How Developing Countries Can Produce Emergency Food And ...21sci-tech.com/Subscriptions/Spring-2009_ONLINE/Deep_Tropical_s… · during the Japanese oc-cupation of Malaya. The danger

21stCenturyScience&Technology Spring2009 29

AlthoughMalaysiahasdevelopedfairlywellsincein-dependencefromtheBritishin1957,itstillonlypro-ducesone-halfofitsfood.1Whattherathercompla-

centandwell-fedMalaysianpopulationunfortunatelydoesnotknowisthatthecountry,caughtupinthemidstofanor-chestratedcollapseinworldfoodproductionandtheglobal

How Developing Countries Can Produce Emergency Food And Gain Self-Sufficiencyby Mohd Peter Davis and N. Yogendran

Earth Observatory/NASA

Crop circles, in (a) Libya, (b) Jordan, and (c) Kansas, using center pivot irrigation systems. Today these crop circles use underground water for irrigation. But with cheap and abundant electricity and desalinated water pro-duced by fourth-generation modular nuclear reactors, irrigated crop circles can spread throughout the vast tropical zone, solving the world food crisis and improv-ing the nutrition of a much larger world population.

Google Earth

Google Maps

Malaysia’srevolutionaryDeepTropicalagriculturalsystemisamodelforfeedingtheworld—fast—andbringingthedevelopingnationsoutoffeudalpoverty.

(a)

(b)

(c)

�0 Spring2009 21stCenturyScience&Technology

meltdown of the econo-my, isnow inaprecari-oussituationandfacesarepeat of the starvationwhich occurred in thewartime naval blockadeduring the Japanese oc-cupation of Malaya.Thedanger is that theBritishEmpire isnowpoised tore-colonizeandbring toheel its former colony,whichhasbecomeanin-spiring role model fordowntroddendevelopingnations.

Theneedforfoodself-sufficiencyandthethreatto national survival hasdrivenustofindafastso-lution for producingemergency food forMa-laysia. We believe thatour Deep Tropical agri-cultural system, whichhas blossomed only inthe last year or so, after20yearsofratherlonelyresearch and entrepre-neurship,canalsobead-opted immediately bythosedevelopingtropicalcountriesthathavesuffi-cient rainfall or under-ground water, and laterbytherestofthetropical

nations as nuclear-powered desalinated water comes onstream.

MalaysiaisnowmakinggreatadvanceswithitsDeepTropi-calagriculturalsystemthat“doubleleapfrogs”boththeback-yardfarmingindevelopingcoun-tries and the grazing systems inmoreadvancedtemperatecoun-tries.2ADeepTropical intensivedairyfarminMalaysia,basedongrass plantation and climate-controlled-housed cows, whichstartedfromscratchinSeptember2007, is today selling commer-cialquantitiesoftopqualitymilkand by December 2009 will bewellontargettoproduce15,000litersofmilkperday,froma150-hectaregrassplantationemploy-ingjust25staff.(Seeboxformile-stones in the Deep Tropicalsystem.)

Thetimetoclear theland,es-tablishaplantation,buildamod-

erndairy, andachieve full-scalemilkproduction from1,200cowsisthereforeexpectedtobeonly27months.Theanticipat-edreturnoninvestmentis�-4years,betterthanmanymodernfactories,andgovernmentcirclesandinvestorsaregettinginter-ested.

Malaysia’sfirstlarge-scaleDeepTropicaldairyfarmiswellontargettoproduce5.7millionlitersmilkperyearfrom150hect-aresgrassplantation,or�8,000 litersperhectareperyear.Ateamof5managementstaffand20workerswillrunthefarm.Theproductivityperpersonisexpectedtobe625litersofmilkperday,atremendousleapinproductivitycomparedtoback-yardfarming.Forinstance,SouthAfricanresearchershavere-ported,“Inmanysituationsthehouseholdhastomilkseveralcowstogetonlyafewlitersofmilk.”

Wearenowabletoreportthemilestonesandcurrentandtar-gettedperformanceofthisDeepTropicaldairyfarminMalaysia,

and theVernadsky-inspired Bio-sphere thinkingbehind it, asanexemplarymodelforotherdevel-opingcountriestoconsider.

ComparisonwithNewZealandGrazingSystem

WhileMalaysiainontargetbythe end of 2009 to produce�8,000litersofmilkperyearperhectareofgrassplantation (sup-plemented with concentratefeeding),NewZealandproducesonaverage8,880litersmilkperyearperhectareofgrazingland(albeitwithminimalconcentratefeeding).This leap in milk pro-duction for Malaysia demon-stratesaworldagriculturalbreak-

Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia

Bukit Malawati, a former British fort in Malaysia. The cannon stands as a reminder of British colonialism, which remains to-day in the form of Malaysia’s vast plantations. These plantation lands will be perfect for establishing Deep Tropical animal hus-bandry, sustained by fast-growing grass farms.

Courtesy of Mohd Peter Davis

Fast-growing grass is key to the Deep Tropical agriculture system. Here, co-author N. Yogendran (who is 6-feet tall) stands in 3-foot grass, which took only 38 days to grow on his Malaysian grass farm. Grass cut at this age is perfect for feeding ruminants. The grass can be cut 10 times per year for three years before re-plowing and re-seeding.


Goats from an experimental herd on one of the Malay-sian grass farms feed on the farm’s fast-growing grass.

21stCenturyScience&Technology Spring2009 �1

through.NewcomerMalaysia,with littleexpertise inmoderndairy farming, isproducingaround four timesmoremilkperhectarecomparedtoNewZealand,withits200yearsofdairyskills.

NewZealandoperatestheworld’smostefficientgrazingsystemsandits�.5mil-lioncowssupply2percentoftheworld’smilk,exporting95percentasmilk,butter,andcheese.Thistemperateregiongrazingsystemisalreadynearitspeakofperfec-tion,andthereislittlemorelandforagri-culture. Producing more milk in NewZealandtosatisfyexportdemandmeansconverting long established sheep farmstodairyfarmsandsacrificingprimelambproduction.

Themuchmoreproductiveandprofit-able Deep Tropical animal productionsystemcanspreadfast,butshouldnotbeseenasacommercialthreattoNewZea-land; instead, it isagoldenopportunity.Therate-limitingstepforthemassproduc-tionofruminantsinMalaysiaandIndone-siaisnotland,whichisplentiful,butthehigh-quality breeding animals that NewZealandandAustraliacansupplyinverylarge numbers, surplus to their own re-quirements.The export of breeding ani-malswithtopgeneticswillprovideprofit-able new markets to supplement NewZealand and Australia’s established ex-portsofmilk,meat,andwool.Thiscouldbeahappyunionbetweenformercolo-nialcountriestogreatlyboosthighqualityfoodproductioninSoutheastAsia.

TheSecretofGrassPlantationsTheDeepTropicalgrassplantationin-

ventionpermitsthemassproductionofre-allyyounggrassthatgrowssuperfastto1meterhighin5weeks,butremainshighly

nutritiousforruminantlivestock.Thisinvention,althoughstun-ningly simple, has profound implications for world livestockandcropproductionthroughouttheentiretropicalzone,fromtheTropicofCancertotheTropicofCapricorn.

September-December2007EstablishingGrassplantation

Landclearingofneglectedgrazinglandwithscattered10-yearoldtreesandbushes,plowing,fertilizing,andsowingwithanAfricanspeciesofgrass.

December2007-March2008Farmbuildingsandinfrastructure

Buildingroads,free-standingclimatebarnsforcows,50-balerotarymilkingsystem,milkstoragevats,feedstore,rainwatertank,andhousesforworkers.

April-June2008Arrivalandadaptationof284pregnantcows

Cowswere air-freighted fromAustralian temperate regionbreeding farms,adaptedtofullyenclosedMalaysianclimatebarns,andfedfreshlycutchoppedgrassfromgrassplantationmixedwithconcentrates.Overoneyear,everyhec-tareofgrassplantation,cutevery�5days,willfeed8cows,each�50kilograms.One-meterhighgrassisharvested10timesperyearforanexpected�years,be-forethegrassplantationisre-plowedandre-seeded.

July-September2008Firstcalving—5percentpre-weaninglosses

Septemberarrivalofsecondbatchof�00pregnantcowsfromAustralia.September2008:FirstcommercialmilkproductionCowsmilkedtwiceperday,milkchilledto8degreesCin1minuteandto4

degreesin60minutes,anddelivereddailytothefactoryforprocessing.Themilkachievestopinternationalstandardsformilksolids.

ScheduledJanuaryandMay2009Arrivalofthirdandfourthbatchof300-pluspregnantcows

ScheduledDecember2009Steady-statemilkproductionfrom1,200-cowdairy

MilestonesinMalaysia’sDeepTropicalSystem

Courtesy of N. Yogendran

The Deep Tropical grass farm maximizes plant use for feed, by harvest-ing fast-growing grass before it becomes more fibrous and indigestible. The cut grass on the Deep Tropical planta-tion, shown here, will grow again and be ready for feeding cows in about 35 days.


As nuclear-powered desalinated water becomes plentifulwiththewelcomednuclearrenaissance,thisvasttropicalregionoftheEarth’sbiosphere,withyear-roundwarmthandsunlight,willbecomeafarbetterplacetoproducefoodthantheseason-altemperateregions.Indeed,incompletedefiancetotheMal-thusianswhofalselyclaimthatpopulationgrowthexceedsfoodproduction,wearebeginningtoenvisagehowgrassplantationsdevelopedinthehumidtropics,andspreadingtothedrytrop-ics,willsoonbeabletosupportmanytimesthepresentworldpopulation.

Theproductionofcellulose(longstructuralpolymersofglu-cosemolecules),which forms thecellwall inphotosyntheticmicroorganismsandlivingplants,istheprimarysourceoffoodinthebiosphere.Celluloseisthestartofthebiosphere’sfoodchainandthemealofchoiceofanenormousrangeofmicroor-ganismsandinsects,whichgeteatenbyanimalspecieshigherinthefoodchain.Indeed,everyspeciesisbreakfastforanotherspecies;hencetheexpression“allfleshisgrass.”

Thebiospherecurrentlyproducesaround101�metrictonnesofcelluloseperyear(Colvin1980),butevenafter10,000yearsofagricultureandseveralhundredyearsofintensivescientificfarming,only1percentatmostisavailableasfeedforman-kind’s livestock (Davis 1988). Understanding how to makemorecelluloseavailableforlivestockproduction,therefore,isakeystepfirstinsolvingthecurrentworldfoodshortage,andtheninsupplyingfoodforanexpandingworldpopulation.

Toavoidgettingeaten,germinatinggrasses,plants,andtreesthatsoonstartproducingcellulosefromcarbondioxideandwa-terbyphotosynthesismustgrowupfast,butexceptionallyfastinthehumid tropicswhere thevarietyanddensityof rainforestspeciesisintense.Asplantsgrow,thecellulosetheyproduceintheir cell walls gets locked up in a complex chemical form

knownaslignocelluose(fiber)andbecomeslessandlessdigest-ibletoitspredators,includingthecellulose-digestingbacteriathat inhabit therumenand large intestinesofmankind’s live-stock—cows,cattle,buffalo,sheep,goats,andrabbits.

Grassesandplantsbecomemorefibrousandindigestibleastheyage,andmoreandmoreuselesstodomesticanimals.Anagriculturalscientist(Boyce1984)haslikenedthestructureoflignocellulosetoreinforcedconcrete:

...wherethemicrofibrilsofcellulose,arigidglucosepolymer,aresimilartosteelrods.Thehemicellulosepectinsandothergumssurroundingthecellulosearesimi-lartotheconcrete.Inaddition,thismatrixisimpregnatedwithligninwhichmightbevisualizedasacoatingofplasticresin.

Cellulose,therefore,servesadoubleroleinthebiosphere;itistheprimaryfoodresourceandalsothemaincomponentofthebiologicalstructuralsupport thatallowsplant life togo“highrise.”Themulti-tieredcanopyofatreeisamagnificentlyeffi-cientcollectoroftheweaksolarradiationthatreachesEarthandpowersthemassproductionofcellulose.Foreverylivingplant,fromgerminationtodeath,thereisacontinualcontestbetweencellulosedigestionbypredators,andcelluloselignificationbytheplant.Mostplantsdonotmakeitbeyondajuvenilestageandevenforthosethatdosurvive,somefortensandhundredsofyearsasmajestictrees,theiryoungshootsandleavesfullofdigestiblecellulosearebeingcontinuouslyeatenalivebyhun-grypredators.

Such is life.Such is theunstoppabledriving forceof livingmatter.Whatweseeinthenaturallandscapeiswhatescapesdigestion,thelignifiedcellulose.Sothereisasuperabundanceofcelluloseinthebiospherebut,likethewaterintheoceans,itiswaitingtobeunlockedbymankind’stechnology.

Inthe1980s,alargecommercial-scalehigh-pressuresteamboilerwasinvented(StakeTec,Minnesota)thatcrudelybustedupthelignocelluloseintomoredigestiblecelluloseandsugarsforanimalfeed.Choppedwoodoragriculturalwastewasfedcontinuouslyintothe250°Chigh-pressureboiler,resemblingagiantkitchenmeatgrinder,whichexplodedthefiber,makingitpalatableandusefulascattleanddairy feed.The technologywasadoptedbyvariouscountries,butitsuseasapotentiallygi-ganticnew sourceof animal feedhas fallenby thewayside,probablybecauseofitshighproductioncostscomparedtocon-ventionalfodder.

Thissteam-explosiontechnology,ifrefined,cantodayplayabigroleinovercomingfoodshortage,especiallyintemperatecountrieswherethegrowingseasonisshort.However,theDeepTropicalgrassplantationsaremuchmorepromisingfortropicalregions,requiringminimalmachinery:atractorandtrailerforharvesting,forexample.Basically,itisjustamatterofwatchinggrassgrow.

ThesecretoftheMalaysiangrassplantationisthatdigestiblecelluloseiscapturedwhilethegrassisstilljuvenile,aroundone-monthold,justbeforeitlignifies,anditisimmediatelyfedtoanimalsthatloveitandgrowandproducesplendidly,muchtothedelightofthefarmer.Byusinghisbrain,mangetsthedigest-iblecelluloseforhisexclusiveusebeforethearmiesofhungrypredatorshavegottenoutofbed.

Sandia National Laboratory

As plants age, they become more fibrous and indigestible, with a lignocellulose structure like reinforced concrete. Here an atomic microscopy image of lignocellulose.

21stCenturyScience&Technology Spring2009 ��

TranscontinentalSpeciesByplantingtropicalgrassesfromdifferentcontinents,suchas

AfricaorSouthAmerica,theimportedspeciesenjoyahoney-moon period before the native grass-eating species adapt orevolvetoattackthem.Historically,transcontinentalspeciesthattemporarilyescapebeingeateninadifferentecosystemhaveplayedakeyroleinworldagriculture.SpanishMerinosheepal-lowed colonial Australia to become the world’s outstandingwoolproducer,allwithina50-yearperiodfrom1850to1900.Likewise,colonialMalayawasabletobecometheworld’slarg-estproducerofrubberbyimportingseedsfromBrazilianrubbertrees.AndbyimportingoilpalmseedsfromWestAfrica,inde-pendentMalaysia,from1960,soonbecametheworld’snumberonesupplierofpalmoil.

Theseplantations still producecheap rawmaterialsunderthe British colonial poverty-producing plantation system, atprices manipulated by European futures markets. However,Malaysia and now the humid tropical regions of Indonesia,Thailand,andthePhilippines,aswellastherainforestterrito-riesinWestAfricaandtheAmazon,canbetterusetheirplanta-tionlandtogrowtranscontinentalgrassspeciestodramaticallyincrease thesupplyofyoungnutritiousgrasses for theirownlivestockindustries.

Vernadsky’sBiospherePreciselybecausethegrassproductioninaproperlymanaged

grassplantationissustainable,itcanbeimmediatelyscaledupanywhereinthehumidtropicswhererainwaterisplentifulandalsointhedryertropicalregionswhereverundergroundwaterisstillavailable.Theworld’sreservesofundergroundwater,de-rivednotfromrainbutpreviousiceages,arefastdepleting,but

asnuclear-desalinatedwaterbe-comes available, even barrendesertscanbe transformedintolushgrassplantations.

Greeningthedesertsandnu-clear-powered agro-industrialnuplexeswere thegrandvisionof President Eisenhower’s 195�Atoms for Peace program.Thiswasanticipated,wellbeforethesplittingoftheatom,bytheRus-sian biogeochemist V.I. Ver-nadsky (186�-1945) when heopened the Radium Institute inPetersburgin1922,stating:

Soonmanwillhaveatomic powerinhishands.Thisis apowersourcewhichwill givehimapossibilityto buildhislifejustashe wishes.

Today as the nuclear renais-sanceunfolds,wecanthinkbigagain and mentally transformtheotherwisebiologicallynon-productive Sahara Desert into

grassplantations.NodoubttheGreenieswillwanttopreservethispristinedesertenvironment.ButlettheGreeniestrylivingthereindesertoutpostsanddiscoverforthemselvesthattheiralternativeenergywindmillsandsolarpanelsarenexttouselessfordesalinatingwaterfortheircrops!

Meanwhile, the digestible cellulose produced in a SaharaDesertdottedwithnuplexeswouldbesufficienttosupportper-haps5billioncattle,comparedtothepresentworldpopulationof1.�billioncattle.TheSaharaDesertiscertainlylarge,butisonlyasmallpercentageofthetotaltropicallandmassthatcouldsupportgrassplantations.Thisisgoodnews,becausemankindmustpreparefortheapproachingiceageastheEarth’sperfectlynatural10,000-yearglobalwarmingperioddrawstoanend,byaroundtheyear2050.DuringtheEarth’sfairlyregular100,000-year-longiceages,theevaporationofwaterfromtheoceansandhenceworldrainfallisgreatlyreducedandmuchofthetropicalregionturnsintoextremedeserts,excepttheequatorialrainfor-ests,whichsurviveiceagesandserveastheEarth’sNoah’sArk,maintainingandguardingthebiosphere’s50millionlivingsspe-ciesforwarmertimes.

Meanwhile, thepolar icecapsexpandandthetemperateregionsbecomeburiedinakilometerormoreofice.Thecom-binedeffectofglaciersanddesertificationcausesamassexterminationof livingmatter in thebiosphere.Thecarryingcapacityof theEarth’s landmassforallspeciesisgreatlyre-duced,andonlystartstoincreaseastheEarthwarmsupagainin the next interglacial, the 10,000-year period of globalwarming.

Man’screativeability(Vernadsky’sNoösphere)todiscovertheprinciplesoftheuniverseanddevelopnewtechnologiesbasedontheseprinciplesisabletotransformthebiosphere.

Valley Irrigation

An irrigated crop circle in an arid area of Kenya. Now, underground water is used for irrigation. In the future, nuclear power-produced desalination will make it possible for the dryer tropical regions to be transformed into lush grass farms.


Vernadskywasthefirsttorecognizethatman’suniqueabilityabovealltheanimalspeciesforcreativethinkinghadbecome,bythe20thCentury,aplanetaryforcegreaterthannatureit-selftochangethebiosphere.Nowwehavethebeginningsofa survival strategy to feedmankind throughout thenext iceage,andavoidthepopulationcrashthateveryotherspecieswillsuffer,apartfromchosenspecieslikedomesticfoodani-malsprotectedbyman.

FromVernadsky’splanetaryper-spective, each developing nation,insteadofpanickingintheworldfi-nancialcrisis,canconfidentlyworkouthowtorapidlyproduceitsownfood.Thiscalm,thoughtful,andco-operativeprocessbetweennationscan outflank the British Empire’sbrutishglobalizationplantooutdotheapproachingiceagebydepop-ulating the world by 80 percent,primarily through starvation andaccompanyingdiseases.

SuitableDomesticAnimalsGoats,althoughgoodforexten-

sive grazing systems, are not thebestanimalinouropinionforin-tensiveproductionsystems.Sheeparefarsuperior,fortheyareatimidgrass-eatingherdanimalandadaptsplendidly to close confinementandgoodhusbandry.Secondonlyto rabbits, sheep are the easiestdomestic animals to look after,evenbyyoungteenagers.Incon-

trast,goatsmakeresentfulprisoners.Withalargerbrain,theirinstinctistoescapecaptivitysotheycanbrowseplantsandshubsandlowlyingbranch-esassolitaryanimals.

Comparedtosheep,whichhaveundergoneex-tensivegeneticselection,indigenousgoatsareal-most an unimproved wild animal and thereforehavealowgeneticpotentialforgrowthandabonycarcass.TheAfricanBoergoathasbeenselectedforbettergrowthandmeatcontent,butdemandsplen-tyofoutdoorspace,increasingthecostofproduc-tionandthechanceofinfection.AnAfricanbreedof sheep confined to a Deep Tropical shelter isachievingaveragegrowth ratesof250gramsperday.Thiscompareswith45gperdaywiththeindig-enousMalaysiansheepongrazing,or90gperdaywhenhousedintensively.

Thesameistrueoflocalversusforeignimprovedbreeds of goats, cows, and cattle. Developingcountries are therefore well advised to considerlookingforhighgrowthratebreedsfromadifferentcontinent.WithDeepTropicalhusbandrytomini-mize diseases, these genetically superior breedscouldbethefastestwaytoimprovelivestockpro-ductionandmakefarmingprofitable.

Mass-ProducingPrimeLambSmallscalepioneerDeepTropicalsheepfarmsinMalaysia

support82sheepperhectareofgrassplantation,comparedto25sheepperhectareonNewZealand’sbestgrazingfarms.Ne-gotiations areunderway to establish a groupof commercialfarmsfor25,000sheep,asamodelthatcanbereplicatedaround

Courtesy of N. Yogendran

Jersey cows on their way to the automatic milking turntable at a Deep Tropical farm in Ma-laysia. Their climate-controlled shed is in the background.

Agricultural Research Service, USDA

New Zealand sheep. Prime quality lamb for meat can be produced in 5 months in Malaysia, compared to 8 months in New Zealand. One hectare of grass in Malaysia’s new grass farms can support 82 sheep throughout the year, compared the best sheep farms in New Zealand, which can carry only up to 25 sheep per hectare throughout the year.


Malaysia. Intensive sheep farming theDeepTropicalwayismucheasierthanintensive dairy farming, and very suit-ablefornewfarmersandyouthwithnopreviousexperience.

In Malaysia, evaporatively cooledhousing is not necessary for importedsheep(orcattle),whichsoonturnnightintodaybyrestingandruminatingdur-ing the hot part of the day and eatingduring the cooler night. Sheep arehousedinlotsof100inlow-cost,open-sidedsheds,andfeddailywithchoppedgrassandconcentratesfromoutsidetheshed.

Goodhealth ismaintainedbyvacci-nating the animals and good hygiene.Metalgridflooringraised20centimetersabovethegroundallowsdailyremovaloftheair-driedsheepdung,therebypre-ventingflies.Thedungfertilizesthegrassplantationminimizingtheuseofcostlychemicalfertilizer.Withthissimplelow-labor system,novice farmworkerscanbeeasilytrainedtolookaftertwosheds,andthebestamongthemcanbefurthertrainedincollegesanduniversitiestobe-comeentrepreneuranimalfarmers.

PrimequalitylambsformeatcanbeproducedinMalaysiain5months,comparedto8monthsinNewZealand.Inmuchthesameway,cattlecanbefattenedinopen-sidedfeedlots.However,inafoodemergencythereisabiologicalproblemwithsheep,cows,andbeefcattle.Thetwinningpercentageislow,andtheirreproductiverateisratherslow:5monthsforsheepand9monthsforcows,whichcannotbespeededup.

Mass-ProducingRabbitsImprovedbreedsofrabbit,fedfromagrassplantation,can

produce50offspringperyearreachingslaughterweightin�months, although supplementing the rabbit’s grassdietwithprotein will probably be necessary to achieve these growthrates.A crash program has been developed to the conceptstagetorapidlymass-producerabbitsthroughoutthevillagesof Malaysia, 95 percent of which have adequate housing,shops,schools,sealedroads,electricity,andpipedwater—butnotenoughjobs.Arabbitanimalproductionunit(APU)willconsistof10low-costsingle-storyterracerabbithouses,eachasmallbreedingfarmcontaining1,000ormorerabbitsindif-ferentstagesofproduction.Theunitisintendedtobeoperatedpart-timeonacontractbasisby10families,andisespeciallysuitableforthosefamilieswithschool-goingchildrentohelpwiththelabor.

Anumberofanimalproductionunits,eachproducing10,000rabbitsperyear,andbuilt innearbyvillageswillbesuppliedwithgrassdailyfromacentralcommercialgrassfarmservingalsoastheslaughterhouseandwholesaledistributioncentre.TheverymodestcapitalinvestmentbythegovernmentfortheAPUs,combinedwithmakingbetteruseofthewell-established

villageinfrastructure,meansthatrabbitmeatproductioncanbequicklyscaleduptosupportagovernment-directedemergencyfood program. Meanwhile, the large-scale breeding farms tosupportcommercialdairy farmsand sheep farmswill spreadmoreslowly,inlinewiththemuchlowerreproductiveratesoftheseanimals.

Bio-securityAnimalHousingTheDeepTropicalanimalhousingisanotherstunninglysim-

pleconcept.Forthelast500yearsinMalaya/Malaysia,attemptshavebeenmadetoadaptgrazingtemperateanimalstotheheatanddiseasesofthehumidtropics.Cross-breedingwithhardybutnon-productivelocalbreedshasnotbeensuccessful,andMalaysia, withgood infrastructureandmodest industrializa-tion,currentlyimports95percentofitsmilk,92percentofitsmutton,and77percentofitsbeef.

Someof this importation isbecauseof thedemandby theWorld Trade Organization that developing countries importtheir food,but there isadeeperproblem.Thesamemistakesweremadeyearafteryear,centuryaftercentury,tryingtocopytheEuropeangrazingsysteminthehumidtropics.

Agricultural entrepreneur N.Yogendran decided to breakwiththispattern.Insteadoftryingtochangetheanimal’sbiolo-gy,Yogendranignoredthe“experts”intheuniversitiesandre-search organizations and changed the animal’s environment.Low-costclimateshedswereinventedandperfectedtoprovideanimalswithaperfectyear-roundsummerMediterraneancli-mate,keptcoolwithnovelevaporativecoolingatafractionoftheelectricitycostofair-conditioning.

Thewellventilated,coolanddrybarnsprovidesuitablyvac-cinatedcowsandpigswithnearhumanlevelsofcomfortand


Happy pigs at a Deep Tropical farm in Malaysia. Hygienic, disease-free pig farming yields improved productivity and reduced mortality, savings which pay for the climate-controlled enclosed GIFT Shelter. Similar shelters can also be used for high-value stud sheep and goats.


modernhygiene,wheredung isefficiently removedwithoutfoulingtheanimals.Diseasesandparasitessimplydisappear,withoutpumpingtheanimalswithmedication.Nowthemostproductivebreedsofdomesticanimalsintheworld,perfectedbyadvancedgeneticselection,canbeair-freighted,withalltheir health clearances, from the best farms in temperatecountries.

CowsflownfromAustralia,barelytouchingthetarmac,aretruckedimmediatelytotheirnewhygienicclimatesheds.With-intwoweeks,theanimalsareadaptedtotheirnew“HiltonHo-tel”environmentandeatingwell,protectedfromtheheatandanimal predators and especially the horrendous disease andparasiteloadofthehumidtropics.

Asimilarhygienic shedhasbeendesigned forpigs,whichtransformsthedirty,smellypigfarming,characteristicofAsianbackyardfarming.Anewenclosedpigshelter,keptcoolanddrybyhigh-ventilationevaporativecooling,isodorlessandthepigsareeasilytrainedtorespectatoiletarea,allowingthemtobefloorfed(seephoto,previouspage).

Asmallswimmingpoolineachpenenablestwopigsatatimetowallowtostaycoolandfollowtheirnaturalbehaviorinthe

wild.Whenapiggetsoutofthepool,therestofthepigsengageinsocialgrooming,lickingthewetpiguntilitispinkanddry.Thepigshediskeptasdryaspossibleandthedungiswasheddailythroughtheswimmingpoolwithminimalwater,allowingthedungtobetreatedinmodernsewageplantsinsteadofopenoxidationponds.

Thehappypigscanreplacetherevoltingconditionsthatpigsaregenerallysubjected to in traditionalpigsheds throughoutAsia.Pigsinthewildarecleanandsociableanimalswithlargelitters,andwehaverecreatedamodern formof theirnaturalconditionsatmodestcost,comparedtoexpensivemodernpigfarmsindevelopedcountries,whicharebeyondthereachoffarmers in developing countries.The capital cost for climatebuildingsismorethanrecoveredbyloweranimallossesandim-provedproductivity.

Again,agriculturalscienceandengineeringhasimprovedan-imalwelfaretonearhumanconditionswhiletheenvironmen-talists preach animal rights and want to ban meat altogetherfrom thehumandiet.Most important, the climate-controlledbuildingsprotectdomesticanimalsfromvirusdiseasessuchasBirdFlu,Nipahvirus,andSars,whichrespectnobordersandcandevastateworldanimalproduction,atthesametimepass-ingonmutatedanimalvirusestothehumanpopulation,threat-eningviralpandemics.

DeepTropicalbio-securityruminantfarms,similartomod-ernenclosedchickenfarms,canprovideapractical,affordablealternative toEuropeangrazingandAsianbackyard farming.TheDeepTropicalagriculturalsystem,developedinMalaysiatocopewiththehighestdiseaseloadintheworld,thereforemarksanewstandardofhygieneforanimalproductionfortherestoftheworldtofollow,atacostthatdevelopingcountriescanafford.

The‘CarryingCapacity’ofLandWhatthediehardMalthusiansandbrainwashedenvironmen-

talistsrefusetounderstandisthatthe“carryingcapacity”ofthelandisnotafixedbiologicalconstantforeachspeciesofanimalorhumanbeing,butcanbeincreasedbyman’screativity.ThegrassplantationinMalaysia,producing10cropsofyounggrassper year, dramatically increases the carrying capacity of theland.Wearedemonstratingthisinthemostpracticalway.OnehectareofaMalaysiangrassplantationcansupport82Africansheepinclimatesheds,growingat250gramsperdaycomparedto2indigenousMalaysiansheepgrowingat45gramsperday,grazingononehectareofarubberplantationoronehectareofvillageland.

The2Malaysiansheep,grazing“naturally,”asrecommendedbythelessfanaticalgreenenvironmentalistsworldwideforlive-stock,willproduceabout40gramsofcarcassmeatperday.Compare this to the nearby 82 African sheep, hygienicallyhousedandsupportedby1hectareofgrassplantation,whichwillproducearound11,�00gramsofcarcassmeatperday.Thisrepresentsa282-foldincreaseincarcassmeatsupplyperhect-areofland!

Byprovidingsomuchmorefoodhavewenotincreasedthepotential carrying capacity of human beings per hectare ofland?Havewenotdonethisinacompletelysustainableway,requiringonlyregularfertilizationtoreplenishthesoilnitro-genandmineralsconsumedbythegrass?

The moringanews.org website described moringa asfollowsinaJune18,2008pressrelease:

Moringa:asmall,fast-growingtreefoundinalltropicalregions.Itsleavesareamongtheworld’srichestvegeta-bles.Itisaplantfoodofhighnutritionalvalue,ecologi-callyandeconomicallybeneficialandreadilyavailableinthecountrieshardesthitbythefoodcrisis.Itisthereforeurgentthatthebarrierspreventingthedevelopmentofthisgreensuperfoodberemoved....

Theleavesofmoringa...wererecentlyidentifiedbythe WorldVegetable Center (Taiwan) as the vegetablewith the highest nutritional value among 120 types offood species studied. Easy to cultivate and resistant todrought,thistreeproducesabundantleaveswithahighconcentrationofproteins, vitamins, andminerals: 100gramsoffreshmoringaleavesprovidethesameamountofproteinasanegg,asmuchironasasteak,asmuchVi-taminCasanorange,andasmuchcalciumasaglassofmilk.

Moringagrowsthroughoutthedevelopingworldandhasalreadybeenusedbyprogramstoreducechildmal-nutritioninIndia.Itsdriedleaves,inpowderform,canbeeasilypreservedandused.Eating�0gramsaday,achildcansatisfyallhisdailyrequirementofVitaminA,80per-cent of daily calcium needs, 60 percent of daily ironneeds,andnearly40percentofproteinneeds.

Giventheworldfoodcrisis,theuseoflocalresourceslikeMoringaiscriticaltoreducethedependenceofde-velopingcountrieson importedgoods,and to improvenutritionamongpoorhouseholds.

Moringa:AGreen‘Superfood’


Yetagain,sciencedisprovesthe200-year-oldlieofMalthusandhisco-thinkerstodayinthegreenenvironmentalmovementwhochantin-cessantly that mankind is outstripping theEarth’s ability to produce food, and thereforedeserves tobeexterminated tosave theenvi-ronment.

Moringa:The‘MiracleTree’As Henry Kissinger, a self-confessed British

agentof influence,wasbusyback in1974asU.S.NationalSecurityAdvisor,enactingtheNationalSecurityStudyMemorandum200todestroyAfrica’sabilitytogrowfood,�and as environmental groups worldwide, led by the likes ofPrince Philip, joined this depopulation bandwagon, othersworkedtodeveloptechnologiesthatwouldfightagainstthekill-ermalnutrition.4Newstrainsofriceorwheatandothercrops

thatcouldwithstandultra-dry,ultra-wet,andultra-saltysoil;plantsthatarepestresistantorwithhighervitaminlevelsaresomeofthedevelopmentstoincreaseman’scapabilityoffeedingtheworld.

Onesuchtechnologythatwehaveinvestigatedistheproductionofthemoringa“miracletree”topro-videabounteousvegetarianfoodsourceofproteinand vitamins (see box). The moringa is knownthroughoutdevelopingcountriesforitsedibleleavesandpods,oil from its seeds,widemedicinaluses,andwaterfiltrationandpurification(seehttp://www.moringanews.org). Because it contains 27 percentproteinand8essentialaminoacids,it issuitableasaningredientinbabyformula,aswellashardbiscuits for survival rations. For countries withemergencyfoodneeds,moringacanprovideafastremedy.

Although many non-governmental organizationsandmissionarygroupshavebeeninvolvedinresearchandpromotionofmoringa,thequestionis,whyhasn’ttheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)takenupitsdevelopmentonacrashbasisasaweaponagainsthungerandstarvation?

Themoringatreecanbegrownasabushwhichcanbeharvestedeveryfewmonthsbycuttingthetrunk20 centimeters above ground to yield its nutritiousleaves in high tonnages per hectare per year. This

meansthatmoringacanbemass produced on planta-tionscale.

Malaysia and Indonesiaare ideal as a testbed forsuchmassproduction.

RecyclingColonialPlantationsforFood

ProductionThe10millionhectaresof

oilpalmandrubberplanta-tionsintherainforestregionsof Malaysia and Indonesiaareavastlandresourcethatcouldbeputtomuchhigherbenefit for emergency andlong-term food production.Rubber and palm oil alongwithcotton,tea,coffee,andwoolarecheapcolonialrawmaterials,basedonthelow-estpossible laborcost, thathave long served the inter-ests of the British Empire.Developing countries al-

thoughindependent,arestillatthemercyoftheworldpriceforthese commodities, which is manipulated by so-called freetrade.

Exportearningsofrubberandpalmoilexpressedasaper-centageofMalaysia’stotalexportshavedeclinedsteadily,from41percentinthe1960stoonly4percentin2005.Giventhe

Hans Hillewaert

A “miracle” moringa tree growing in Namibia. Moringa plantations, harvesting leaves when they are young, could supply nutrients for the world’s hungry.

Seeds from the moringa tree produce edible oil.


collapsingworldpricesofpalmoil,itisnowbarelyworthwhiletopickthefreshfruitbunchesfromthetrees,whichinNovem-ber2008fetchedonlyRM280permetrictonne($80.00),lessthanhalfthepriceofthepreviousfourmonths.Ifthepriceonthein-ternational stockmarketsgetsanylower,MalaysiaandIndonesiacansavemoneybynotproducingrub-berandpalmoil!

Lookingatthebrightsideofthesituation, the insanity of the freemarkethas,ineffect,liberatedvastareasoflandforlocalfoodproduc-tion.Whatagoldenopportunity!

Existingplantationscanbeeasilyconverted into grass plantations.Withinsixmonths,thewholepro-cessofcuttingdowntherubberoroilpalmtrees,andplowing,fertil-izing,andseedinggrassormorin-ga,theoldplantationcouldbepro-ducing its first crop of nutritiousgrassormoringa.

Malaysianentrepreneursareget-tingenthusiastic.Whynotusesomeoftheliberated5millionhectaresofrubberandpalmoilplantationsforgrassplantationsforanimalpro-duction? Why not mass producemoringaleafpowderforbabyfor-mulationsandsurvivalbiscuitsforworldmarkets?

Food technologists can modify

the formulations to suit theappearance,taste, and texture required by differentcultures.Distributed as emergency foodbyinternationalagencies,theprotein-richbiscuits will help prevent malnutritionand even starvation, while developingcountriesgearuptheirownfoodproduc-tion.

WhynotsearchforotherhighproteinplantstraditionallyusedasfoodinAfricaandIndia,growtheminplantations,andprocess them forworldmarkets?Devel-opingcountrieshavealltheavailablere-sources,soletuscollaborateandquicklyfind the best species to propagate foremergencyfood.

InternationalScientificCollaborationWhile developed countries are para-

lyzedinthefaceoftheworldfoodcrisis,it is importanttounderstandthatdevel-opingcountriesare taking the leadandmakingagriculturalbreakthroughs,suchasthemoringapropagationandtheDeepTropicalsystem,tosolvetheirownfoodproduction problems. Now that self-

funded agricultural entrepreneurs have shown the way for-ward,itistimeforthegovernmentagriculturalinstitutionsindevelopingcountrieslikeMalaysiatoadmittheirshortcom-

There are 10 million hectares of oil palm (above) and rubber plantations in the rainforest re-gions of Malaysia and Indonesia, some of which could be converted into grass farms or mor-inga plantations. Instead of being dependent on the colonial method of raw material looting, these and other developing nations could quickly stop malnutrition and starvation and be-come self-sufficient in food.

Farmers in Senegal harvesting moringa leaves by hand. Keeping the tree as a bush, al-lows farmers to harvest juvenile trees every two months for its edible leaves. The dried and ground leaves contain 28 percent of high quality protein, which can be formulated into baby food and used as an ingredient in many dishes. Malaysian entrepreneurs are thinking: Why not grow moringa on plantation scale and mechanically harvest the leaves?


ings, swallow theirpride,andfullysupporttheirownfarmersandinventors.

Adopting the New ZealandandAustralianpracticeofmobi-lizing the nation’s agriculturalscientists and engineers in theuniversitiesandresearchinstitu-tionsbehinditsagriculturalen-trepreneurs will allow humidtropicalMalaysiatoleapfrogtheEuropean grazing system andserveasanexemplaryexamplefor other developing countriesto rapidly increase their localfoodproduction.

Japan,whichhas longgivenagricultural aid to developingcountries,hasmadeagenerousproposal. In June 2008,YusuoFukuda, then Japanese PrimeMinister,announcedtothe4thTokyoInternationalConferenceonAfricanDevelopment:

Withawealthofagriculturalexperience,Japaniswillingtocooperatewithcountriesandinternationalorganiza-tionstodevelopirrigationsystems,improvethevarietiesofcropsraised,andfosterworkersinthefieldofagriculture.

A“RiceActionPlan”hasbeenputforwardbyRobertZeigler,director-generalofthePhilippines-basedInternationalRiceRe-searchInstitute(IRRI),whoseplanwonsupportinHanoiinOc-tober2008fromthe10-nationAssociationofSouthEastAsianNations (ASEAN).Rather thanopeningupnewlands for ricecultivation,IRRIadvocatesamuchfasterapproachbyusingitsmoderntechniquestoincreasetheyieldonexistingricelandby2metrictonnesperhectare.ThecurrentaverageyieldinAsiais�.8metrictonnesperhectare,amiserable1.5metrictonnesinAfricacomparedwithmorethan10metrictonnesperhectare,whichwasrecentlyachievedonresearchfarmsinSouthChinausingsuper-hybridrice.

Thisapproachofimprovingcropyieldswasadoptedforthe1960s-1970sGreenRevolution,usingscienceandtechnologydevelopedatinternationalresearchinstitutes,eachspecializinginaparticularcrop.Itisthefastestwaytoachieveworldfoodsecurity,asIndiahasproved.Thebestwaybyfartoensurethecorrect implementationof these scientificadvances is for thescientific institutions tocollaboratewithprovenentrepreneurfarmers.

Theroleofgovernmentagenciesisnottoproducefood,buttounlockthelandforentrepreneurialfarmingandprovidelow-interestlongtermcreditandincentivestomakethishappen.Thegovernmentmustalsoensurethatfertilizerandagriculturalextensionservicesareavailable,alongwithfairmarketingof

farm produce without the middlemen stealing the farmers’profit.

Asfarmingbecomesmoreefficient,muchofthe40-80per-centofthepopulationindevelopingcountrieswhoarecurrent-lyemployedinagriculturecanbegraduallyreplaced.Thistran-sition from feudal farming to scientific farming, which tookseveralcenturiesinEurope,cannowbegreatlyacceleratedindevelopingcountries,givengoodfarmingsystems.Ruralyouthwithcertificates,diplomas,anddegreesinmodernagricultureandagriculturalsciencescantakeoverfromthepovertyfarmingpracticedby their fathersandbecomehighlyproductiveandprosperousentrepreneurialfarmers.

TheoverallconceptisaFranklinRoosevelt-typecrashscienceprogramforemergencyfoodproduction.

CropCirclesfortheTropicalZoneAnothergreatleapinworldfoodproductioncantakeplaceas

nuclear-power produced electricity and desalinated watercomesonstream,especiallyfromthesmallnuclearreactorsun-der development by South Africa, India, China, Russia, andAmerica.These100-to200-megawattfactorymass-producedmodularpowerplants,ratherthanthecurrent1,000-to1,500-MWreactors,whichtakealongtimetoconstructonsite,willbeidealforkick-startingmodernagriculture.

Evenbeforethesefourth-generationnuclearplantscomeintoproduction,irrigatedcropcirclesarecreatingthemarket.Spec-tacular crop circles, one to two kilometers in diameter, are

IRRI

International scientific research and collaboration with local entrepreneur farmers is key in raising the yields of major food crops, allowing developing nations to become food self-suf-ficient. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), one of major Green Revolution re-search institutes, has developed new rice strains and growing methods to greatly improve crop yields. Here, a Malaysian researcher with IRRI investigates weedy rice, which causes crop losses.

40 Spring2009 21stCenturyScience&Technology

Center-pivotirrigationforcrops,DeepTropicalanimalproduction,andfourth-generationmodularnuclearreactorswillenablethegreening(andfoodself-sufficiency)ofalltheEarth’stropicalzone(seemap),fromtheTropicofCancertotheTropicofCapricorn.

A center-pivot irrigation arm, traversing the crop circle.

Artist’s illustration of the planned Pebble Bed

Modular Reactor facility at Koeberg, South Africa.

NASA

Crop circles in the Libyan desert, as seen from space.

PBMR

21stCenturyScience&Technology Spring2009 41

greening thedesertsof Jordan,Libya,andSaudiArabia,ascanbeviewedonGoogleEarth.Thesecropcircles,withtheircenter-pivotirrigation,relyonfast-depletingundergroundwa-terleftoverfromiceages.Withcheapandabundantsuppliesofdesalinatedwaterandelectricityfromthesetown-sizedmodu-larnuclearreactors,thewholeoftheEarth’szonefromtheTropic of Cancer to theTropic of Capricorn can be trans-formedintoproductiveagriculturallandbasedonirrigatedcropcircles.

Differentcropssuchaswheat,corn,soybeanforhumans,andalso chicken, egg, andpigproduction and grasses for cattle,cowsandsheep,canallbeproducedindedicatedagriculturalzonestoprovidefoodfornearbypopulationcenters.

Cropcirclesrelyoncenterpivotirrigation,anAmericanin-ventiondatingfromthe1950sandperfectedoverthedecades.Fromafixedcenterpoint,thehugeirrigationarmslowlytravelsonwheelsaroundinacirclewhilesprayingthecropsbelow.Thesprinklerarmcanbe1kilometerinlength,givingacropcircleareaof�14hectares,idealforagrassplantation.Inthefewdrytropicalregionswherethesupplyofundergroundwaterisstillplentiful,suchaspartsofNorthernAfricaandNorthernAustralia,thereisnotechnicalreasontopreventtheDeepTrop-icallivestocksystemfrombeingpracticedimmediately,feedingclimate-controlled-housedcows,cattle,sheep,andrabbitsfromagrasscropcircle.

Similar cropcirclesof cornandothersofhighprotein le-gumeswillsupporttheproductionofnonruminantpig,chick-en,andeggindustries.Othercropcircleswillsupportwheatandbarleyandawiderangeofvegetablesandvegetableoilcrops.

Thelandbetweenthecropcirclesisnotwastedland;itcanserveasroadsanda“scorchedearth”barriertootherspecies,greatlyminimizingtheuseofinsecticides.Indeed,agriculturalsciencecan“outgreen”thegreenies,especiallythatlivingfos-silPrinceCharles,whowhilewaitingtobecomeKingofEng-landretreatstomedievalorganicfarmingonhisfeudalisticroy-alestates.

Cropcircles,combinedwithDeepTropicalanimalproduc-tionandsmallmass-producednuclearreactors,arethekeytoensuringworldfoodsecuritywellintothefuture.Theplentifulsupplyofelectricityanddesalinatedwaterfromsmallmodularnuclearreactors,suchastheGeneralAtomicsGT-MHRortheSouthAfricanPBMR,orIndia’splannedthoriumreactor,ortheRussianfloatingnuclearpowerplant,willallowthesegiganticcrop circle farms to be established almost anywhere in theEarth’stropicalzone,fromtheTropicofCancertotheTopicofCapricorn.

Thisisthewarmclimatezonewithplentyofsunlight,butnot enough water, where much of the world’s populationpresently struggles to survive using primitive agriculturaltechniques.Makinguseofnuclearpower,thesepopulationscanquicklyadvancetothehighqualitymilk,meat,egg,andwheatdietenjoyedindevelopedcountries,whichsodramat-icallyimprovedhealth,stature,andlifespanduringthe20thCentury.

Nuclear power will replace the reserves of undergroundfreshwaterleftoverfrompreviousiceagesthathavenowbeenlargelyexhaustedbymodernagriculture,particularlyoverthelast50years.Thereisnoshortageofwaterintheworld.The

nucleardesalinationoftheEarth’soceanswillsupplymankindwithinexhaustiblequantitiesoffreshwaterforagriculture,in-dustry,andresidentialuse.Bythemid-21stCentury,fusionre-actorswillberecreatingthe“SunonEarth”byfusingtogetherhydrogenisotopes,themostabundantintheuniverse,tograd-uallyreplacetheenergyobtainedbysplittingnon-renewableuranium.

BringingHopetotheYoungGenerationsAgainandagain,scienceandtechnologyareprovingPrince

Philip’s anti-science, anti-nuclear, and anti-human WorldWildlife Fund insanely wrong. Although this internationalarmyofgreenenvironmentalMalthusianshaswillinglycho-sengenocideasthe“finalsolution”totheworldfoodcrisis,and must be defeated, their misguided young followers inschoolsanduniversitiesareworthsalvaging.Theseyouthpas-sionately,but falsely,believe that theworld isgrosslyover-populatedandcannot feeditself,andthatmanisdepletingfiniteresourcesand“destroying”theenvironmentwithglobalwarming.

BrainwashedbyPrincePhilip’saginggang,theseyoungpeo-plecanberidiculedoutoftheirno-futuremiseryandencour-agedtoplaytheirpartindefendingthehumanrace.TheyhavebeenconnedintolivingmentallyintheignoranceandbrutalityoftheMiddleAges,stupidlyrejectingthegainsoftheEuropeanscientificrenaissancethatsucceededinliberatingmankindfromhungerandpoverty.

Thelast40yearshavebeenlargelywasted.As theworldeconomydisintegrates,weneedagenerationofclear-headedyouthtotakeonthearchaicBritishEmpireandbuildanewworld.TheadoptionofaNewBrettonWoodsfinancialreor-ganization, as proposed by economist Lyndon LaRouche,4willprovidetheneededopportunityfortheworld’sagricul-turalscientistsandengineers,cooperatingfullywithentre-preneurfarmersineachnation,todeliveraplentifulandse-cure supply of good quality food for the entire worldpopulationforthefirsttimeinhumanhistory.

MohdPeterDavisisanhonoraryvisitingscientistattheInsti-tute ofAdvancedTechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, nearKualaLumpur.N.YogendranheadstheGenetic Improvementand Farm Technologies (GIFT), Sdn Bhd. E-mail contact [email protected].

Footnotes _______________________________________________________

1. See “National Food Self-Sufficiency Planning: The Case of Malaysia, EIR, July 29, 2002.

2. “Malaysia’s Agricultural Breakthrough, and Nuclear Desalination, Can Feed the World” 21st Century, Spring 2008, http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles% 202008/Special_report-Sp2008.pdf

3. NSSM 200, the National Security Study Memorandum, prepared under Kissinger’s direction, viewed population growth in the developing sector as a threat to the U.S. national security, because increased population and nationalism might limit Western access to raw materials. The text of this now declassified document can be found at http://wlym.com/text/NSSM200.htm .

4. Lyndon LaRouche’s New Bretton Woods program can be found at www.larouchepac.com, along with many video and written presentations on the food crisis, its causes and solutions. In a short video titled “The Food Crisis,” http://larouchepac.com/node/9207, LaRouche warns bluntly that the global-ization of food has deliberately left developing countries dependent on other countries for much of their food, while the British Empire is dangerously posi-tioned as middleman to determine who eats, and at what price, and who starves to death.

http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles%202008/Special_report-Sp2008.pdf

http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/Articles%202008/Special_report-Sp2008.pdf

http://wlym.com/text/NSSM200.htm

http://wlym.com/text/NSSM200.htm

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