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How to Build a Digital-Physical System-Lab
Assegid KidanéFall 2012
Outline
Week 1- Introduction, overview, breadboard, safety, rules, Fritzing, LED demo
Week 2 - Basic electronics, components, ohms law, conventions, test equipment, Wire stripping and soldering
Week 3 - Arduino hardware and software Week 4 and on - Various functions and
combination setups
The Big Picture
Steps
Define problem and goals clearly Develop flowchart and algorithm Select main components Develop hardware and software Put it together and test Iterate until goals are met
Outline Electricity/Water analogy Electrical/Electronic circuit elements Basic formulae Reading and drawing schematics Using datasheets Microcontrollers, Arduino, Sensors, Actuators,
Media Software environments Experiential media integration
Goal
Basic electronics Use of Arduino environment Interactive environment design
Circuit Elements
Resisitors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors Integrated Circuits
Subgroup of ICs Microcontrollers (pic, Atmega etc.)
Microcontroller development boards Arduino
Breadboarding
Provides connectivity Allows reconfiguration
Connectivity Under the Hood
Breadboard in Kit
Wiring Pattern
Soldering
Make permanent connections on the PCB
Test Equipment
Multimeter Oscilloscope Signal Generator Power Supply Logic Analyzer Hand tools
Multimeter
Use to measure Voltage, Current and Resistance
Some measure frequency, capacitance, temperature and more
*** Caution*** Take extra care when measuring current Start with a selection higher than the highest
expected value
Oscilloscope
Provides detailed graphic representation of signals
Essential for signals with ac components Usefull for monitoring noise
Datasheets
Your crucial companion Consult the manufacturer's datasheet if unsure
of a device's specific behaviour Of special interest
Pinouts Absolute maximum ratings Typical application circuit
PCB Design
Eagle software
Eagle 6.02 Details
Easy to use Output files compatible with and accepted
by most PCB fabs IDE available for Windows, Mac and Linux Frequently updated library Freeware version available limited to 100 x
80 mm boards, 2 signal layers and 1 sheet
Fabrication!
General Architecture
Participatory Environment ( Installation, Performance)
Sensing Data Processing Actuation and Feedback
environment
sensing Computing
Feedback & Actuators
Sensors
Motion Position, Acceleration, Rotation
Pressure Light Sound Temperature Biometric sensors
Some Sensors
Data Processing
Desktop, Laptop Single Board Computer (SBC, Raspberry pi,
Beagleboard) Physical Computing Platform (Arduino,
Parallax, mbed) Develop using a microcontroller (Pic, Atmega,
8051)
Some Processors
Introduction to the Arduino Environment
Arduino Uno Arduino mini (Stamp) Arduino mini pro (5V, 3.3V, 8Mhz, 16Mhz) Arduino Mega Arduino Nano Arduino Lilypad ATmega Micro controllers Bootloader Installed Open Source IDE for Windows, OSx and Linux
Arduino Uno
14 Digital I/Os 6 Analog Inputs 6 PWM Outputs USB Connectivity and Programming USB bus or External Power 16MHz Clock and 32KB Flash Memory
Arduino Uno Cont’d
USB Port
External Power
Digital I/Os, PWM, Serial Port
Analog InputsPower and Reset
Arduino Mini Pro
Small footprint 16k Flash Program ROM 14 Digital and 6 Analog I/Os All UNO features except it needs external
hardware for programming
Arduino Nano
Most Versatile Arduino Arduino Mini(stamp) with built-in USB interface
and ICSP header All desirable features of Atmega 328 controller All analog inputs available in standard DIP
layout
Other Hardware
Include ArduinoBT ArduinoXBee Wee
Various Sheilds
Arduino Programming
Simple Fast No programming hardware needed*
Sample Code
Read a sensor Data = analogRead(pin)
Control analog devices(motor, light, etc) analogWrite(pin, strength)
Read a digital signal digitalRead(pin)
Output a digital signal digitalWrite(pin, HIGH)
Output & Actuation
Video displays, Projectors Speakers Lights Motors Haptic feedback devices
Actuators & Output Devices
Max/MSP
Allows sophisticated audio and video manipulation and feedback
Puredata for an OpenSource alternative with little graphics
Many objects exist to interface with almost anything. Either direct or from 3rd party developers.
Experiential Media System
Lab Class Kit
Arduino Uno LEDs (4) RGB LEDs (3) Stepper motor Stepper driver FSR Piezzo
CDS light sensor Mini breadboard USB cable Push button switch IR ranger IR ranger connector 10K potentiometer
AME Digital Culture Kit
Collect Checkout Forms and Regulation Sheet
Tool checkout form Electronic Kit checkout form Lab and equipment maintenance regulations
Safety Considerations
Avoid cobweb wiring Monitor current consumptionwhen using power
supplies Use solid wires on breadboards
LED Demo
Power from Arduino
Use push button switch to turn LED on
Resources
http://www.arduino.cc/ http://www.sparkfun.com/ http://www.digikey.com/ Books
Physical Computing, O'Sullivan and Igoe The Art of Electronics, Horowitz and Hill
Questions??
Thank you
