful.

Does any other language offer collapsible code, intelligent dynamic help, and an entire

programming language for creating macros?

8. A new event model lets you connect multiple event handlers to a single control and store

function references in special variables,

called delegates.

9. Initializers let you set the value of a variable on the same line where it is declared.

10. Metadata means that DLL Hell may finally be a thing of the past. You can now set up a

program just by copying its directorya capability that hasnt existed in the Windows world for

years.

DATABASE DESIGN

A collection of data designed to be used by different people is called a database. It is

collection interrelated data stored together with controlled redundancy to serve one or more

applications in an optional fashion.

The data is stored in such a fashion that it is independent of the programs of people using

the data. A common and controlled approach is used in adding new data and modifying and

retrieving existing data with in the database.

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MICROSOFT SQL SERVER

SQL SERVER 2005 is a Relational Database Management System. The abbreviation is

Structure Query Language. SQL is the language used to query the database. SQL is a declarative

language where you just say store this or modify this without saying how to do. It is the product

of Microsoft. The version of SQL used by SQL SERVER 2005 is called Transact SQL. It

supports the client/server architecture. It receives requests from the clients for data and returns

the result of the processed query. All the SQL statements are submitted to the Transact-SQL,

which on receiving them passes the result and displays it for the user.

SQL solved the ad hoc needs of users; the need for data access by computer programs did

not go away. In fact, most database access still was (and is) programmatic, in the form of

regularly scheduled reports and statistical analyses, data entry programs such as those used for

order entry, and data manipulation programs, such as those used to reconcile accounts and

generate work orders.

The following is a list of relational database that support SQL:

SQL SERVER

MS Access

Sybase

Oracle

Ingress

Informix

Features of SQL

SQL is used to query the database to get results

Used to inserts new data

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Used to modify the data

Extremely flexible query language

Over the years its functional capabilities can be extended

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2.4. System Specification

2.4.1. Application Specification

In Client/Server architecture, a web application sends requests to a web server using a

private network. This is usually some type of local area network (LAN) or wide area network

(WAN). The server processes these requests and returns data. The results of the request are

handled as response to the client machines.

Hotel managment

System

Client1Client2

requests

Client3Client4

response

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2.4.2. Hardware Specification

Processor : Pentium IV

Clock Speed : 2 GHz

RAM : 512 MB

Hard disk Capacity : 80 GB

Floppy disk Capacity : 1.44 MB

Keyboard : 101 Keys

Mouse : Optical Mouse

2.4.3. Software Specification

Front End : VB.net

Back End : MS SQL

Operating System : Windows 2000/XP or above

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2.4.4. Network Specification

The two standard input device viz., keyboard and mouse are used to get input from all users. The

system will be working on HTTP protocol for intranet. The centralized server will be a windows

server with a web server installed. The client machines connect to it through ordinary LAN

settings. The Client machines need to have a browser to access the remote web server through

http requests.

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2.5. Cost Estimation and Scheduling

Computing the development time using Intermediate COCOMO is done in two stages. The

parameter, the length of the product in KDSI (thousand delivered source instructions) is

estimated. Then, using this, the nominal effort is calculated. This project is considered to be

essentially straightforward and hence it comes under organic mode. The nominal effort (in

person-months) is given by,

Nominal Effort = 4* (2) 1.05 person-months

= 4 * 2.07

= 8.3 person-months.

Next, this nominal value must be multiplied by 15 software development effort

multipliers. These multipliers are as follows:

Intermediate COCOMO software development effort multipliers for this project are

as follows:

COST DRIVERS SITUATION RATINGEFFORT

MULTIPLIER

(1)PRODUCT

ATTRIBUTES1. Required Software

Reliability

Normal finance for

SoftwareNominal 1.00

2. Database Size Few bytes Very low3. Product Complexity Processing Details Nominal 1.00

(2) COMPUTER

ATTRIBUTES4. Execution Time

ConstraintWill use a little time Nominal 1.00

5. Main StorageConstraint

Medium size storagearea

Low 0.87

6. Virtual Machine

Volatility

Commercial

Microprocessor

Hardware

Nominal 1.00

7. Computer Turnaround Average Turnaround Nominal 1.00

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Time Time

(3) PERSONNEL

ATTRIBUTES

8. Analyst Capabilities Good senior analysts High 0.86

9. Applications

Experience Few years Low 1.13

10. Programmer

CapabilityJunior Programmer Nominal 1.00

11. Virtual Machine

ExperienceSix Months Low 1.10

12. Programming

Language

Experience

Six Months Low 1.07

(4) PROJECTATTRIBUTES

13. Use of Modern

Programming Practices

Most techniques in use

over one yearHigh 0.91

14. Use of Software

ToolsMinicomputer Nominal 1.00

15. Required

Development ScheduleSix Months Low 1.08

The estimated development effort is obtained by multiplying the nominal effort by the 15

multipliers. Using the above values, the product of the multipliers is calculated as 0.97, so the

estimated effort for the project is0.97 * 8.23= 8.02 person-months

Thus, the approximate cost is calculated as:

8 .02* 2500 = Rs. 20000

Scheduling

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Scheduling is the culmination of a planning activity that is a primary component of

software project management. When combined with estimation methods and risk analysis,

scheduling establishes a road map for the project manager. Scheduling begins with process

decomposition.

Analysis

17%

Design22%

Coding

18%

Testing

17%

Maintenance

16%

Implementation

10%

Fig. Scheduling Chart

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Scheduling Table

Phases Days

Requirement Analysis 32

Design 40Coding 35

Testing 32

Implementation 11Maintenance 30

PERT and CPM one two of the many network techniques have been widely used for planning,

scheduling and controlling the large and complex projects.

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2.6. Final Outline of the Proposed System

The proposed system is to facilitate easy management and administration of a hotel with



using the automated hotel management software.

Advantages of proposed system

The following are the objectives and highlights of the proposed system

Secure data

Faster process

Error Free

Better management

Save a lot of manpower

Can easily make the daily reports

Elimination of Paper work.

High reliability and security.

Fast and economical.

Maintains large Terabytes of data.

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III DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

3.1 Fundamental Design Concepts

Although the degree of interest in each concept has varied over the years, each has stood the test

of time. Each provides the software designer with a foundation from which more sophisticated

design methods can be applied. Fundamental design concepts provide the necessary framework

for getting it right.

3.2 Design Notations

3.2.1. Structure Chart

3.2.2. Data Flow Diagram

The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important tools used by system analysts. Data

flow diagrams are made up of a number symbols, which represent system components. Most data

flow modeling methods use four kinds of symbols. These symbols are used to represent four

kinds of system components such as Processes, data stores, data flows and external entities.

Circles in DFD represent processes. Data Flow is represented by a thin line in the DFD

and each data store has a unique name and rectangle represents external entities. Unlike detailed

flow chart, Data Flow Diagrams do not supply detailed description of the modules but

graphically describes a systems data and how the data interact with the system.

An arrow identifies the data flow in motion. It is a pipeline through which information is

flown like the rectangle in the flowchart. A circle stands for process that converts data into

information. An open-ended box represents a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of

data. A square defines a source or destination of system data.

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

DFD for Hotel Management System

DFD for Overall System:

DFD for Authentication:

DataData and

Commands

Hotel

Management

System

DatabaseUser

User Name &

PasswordUser

Validate the

User

Alert

Message

DataProcessing Database

Invalid

User

Valid User

Data

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DFD for modules in the Hotel Management System

Customer Data D a t a

D a t a

RestaurantBill Details

Bill Details

Enquiry Data

Room

Data

User

Data

Food Details

User Process

the

Request

Restaurant Billing

Food Entry

Bill Entry

Enquiry Entry

Room Entry

Reservation Entry

Check-in Entry

Check-Out Entry

Database

ReportsReport Generation

User Management

Reservation Data

Check-in Data

Checkout Data

Report Data

Customer Entry

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Valid Data

Data Data

Data

Data

Data

Data

Data

Data

DFD for user Entry:

Request

New IDAdd Record

Modified

Record

Delete Record

View Record

Generate

ID

Users

Last ID

Validate

Data

Alert

Message

Invalid Data

Users

Report

User

Data

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Valid Data

Data

Status

Data Data

Room Status Room Type

DFD for Room Enquiry:

Data

RequestNew ID

New Enquiry

Change Status

Generate

ID

Enquiry

Last ID

ValidateData

Alert

Message

Invalid Data

EnquiryReport

Enquiry

Data

Enquiry_Det

Room_Master

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Valid Data

Data

Status

DataData

Room Status Room Type

DFD for Room Booking:

Data

Request

New ID

New

Reservation

Change

Reservation

Status

Generate

ID

Reservation

Last ID

ValidateData

Alert

Message

Invalid Data

Reservation

Report

Reservation

Data

Room_Master

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DFD for Check-in and Checkout and Billing:

Data

Data Request for bill CheckinID Checkin DetailsRoom No &

C ID

Data to be Validated

Room ID

& Status

Check-in Details

Room ID

Data

Get Room

Status

Customer

Room_Master

New Check in

Checkout

View Details

Validatethe data

Valid Data

Invalid Data

Alert Message

Check-in &

Checkout

Report

Get Details

Check_in_Out

Check-in.

Details

Checkout

Details

CheckinID

Generate Bill Hotel_Bill

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Order Details

Request

Data Variety ID Rate

Data

Request

DFD for Restaurant:

3.2.3 .ER Diagram

Request Data

Request

Data

Variety

Details

Data

Bill Details

Get Food

Variety

Details

Food_Variety

NewBill

View Bills

Get Rate

Restaurant

Bills

Report

Food

Details

New

Food

Variety

View

Varieties

Food

Varieties

Report

Rest_Bill

Generate

Bill

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The entity relationship diagram is based on a perception of real world that consists of a

collection of basic objects, called entities and of relationship among the objects. Entities are

described in a database by a set of attributes. The set of all entities of the same type, and the set

of all relationships of the same type, are termed as an entity set, and relationship set respectively.

The overall logical structure of a database can be expressed graphically by an entity relationship

diagram, which is built up using the notations

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Food Variety

Restaurant Bill

Users

Hotel Management

System

Reservation

Customer

Room Master

Enquiry

Enquiry

Details

H

as

Y

Yy

Y Y

N

Y

N

Check-in-ou

Hotel Bill

H

as

H

asHa

Has

H

as

H

as

H

as

Y

Y

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3.3 Design Process

3.3.1 Database Design

TABLE DESIGN

Users:

Field Name Datatype Description Constraint

Username varchar2(15) User Name Primary key

Password varchar2(15) Password

Fname varchar2(15) First NameLname varchar2(15) Last Name

Address varchar2(50) Address

Phno varchar2(15) Phone No

Mbno varchar2(15) Mobile No

Dept varchar2(15) Department

Desg varchar2(15) Designation

Room_Master:

Field Name Datatype Description ConstraintRoomno number(4) Room No primary key

Roomtype varchar2(15) Room type

Status number(1) Status

Tariff number(7,2)) Tariff

Customer:


cid number(5) Customer ID primary key

cname varchar2(20) Customer Nameaddress varchar2(50) Address

phno varchar2(15) Phone No

mbno varchar2(15) Mobile No

Enquiry:

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Enqid number(7) Enquiry ID primary key

Edate varchar2(10) Enquiry Date

Ename varchar2(20) Enquirer Name

Eaddr varchar2(50) Enquirer Address

Phno varchar2(15) Enquirer Phone NoMbno varchar2(15) Enquirer Mobile No

Estatus varchar2(10)) Enquiry Status

Enquiry_det:


Enqid number(7) Enquiry ID Primary Key,Foreign Key

Roomtype varchar2(10) Room Type Enquired Primary Key,

Noofrooms number(3) No of Rooms

Excepcheckindt varchar2(10) Expected Checkin Date

Noofdays number(2) No of Days

Reservation:


Rid number(5) Reservation ID primary key

cid number(5) Customer ID Foreign Key

rdt varchar2(10) Reservation Date

noofdays number(3) No of Days

roomno number(4) Room No

rstatus varchar2(10) Reservation Status

Check_in_out:


Checkinid number(5) Check-in ID primary key

cid number(5) Customer ID Foreign Key

ckdate varchar2(10) Check-in Date

cktime varchar2 (6) Check-in Time

noofper number(2) No of Persons

roomno number(4) Room No

noofdays number(2) No of Daysadvance number(9,2) Advance

cktdt varchar2(10) Checkout Date

ckttm varchar2(5)) Checkout Time

Hotel_Bill:

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Billno number(5) Bill No primary key

Checkinid number(5) Check-in ID Foreign Key

Sertax number(4,2) Service Tax (%)

Extchrg number(7,2) Extra Charge

Food_Variety:


Varietyid number(5) Variety ID primary key

Varietyname varchar2(20) Variety Name

Cost number(7,2)) Cost

Rest_Bill:


Rbillno number(5) Restaurant Bill No Primary keyVarietyid number(5) Variety ID Primary key, Foreign Key

Rbilldt varchar2(10) Restaurant bill Date

Qty number(2) Quantity

Tax number(4,2) Tax (%)

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3.3.2 Input Design

The input design is the link that ties the information system into the world of its users. It

is a process of converting user-originated inputs to a computer-based format. Input data are

collected and organized into a group of similar data. Once identified, appropriate input media

are selected for processing.

The goal of designing input data is to make entry easy, logical and free form errors. In

input data design, we design source document that capture the data and then select the media

used to enter them into the computer. The input forms are developed in a user-friendly way so

that a layman also can easily understand everything. Menus are provided to users and differenticons are designed so the proposed system design looks decorative. Input design is the part of the

overall system design.

Source documents initiate a processing cycle as soon as they are entered into the system

through the keyboard. A source should be logical and easy to understand.

Objectives of Input Design:

1 To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.

2 To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user.

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Screens

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3.3.3 Output Design

Output forms are also designed in a specific manner as per the user requirement. Results

are formatted to enhance clarity. Depending on the user the system would generate appropriate

output. The output forms are designed in such a way that the entire user required data is

presented.

While designing an output, the system analyst must accomplish the following.

Determine what information to present

Decide whether to display, print or speak information and select the output

medium.

Arrange the presentation of information in an acceptable form.

Decide how to distribute the output to intended users.

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3.4 Development Approach

The ultimate aim of the proposed system is to provide service to the customers. They

need to get trained to use the newly proposed system. Hence developing a system without the

users feedback will lead to discard of the system. So Rapid Application model was used to

develop the system.

A rough interface of the system is given to the users for their feedback and suggestions.

Then the modifications are done. But as the system evolved and after a series of interactions and

demonstrations, the user felt comfortable with the newly developed system.

The system went through the following stages:

The software request is evaluated

Product requirements are collected

Design specification for the prototype is prepared

Prototype software is developed, tested and refined

Prototype is given to the user, who tested the system any gave suggestions for

further refinement

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The process during the development of the software using the RAD model is

Requirement Gathering

Abbreviated

Representation

Prototype

Generation

Testing and

Refinement

Hotel Management

System

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IV TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1. Testing

4.1.1 Testing Methodologies

Testing is a process used to help identify the correctness, completeness and quality of developed

computer software. There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing of

complex products is essentially a process of investigation, not merely a matter of creating and

following rote procedure. One definition of testing is "the process of questioning a product in

order to evaluate it", where the "questions" are things the tester tries to do with the product, and

the product answers with its behavior in reaction to the probing of the tester.

The quality of the application can and normally does vary widely from system to system but

some of the common quality attributes include reliability, stability, portability, maintainability

and usability.

Testing objectives include

1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.

2. A goodtest case is one that has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error.

3. A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.

Testing should systematically uncover different classes of errors in a minimum amount of time

and with a minimum amount of effort. A secondary benefit of testing is that it demonstrates that

the software appears to be working as stated in the specifications. The data collected through

testing can also provide an indication of the software's reliability and quality. But, testing cannot

show the absence of defect -- it can only show that software defects are present.
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Black box testing

Black box testing attempts to derive sets of inputs that will fully exercise all the functional

requirements of a system. It is not an alternative to white box testing. This type of testing

attempts to find errors in the following categories:

1. incorrect or missing functions,

2. interface errors,

3. errors in data structures or external database access,

4. performance errors, and

5. initialization and termination errors.

White box testing

This testing is based on knowledge of the internal logic of an applications code. Also known as

Glass box Testing. Internal software and code working should be known for this type of testing.

Tests are based on coverage of code statements, branches, paths, conditions. White box testing is

a test case design methodthat uses the control structure of the procedural design to derive test

cases. Test cases can be derived that

1. Guarantee that all independent paths within a module have been exercised at least once.2.Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides,

3. Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds, and

4. Exercise internal data structures to ensure their validity.

Website Cookie Testing

Cookie is small information stored in text file on users hard drive by web server.

This information is later used by web browser to retrieve information from that machine.

Generally cookie contains personalized user data or information that is used to

communicate between different web pages.

Cookies are nothing but the users identity and used to track where the user

navigated throughout the web site pages. The communication between web browser and

web server is stateless.
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Test cases:

1) As a Cookie privacy policy make sure from your design documents that no personal or

sensitive data is stored in the cookie.

2) If you have no option than saving sensitive data in cookie make sure data stored in cookie is

stored in encrypted format.

3) Make sure that there is no overuse of cookies on your site under test. Overuse of cookies will

annoy users if browser is prompting for cookies more often and this could result in loss of site

traffic and eventually loss of business.

4) Disable the cookies from your browser settings: If you are using cookies on your site, yoursites major functionality will not work by disabling the cookies. Then try to access the web site

under test. Navigate through the site. See if appropriate messages are displayed to user like For

smooth functioning of this site make sure that cookies are enabled on your browser. There

should not be any page crash due to disabling the cookies

5) Accepts/Reject some cookies: The best way to check web site functionality is, not to accept all

cookies. If you are writing 10 cookies in your web application then randomly accept some

cookies say accept 5 and reject 5 cookies. For executing this test case you can set browser

options to prompt whenever cookie is being written to disk. On this prompt window you can

either accept or reject cookie. Try to access major functionality of web site. See if pages are

getting crashed or data is getting corrupted.

6) Delete cookie: Allow site to write the cookies and then close all browsers and manually delete

all cookies for web site under test. Access the web pages and check the behavior of the pages.

7) Corrupt the cookies: Corrupting cookie is easy. You know where cookies are stored. Manually

edit the cookie in notepad and change the parameters to some vague values. Like alter the cookie

content, Name of the cookie or expiry date of the cookie and see the site functionality. In some

cases corrupted cookies allow to read the data inside it for any other domain. This should not

happen in case of your web site cookies.

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8 ) Checking the deletion of cookies from your web application page: Some times cookie written

by domain say rediff.com may be deleted by same domain but by different page under that

domain. This is the general case if you are testing some action tracking web portal. Action

tracking or purchase tracking pixel is placed on the action web page and when any action or

purchase occurs by user the cookie written on disk get deleted to avoid multiple action logging

from same cookie.

9) Cookie Testing on Multiple browsers: This is the important case to check if your web

application page is writing the cookies properly on different browsers as intended and site works

properly using these cookies. You can test your web application on Major used browsers like

Internet explorer (Various versions), Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Opera etc.

10) If your web application is using cookies to maintain the logging state of any user then log in

to your web application using some username and password. In many cases you can see the

logged in user ID parameter directly in browser address bar. Change this parameter to different

value say if previous user ID is 100 then make it 101 and press enter. The proper access message

should be displayed to user and user should not be able to see other users account.

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4.2. Quality Assurance

4.2.1. Generic risks

4.2.2. Security Technologies & Policies

A computer-base system is a combination of many assets or resources designed to perform some

function or to provide some services.Each of these assets is threatened by one or more of the

following unacceptable events:

Interruption

Disclosure

Removal

Destruction

Security Issues

The term security can be divided into four related issues

Security

Integrity

Privacy

Confidentiality

Authentication

In the system brief log on procedure for the customer was provided in order to enter and

accessthe system. This process is done in order to identify the valid user.

These attributes are stored in a table that cannot be easily trapped by unauthorized persons.

File protection

The various files and database tables are also highly secured in this system. The necessity for

securing the files and the table evolves because some persons who were not given authorization

for access may hacker files and corrupt the tables with wrong data which will response

tremendous hazards to the operations of the system. So in order to avoid these things,the data

encryption standards engine is attached to all files and database tables associated with the

system,which will facilitate encryption and decryption of files. Backup of the system are also

taken as a preventive measure.

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4.3. System Implementation

Implementation is the stage of the project where the theoretical design is turned into a

working system. At this stage the main work load and the major impact on the existing system

shifts to the user department. If the implementation is not carefully planned and controlled, it can

cause chaos and confusion.

Implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert from the old system

to the new one. The new system may be totally new, replacing an existing manual or automated

system or it may be a major modification to an existing system. Proper implementation is

essential to provide a reliable system to meet the organization requirements.

The process of putting the developed system in actual use is called system

implementation. The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and it is

found to be working according to the specifications. The system personnel check the feasibility

of the system. The most crucial stage is achieving a new successful system and giving

confidence on the new system for the user that it will work efficiently and effectively. It involves

careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on implementation. The

system implementation has three main aspects. They are education and training, system testing

and changeover.

The implementation stage involves following tasks.

Careful planning

Investigation of system and constraints

Design of methods to achieve the changeover.

Training of the staff in the changeover phase

Evaluation of the changeover method

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4.3.2 User Manual

To achieve the objectives and benefits expected from the proposed system it is essential

for the people who will be involved to be confident of their role in the new system. As system

becomes more complex, the need for education and training is more and more important.

Education is complementary to training. It brings life to formal training by explaining

the background to the resources for them. Education involves creating the right atmosphere and

motivating user staff. Education information can make training more interesting and more

understandable.

Training on the Application Software

After providing the necessary basic training on the computer awareness, the users will

have to be trained on the new application software. This will give the underlying philosophy of

the use of the new system such as the screen flow, screen design, type of help on the screen,

type of errors while entering the data, the corresponding validation check at each entry and the

ways to correct the data entered. This training may be different across different user groups and

across different levels of hierarchy.

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Preventive Maintenance

The fourth maintenance activity occurs when software is changed to improve future

maintainability or reliability, or to provide a better basis for future enhancements. Often called

preventive maintenance, this activity is characterized by reverse engineering and re-engineering

techniques.

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CONCLUSION

5.1 Scope for Future Enhancement

The growth of any organization leads to enhancements, in future the system can be enhanced

according to requirements. In order to become an effective system, the developed system should

provide room for improvement and enhancement.

Hotel Management System is a software system where the management of entire hotel is

computerized. The reservation process of reserving rooms for the customers, canceling the

reserved rooms, booking the rooms, vacating the rooms, the restaurant management, billing

process, etc all are computerized and the management is done without any difficulty. The reports

can be viewed completely and the head of the management daily or weekly or monthly can

review it. For company auditing it will be more useful.

In future employee details, attendance maintenance and salary calculations can also be

incorporated.

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5.2 Bibliography

Books

1. Professional VB.net 2nd Edition

Fried Barwell, Richard Blair, Richard Case, Jonathan Crossland, Bill Forgey, Whitney Hankison,

Billy S .Hollis, Rockford Lhotka, Tim McCarthy, Jan D.Narkiewicz, Jonathan Pinnock,RamaRamachandran, Mathew Reynolds, John Roth, Bill Sempf, Bill Sheldon.

2. Visual Basic.NET:The Complete Reference

Jeffrey R.Shapiro

3. Comdex .NET Programming Course KitVikas Gupta,Kogent Solutions Inc

4. Software Engineering

Roger S. Pressman., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited

5. System Analysis and Design

Elias. M Award., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited

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SAMPLE SOURCE CODE

Documents

Hotel_MGT