How does this make you feel? Why?

InstructionsInstructions

Anything written in yellow (SLOW down and pay attention) is useful information. You

should write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied

exactly.

Anything in green (GO on to the next point) you do not have to write.

Anything written in yellow (SLOW down and pay attention) is useful information. You

should write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied

exactly.

Anything in green (GO on to the next point) you do not have to write.

After years of division After years of division during the Cold War, during the Cold War,

today Europe is working today Europe is working toward unity.toward unity.

The Big IdeaThe Big Idea

Main Idea 1Main Idea 1

• The Cold War divided Europe The Cold War divided Europe between democratic and between democratic and Communist nations.Communist nations.

• The United States and the Soviet The United States and the Soviet Union emerged from World War II Union emerged from World War II as superpowers, or strong and as superpowers, or strong and influential countries. The two soon influential countries. The two soon grew to distrust each other.grew to distrust each other.

• This distrust led to the Cold War, a This distrust led to the Cold War, a period of tense rivalry between the period of tense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet United States and the Soviet Union.Union.

• Much of the hostility between the two Much of the hostility between the two countries stemmed from political and countries stemmed from political and economic differences: economic differences:

– The United States is a democracy with The United States is a democracy with an economy based on free enterprise.an economy based on free enterprise.

– The Soviet Union was a Communist The Soviet Union was a Communist country in which freedoms were limited. country in which freedoms were limited. Its leaders exerted strong control over Its leaders exerted strong control over both politics and economics.both politics and economics.

A Divided Europe

Western EuropeWestern Europe

•Supported democracy and the Supported democracy and the United StatesUnited States

•Members of NATOMembers of NATO

•Experienced much economic Experienced much economic growth after World War IIgrowth after World War II

A Divided Europe

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

•Practiced Soviet-style CommunismPracticed Soviet-style Communism

•Members of Warsaw PactMembers of Warsaw Pact

•Failed to develop after World War Failed to develop after World War II and suffered many shortagesII and suffered many shortages

•Germany was divided between Germany was divided between Western and Eastern Europe.Western and Eastern Europe.

- West Germany was part of West Germany was part of Western Europe and Western Europe and democratic.democratic.

- East Germany was part of East Germany was part of Eastern Europe and Eastern Europe and Communist.Communist.

•The city of Berlin was also The city of Berlin was also divided into East and West divided into East and West Berlin.Berlin.

Berlin Airlift of 1949

• At the start of the Berlin Blockade, At the start of the Berlin Blockade, before the Airlift started, West Berlin before the Airlift started, West Berlin had just thirty-five days’ worth of food, had just thirty-five days’ worth of food, and forty-five days’ worth of coal.and forty-five days’ worth of coal.

• Without the involvement of the Allied Without the involvement of the Allied Armed Forces, West Berlin would have Armed Forces, West Berlin would have been lost and the nature of post-war been lost and the nature of post-war Europe would have altered Europe would have altered significantly.significantly.

Quick Facts about the Berlin AirliftQuick Facts about the Berlin Airlift

• The Airlift officially ended on Sept. 30, 1949, fifteen The Airlift officially ended on Sept. 30, 1949, fifteen months after its meager beginnings in June of '48.months after its meager beginnings in June of '48.

• In total, the US delivered 1,783,572.7 tons, while In total, the US delivered 1,783,572.7 tons, while 541,936.9 tons were delivered by the British 541,936.9 tons were delivered by the British totaling 2.3 Million tons from 277, 569 total flights totaling 2.3 Million tons from 277, 569 total flights to Berlin.to Berlin.

• C-47's and C-54's alone traveled over 92 million C-47's and C-54's alone traveled over 92 million miles in order to do so.miles in order to do so.

• A total of 101 fatalities were recorded as a result of A total of 101 fatalities were recorded as a result of the operation, including 31 Americans, mostly due the operation, including 31 Americans, mostly due to crashes.  to crashes. 

Main Idea 2Main Idea 2

• Many Eastern European countries Many Eastern European countries changed boundaries and forms of changed boundaries and forms of government at the end of the Cold government at the end of the Cold War.War.

The Cold War came to an end The Cold War came to an end in the late 1980s through the in the late 1980s through the efforts of American and efforts of American and Soviet leaders.Soviet leaders.

American president Ronald American president Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev worked Mikhail Gorbachev worked to slow the arms race to slow the arms race between the two countries. between the two countries. Gorbachev also introduced Gorbachev also introduced many reforms in the Soviet many reforms in the Soviet Union, including democratic Union, including democratic elections.elections.

In part because of these In part because of these reforms, democratic reforms, democratic movements swept through movements swept through Eastern Europe. Countries Eastern Europe. Countries threw off Communism, and threw off Communism, and the Berlin Wall was torn the Berlin Wall was torn down. In 1991 the Soviet down. In 1991 the Soviet Union broke apart. Union broke apart.

Changes in Eastern EuropeChanges in Eastern Europe• Germany

–East and West Germany reunified after 45 years of division. The Berlin Wall was torn down.

• Soviet Union

–Former Soviet republics became independent countries. Among them were Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Belarus.

• Czechoslovakia

– Czechoslovakia peacefully broke apart into two countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

• Yugoslavia

– Ethnic conflicts triggered violence between groups. Several former republics of Yugoslavia declared their independence, but ethnic groups fought for territory. Years of civil war resulted in thousands of deaths. In the end, Yugoslavia split into five countries.

Changes in Eastern EuropeChanges in Eastern Europe

Main Idea 3Main Idea 3

• European cooperation has brought European cooperation has brought economic and political change to economic and political change to Europe.Europe.

A European CommunityA European Community

• After World War II some leaders thought that working together was the only way to avoid another world war.

• In the 1950s several European countries created a common market, a group of nations that cooperates to make trade easier.

The European UnionThe European Union

• Over time more countries joined the common market. Today it is known as the European Union or EU and has 25 members.

• Members of the EU work together on issues such as trade, migration, and the environment. By working together, EU members can compete economically with countries like the United States and Japan.

• The EU is helping to unify Europe. Since 1999, for example, many EU members have used a common currency, the euro.

1980 Map1980 Map