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Copyright 2016. All rights reserved. 1
Yeh-Liang Hsu
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
Director, Gerontechnology Research Center, Yuan Ze University
Vice President, International Society for Gerontechnology
2016/04/11
MOST-JST SYMPOSIUM ON “ICT FOR ACCESSIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF OLDER PEOPLE”
HOW TECHNOLOGY MAY HELP?
EXAMPLES OF GERONTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
“3GS” FOR THE AGING SOCIETY
Gerontology(9,990,000), Geriatrics(14,700,000), Gerontechnology(74,800)
• First International Congress on Gerontechnology in 1991
• International Society for Gerontechnology (ISG) in 1997
“Designing technology and environment for independent living and social
participation of older persons in good health, comfort and safety”
• Scope of gerontechnology (by ISG): health, housing, mobility,
communication, leisure, and work.
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MEDICAL DEVICES? ASSISTIVE DEVICES?
SMART LIVING DESIGN!
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
GERONTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
– A DESIGN CENTER
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Embracement between generations
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• CHT Smart Home
Service controller, gas detector, motion detector, smart plug, temperature/humidity
sensor, smoke detector, reed switch, IP camera, remote controller
DO YOU HAVE SMART LIVING / IOT DEVICES AT HOME?
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PUT “SMART” INTO “LIVING”, “IO” INTO EXISTING “T”
ARE THEY REALLY SELLING “LIVING”?
NOT ONLY FOR SECURITY / SAFETY / HEALTH CARE PURPOSES,
BUT ALSO FOR ENHANCING INTERACTION.
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLES OF GERONTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT:
2015 IT MONTH TAIPEI THEME PAVILION
• 9-day exhibition (11/27~12/06), together with major IT companies HTC, Asus,
Acer, CHT
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DEMENTIA HOMECARE BAR & SILVER BEDROOM
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Rehabilitation Games
Memory Corridor Intergeneration Fun
Silver Bedroom
Healthcare Cloud
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GRC / G-TECH PRODUCTS
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PUT “SMART” INTO “LIVING”, “IO” INTO EXISTING “T”
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GERONTECHNOLOGY IS ONLY VALUABLE
IF THE RD CAN BE TURNED INTO PRODUCTS
• RD, B2B, B2B2C, B2C through e-Commerce
• Entrepreneurship: This can be your career!
2016/01 2016/07 2016/10 2017/012016/04
WhizPAD WhizSEAT WhizBED
WhizMAT WhizTOYS WhizCARPET
e-Commerce
Live with Mi Wi-Fi sensor TOIS
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ALL PRODUCTS ARE BASED ON THE SAME ICT STRUCTURE
• ONE TOY, MANY GAMES: customization and personalization can be easily
implemented without altering the hardware.
• Modularizing and sharing the same structure reduce development cost and time.
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LOCALIZATION: FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGY FOR SMART LIVING
• WhizCARPET: DIY assembly, flexibility in size, location and area
• Automatically mapping
• Real time tracking from mobile device
• Possible applications: localization, mobility monitoring,
fall detection, fall protection, leave bed alarm,
rehabilitation, games…
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SMART ROOM AT TAINAN DEMENTIA NURSING HOME
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Assess wandering behaviors
of dementia patients
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WANDERING BEHAVIORS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS: MS MODEL
• A video-based observational methodology was used to assess the travel
behaviors of 40 nursing home residents, 24 of whom were identified by
nursing staff as wanderers.
• Travel was monitored continuously for
30 days, resulting in the recording of
over 5,000 unassisted travel events.
• Four basic travel patterns were observed:
direct travel (86.8%), lapping (11.6%),
random travel (.9%), and pacing (.7%).
• Travel efficiency (percentage of direct travel) was significantly related to
cognitive status (r = .56), with inefficient travel most prevalent in severely
demented participants.
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Martino-Saltzman, D., Blasch, B. B., Morris, R. D., & McNeal, L. W. (1991). Travel
behavior of nursing home residents perceived as wanderers and nonwanderers. The
Gerontologist, 31(5), 666-672.
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FRACTAL D FOR DESCRIBING MOVEMENT PATHS OF WANDERERS (I)
• Movement paths tracked by RFID for 14 residents in a nursing home, 6 with
dementia, 8 without dementia.
• Fractal dimension (Fractal D) was used to measure of complexity of
movement path (directed vs. irregular or apparently aimless locomotion)
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Kearns, W. D., Nams, V. O., & Fozard, J.
L. (2010). Tortuosity in movement paths is
related to cognitive impairment. Methods
Inf Med, 49(6), 592-8.
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FRACTAL D FOR DESCRIBING MOVEMENT PATHS OF WANDERERS (II)
• Fractal D ranges from 1 when the movement path is perfectly straight, to a
values of 2 when the movement path is random.
• Fractal D was significantly and negatively correlated with cognitive status as
measured by the Mini Mental State Examination administered to each
participant at the study’s end.
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Kearns, W. D., Nams, V. O., & Fozard, J. L. (2010). Tortuosity in movement paths is related to
cognitive impairment. Methods Inf Med, 49(6), 592-8.
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HOW TO CALCULATE FRACTAL DIMENSION
• The total length of coastline of England depends on the scale used for measurement.
When the scale approaches zero, the total length approaches infinity.
Fractal dimension 𝐷 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝜖
𝑁 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑠, 𝜖 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
• Fractal D for coastline of England
𝐷 = −log
49
9
log62.5
250
= 1.22
• Fractal D for a straight line: 1
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1967). How long is the coast
of Britain. Science, 156(3775), 636-638.
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FRACTAL D FROM MOVEMENT PATH MEASURED BY WHIZCARPET
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WANDERING BEHAVIORS CAPTURED BY WHIZCARPET
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Direct travel Pacing travel
Lapping travel Random travel
Fractal D: 1.006 Fractal D: 1.174
Fractal D: 1.413 Fractal D: 1.531
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14 DAY RECORD AT TAINAN DEMENTIA NURSING HOME
• Residents A, B are wanders, residents C, D are not.
• Fractal D > 1.4: A 36.1%, B 29.8%, C 16.5%, D 5.0%
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indexes D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
A Average Fractal D 1.63 1.30 1.29 1.21 1.38 1.30 1.38
Fractal D > 1.4 6 4 3 0 10 5 9
Fractal D < 1.4 5 15 12 4 17 17 18
B Average Fractal D 1.41 1.30 1.37 1.21 1.28 1.29 1.25
Fractal D > 1.4 9 3 1 0 6 6 5
Fractal D < 1.4 14 15 8 1 31 20 17
C Average Fractal D 1.32 1.25 1.23 1.25 1.22 1.20 1.32
Fractal D > 1.4 6 1 5 1 4 9 7
Fractal D < 1.4 15 25 27 16 18 36 52
D Average Fractal D 1.21 1.13 1.27 1.11 1.12 1.1 1.21
Fractal D > 1.4 1 1 3 0 0 0 1
Fractal D < 1.4 10 13 12 13 15 27 21
D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 Ave.
1.29 1.27 1.31 1.26 1.37 1.33 1.25 1.33
6 8 5 8 7 7 5 5.9
21 25 12 31 13 16 24 16.4
1.26 1.52 1.17 - - - - 1.30
5 2 0 - - - - 3.7
17 0 1 - - - - 12.4
1.22 1.21 1.20 1.08 1.26 1.21 1.22 1.22
4 3 0 1 6 6 0 3.8
29 9 19 13 25 25 11 22.8
1.18 1.07 1.17 1.09 1.19 1.12 1.25 1.15
0 2 0 1 1 3 1 1.0
15 20 18 6 23 21 21 16.8
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved.
MORE THAN JUST TECHNOLOGY
• WhizCARPET can be a good tool for assessing wandering behaviors of
dementia patients, in addition to the smart living functions, but…
• Practical issues: Gerontechnology is only valuable if RD can be turned into
products
• Gerontechnology is about design
• More than interdisciplinary collaboration
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Design Thinking:
IDEO(http://www.ideo.com) CEO Tim Brown
Copyright 2016. All rights reserved. 20
THANK YOUYeh-Liang Hsu
https://www.facebook.com/gerontechnologyrc/
