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University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understand HSPA: High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Understanding HSPA
Page 1
About QUALCOMM UniversityUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
QUALCOMM University (QU) offers the advanced technology training solutions you need to stay on the cutting edge of wireless technology. Visit the QU website for more information about individual training products, international training centers, and distance learning opportunities, along with a complete list of classesall developed by QUALCOMM, the pioneers of CDMA.
QUALCOMM University: www.qualcommuniversity.com QUALCOMM: www.qualcomm.comUnderstanding HSPAPage 3
1
Where Can I Learn More?University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Want to learn more?QUALCOMM University offers additional indepth technical training related to this course. To learn more about this or related topics, sign up for the following courses.
WCDMA HSDPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)
WCDMA HSUPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)To check out the schedules for these courses and enroll, go to: www.qualcommuniversity.comUnderstanding HSPAPage 4
UMTS Courses from QUALCOMM UniversityUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
For the latest information on all QUALCOMM University courses, visit www.qualcommuniversity.com.Understanding HSPAPage 6
2
Tutorial ObjectivesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Provide telecommunication professionals with the basic understanding of HSPA, the high speed packet access technologies (HSDPA, HSUPA), and related applications, network architecture, and deployments. The talk will present:the market drivers for UMTS HSPA the basic enabling techniques and terminology associated with HSPA the basic operations of HSPA the HSPA implementation and performances
Understanding HSPA
Page 7
Market DriversUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSPA Motivations
Understanding HSPA
Page 8
3
3G Enables Wider Options of ServicesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
EntertainmentAudio on demand Video on demand Games on demand Network Games Reservation services
Increasing Wireless Internet Traffic Demands Higher Data Rates
Business Workgroups Remote LAN access Videoconferencing
Information Database access E-mail/Fax/Web Location Based Services Emergency Call Locating Safety Credit verification
FinancialStock trading Wireless banking Financial news Interactive shopping E-commerce
and many others
EducationRemote learning Remote library access Remote language laboratoryPage 9
Understanding HSPA
3G (IMT-2000)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Key Features: Global Roaming More Capacity, High Speed Data CDMA2000 1x Medium Speed Data Capacity/Quality Roaming Mobility AMPS 1G TDMA GSM PDC cdmaOne IS-95A cdmaOne IS-95B GPRS CDMA2000 1xEV WCDMA Multi-Mode Multi-Band Multi-Network 2G 2.5G Time 3G (IMT-2000)
Commonality Compatibility High quality Small terminals Worldwide roaming Multimedia Wide range of services
IMT-2000 aims to achieve Anywhere, Anytime CommunicationsUnderstanding HSPAPage 10
4
3G Enables Advanced Data ServicesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
MM streaming MM sharing Wireless Broadband Access Interactive Gaming VoIP with AMR-WB
ve d EvolSpectral Efficiency
3GHSDPA/HSUPA HSDPA/HSUPA (Rel5 // Rel6) (Rel5 Rel6)
Rich Voice Video Telephony
WCDMA (R99) WCDMA (R99)
Voice & High Speed Data
Push-to-Talk Customized Infotainment Multimedia Messaging
EDGE EDGE
Medium Speed DataGPRS GPRS GSM GSM
Text Messaging Speech
Voice & Limited Data
Data Services Evolution Understanding HSPA
Peak Data RatePage 12
HSPA for Higher SpeedUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
What are the requirements for HSPA?
Data Rate Demand for higher peak data rates
Delay Lower latency
Capacity Better capacity and throughput Better spectrum efficiency Finer resource granularity
Coverage Better coverage for higher data rate
Understanding HSPA
Page 13
5
UMTS Data Rate EvolutionUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
GSM GPRS EDGE W CDMA Release 99 HSDPA - Release 5 HSUPA - Release 6Understanding HSPA
Uplink Peak Data Rate (Typical Deployment) 9.6 kbps 20 kbps 60 kbps 64 kbps 384 kbps 1.4 Mbps (early deployment)
Dow nlink Peak Data Rate (Typical Deployment) 9.6 kbps 40 kbps 120 kbps 384 kbps 10 Mbps* 10 MbpsPage 14
Applications Benefiting from HSPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Voice-over-IP (VoIP)- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, fine resource granularity and improved capacity
Delay Sensitive Error Tolerant
Video Telephony (in Packet Switched domain)- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, high data rates and improved coverage and capacity
Gaming- Low latency, fast resource allocation
Video Share / Picture ShareDelay Tolerant Error SensitiveUnderstanding HSPA
- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage and capacity
File Uploading (large files) - High Uplink data rates and improved coverageand capacityPage 15
6
University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Part I: Understanding HSDPA
Understanding HSPA
Page 18
Review - UMTS Network ArchitectureUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Node B Node B Node B Uu User Equipment Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iub RNC Iups SGSN GGSN Internet
USIM
Mobile Equipment
Iur Iub RNC Iucs MSC/ VLR
HLR/ AuC
GMSC
PSTN/ ISDN
Core Network UTRAN
Understanding HSPA
Page 19
7
Review - UMTS Protocol StackUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Circuit Switched Connection Management (CM) NonAccess Stratum Call Control Supplementary Short Message Services (SS) Services (SMS) (CC)
Packet Switched Session Management (SM) Short Message Services (SMS)
Mobility Management (MM)
GPRS Mobility Management (GMM)
Radio Resources Control (RRC) Access Stratum Layer 2 Medium Access Control (MAC)
Radio Link Control (RLC)
Physical Layer (L1)Understanding HSPAPage 20
Review - Release 99 ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 21
8
Review RRC Modes and StatesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
UTRAN Connected ModeChannels: PCH, No Uplink Mobility: URA Update Calls: PS (no data transfer) DRX Mode URA_PCH CELL_PCH Channels: PCH, No Uplink Mobility: Cell Update Calls: PS (no data transfer) DRX Mode Channels: FACH, RACH Mobility: Cell Update Calls: PS Dedicated logical channels, but common transport and physical channels No DRX Mode Channels: PCH, No Uplink Mobility: Location/Routing Area Update Calls: None, PS call might be in context preserved state DRX Mode
Channels: Downlink DCH, Uplink DCH Mobility: Handover Calls: PS, CS
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
Release RRC Connection
Establish RRC Connection
Release RRC Connection
Establish RRC Connection
Idle Mode (Camping on a UTRAN cell)
Understanding HSPA
Page 22
Release 99 PrinciplesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How is Packet Data Managed in Release 99?
DCH (Dedicated Channel) Spreading codes assigned per user Closed loop power control Macro diversity
FACH (Common Channel) Common spreading code Header defines user No closed loop power control
DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) not implemented for FDD Common spreading code shared by many users User assignment by Physical Layer signaling Closed loop power control with DPCH
Understanding HSPA
Page 23
9
DCH/FACH Comparison SummaryUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How do we do Packet Data in Release 99Mode Channel Type Power Control DCH Dedicated Closed Inner Loop at 1500 Hz Slower Outer Loop Supported High Poor Medium Good FACH Common None or slow (based on measurement report) Not Supported Low Good Low Poor
Soft Handover Setup Time Suitability for Bursty Data Data Rate Radio Performance
Understanding HSPA
Page 24
What will HSDPA Address?University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Release 99 Downlink Limitations
Limited Peak Data Rate Maximum implemented Downlink of 384 kbps
Capacity and Throughput Modulation and codingQPSK Convolution coding (R=1/2, 1/3) or turbo coding (R=1/3)
Link adaptation due to channel conditionsFast closed inner loop power control, but Slower outer loop
Minimum TTI of 10 ms Slow Rate and Type Switching
Understanding HSPA
Page 37
10
HSDPA GoalsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Higher Data Rate Higher User / Cell Throughput Lower Latency
Understanding HSPA
Page 38
HSDPA Enabling TechnologiesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How will HSDPA address the limitations of Release 99? Extension of DSCH Multi-Code operation Adaptive modulation and coding QPSK and 16-QAM Coding from R=1/3 to R=1 Fast feedback of channel condition
Improve transmission efficiency Fast retransmission and Physical Layer HARQ
Fast resource management Node B scheduling
Reduce transmission latency 2 ms TTI
Understanding HSPA
Page 39
11
Common Channel for DataUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Common Channel for data transfer using the HS-PDSCH
HS-
PDS C
H
Understanding HSPA
Page 40
Multi-Code OperationUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Fixed Spreading Factor SF=16 (Typical Spreading Factor for 128 kbps in Release 99)
1-15 codes can be reserved for HS-PDSCH Can be TDM or CDM between users
Up to 15 codes reserved for HS-PDSCH transmission
2 ms (3 slots)
User #1Understanding HSPA
User #2
User #3
User #4Page 41
12
Adaptive Modulation and CodingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Coding from R=1/3 to R=1 HSPDA supports 16-QAM modulation 4 bits per symbol versus 2 bits per symbol with QPSK
Understanding HSPA
Page 42
Link Adaptation versus Power ControlUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Release 99 Use fast power control with fixed data rate (DCH)
HSDPA Adapt the modulation and coding to the link quality
Fast Link adaptation:Rate #3: e.g. 16-QAM, R=3/4 Rate #2: e.g. QPSK, R=3/4 Rate #1: e.g. QPSK, R=1/2
Channel quality (C/I) Switching levels
Rate #2
Rate #1 Rate #2
Rate #3 Rate #2 Rate #1
Rate #2
time
Understanding HSPA
Page 43
13
Scheduling ComparisonUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
RELEASE 99 Scheduling RLC ARQ Resource Allocation
RNC
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA) RLC ARQ Resource Allocation
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA) Scheduling Link Adaptation HARQ Resource AllocationUnderstanding HSPA
Node B
Page 44
HSDPA Scheduling and RetransmissionsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Scheduling Done at the Node B No interaction with the RNC Based on channel quality feedback from the UE
Retransmissions HARQ (link level retransmissions) Done at the Node B Based on UE feedback (ACK/NACK) Soft combining at the UE
Understanding HSPA
Page 45
14
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Scheme combining ARQ and Forward ErrorCorrection
FEC decoding based on all unsuccessfultransmissions
Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol Two basic schemes: Chase Combiningsame data block is sent at each retransmission
Incremental Redundancy (IR)Additional Redundant Information sent at each retransmission
Understanding HSPA
Page 46
HARQ IllustrationUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
NA K
l Fai
Pa
ss
AC K
NA K
Understanding HSPA
Page 47
15
Comparison SummaryUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Mode Channel Type Pow er Control Soft Handover Suitability for Bursty Data Data Rate / Traffic Volumn
HSDPA DCH FACH Dedicated Common Common Closed Inner Loop Fixed Pow er at 1500 Hz - Slow None w ith link Outer Loop adaptation Supported Not Supported Not Supported Poor Medium Good Low Good High
Understanding HSPA
Page 48
UMTS Network Architecture with HSDPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Node B Node B Node B Uu Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iub RNC Iups SGSN GGSN Internet
USIM
Mobile Equipment User Equipment
Iur Iub RNC MSC/ VLR
HLR/ AuC
Hardware and Software Changes Software Changes
Iucs
GMSC
PSTN/ ISDN
Core Network UTRAN
Understanding HSPA
Page 49
16
HSDPA Protocol StackUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 50
HSDPA ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
New HSDPA ChannelsTransport Channel
High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) Downlink Transport Channel
Physical Channels
High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) Downlink Control Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) Downlink Data Channel
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) Uplink Control ChannelPage 51
Understanding HSPA
17
HSDPA Channels (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 52
HSDPA Operation OverviewUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSDPA OperationHS-DPCCH HS-DSCH HS-SCCH P-CPICH
1. Each UE reports channel quality on HS-DPCCH. 2. The Node B determines which and when each UE is to be served. 3. The Node B informs the UE to be served via HS-SCCH. 4. Then deliver the data to the UE via HS-DSCH. 5. The UE sends feedback (ACK/NAK) back to Node B on HS-DPCCH.Page 53
3dTower.emf
Node BPC C H SSC HS P-D C C SC PI H C H H H
UE
Understanding HSPA
H
SD
18
HSDPA Channel Operation TimelineUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 54
HS-PDSCHUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
Carries UE data Up to 15 HS-PDSCH may be assigned simultaneously UE capability indicates maximum number of codes it supports
Uses Spreading Factor = 16Understanding HSPAPage 55
19
HS-DPCCHUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
ACK/ NAK
CQI
HS-DPCCH Uplink Channel 2 ms 3 slots
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-PDCCH) 1st slot carries ACK or NAK for received HS-DSCH blocks 2nd and 3rd slots carry Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures Downlink CPICH channel quality CQI indicates the highest data rate for error rate < 10% Frequency of CQI reports configured by UTRAN
DTX during ACK/NAK and CQI slots if nothing to send Uses Spreading Factor = 256Page 56
Understanding HSPA
HS-SCCHUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
1st part carries modulation information OVSF code assignment Modulation scheme
2nd part carries transport block size, Hybrid ARQ parameters UE Identity encoded over each part UE decodes each part independently
UE assigned up to 4 HS-SCCHs to monitor Uses Spreading Factor = 128Understanding HSPAPage 57
20
Data Rate ExampleUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Question:
Assuming a transport block size of 320 bits, what HSDPA data rate can be achieved by a single UE using the channel allocation timing shown above?Understanding HSPAPage 58
Data Rate Example (cont.)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Answer: 320 bits are transmitted every 10 ms, so the maximum data rate is 32 kbps.Understanding HSPAPage 59
21
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data RateUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How do we get from 32 kbps to 14.4 Mbps?
Multi-code transmission Consecutive assignments using multiple HybridAutomatic Repeat Request (HARQ) processes
Lower coding gain 16-QAM
Understanding HSPA
Page 60
Multi-code TransmissionUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Data Rate with 15-code Multi-code32 kbps X 15 = 480 kbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 61
22
Consecutive AssignmentsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Data Rate with Consecutive Assignments480 kbps X 5 = 2.4 Mbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 62
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process HARQ Processes run in Node B and UE Up to 8 HARQ processes per UE Number configured by Node B when HSDPA operations begin
The UE HARQ process is responsible for: Attempting to decode the data Deciding whether to send ACK or NAK Soft-combining of retransmitted data
The Node B HARQ process is responsible for: Selecting the correct bits to send according to the selected retransmission scheme and UE capability
Understanding HSPA
Page 63
23
Lower Coding GainUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
R=1/3 Turbo Coding and QPSK Modulation
Understanding HSPA
Page 64
Lower Coding Gain (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Data Rate with Rate 1 Turbo Coding and QPSK Modulation2.4 Mbps X 3 = 7.2 Mbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 65
24
16-QAMUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Data Rate with 16-QAM7.2 Mbps X 2 = 14.4 Mbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 66
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data RateUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Review: How do we get to 14.4 Mbps? Multi-code transmission Node B must allocate all 15 OVSF codes of length 16 to one UE
Consecutive assignments Node B must allocate all time slots to one UE UE must decode all transmissions correctly on the first transmission
Lower Coding Gain Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode
16-QAM Requires very good channel conditions
Understanding HSPA
Page 67
25
Inter-TTI IntervalUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Inter-TTI Interval = 2CQI ACK ACK ACK
HS-DPCCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1
. . .HS-PDSCH N
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
1 2 msUnderstanding HSPA
2
3
4
5
6
7
8Page 69
RetransmissionsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
NAK HS-DPCCH
ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
HS-PDSCH 15
1 2 ms
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 ms minimum retransmit intervalUnderstanding HSPAPage 70
26
ACK/NAK RepetitionsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 71
Node B Implementation ConsiderationsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Considerations
OVSF Code Allocation Power Allocation CQI Report Processing Scheduler HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure Compressed Mode
Understanding HSPA
Page 72
27
OVSF AllocationUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HS-SCCH
SCCPCH
Understanding HSPA
Page 73
Node B Transmit Power AllocationUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Total available cell power
Total available cell power
Understanding HSPA
Page 74
28
CQI Report ProcessingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
UE measures CPICH strength Measurement reference period is 3 slots, ending 1 slot before CQI is sent
UE reports index into CQI Table Highest data rate for which UE can guarantee error rate < 10%
Node B may filter CQI reports Varying CQI means UE is in a fast changing environment Steady CQI means UE is in a stable environment
Understanding HSPA
Page 75
Node B SchedulerUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Pure Time Division MultiplexingUser #1 User #2 User #2 User #3 User #1 User #4 User #4 User #2 User #1
15 codes reserved for HS-PDSCH transmission
HS -DSCH TTI (3 slots = 2 ms)
User #1 User #3
User #2 User #4
Combined Code and Time Division Multiplexing
User #1 User #3Understanding HSPA
User #2 User #4Page 76
29
HSDPA Cell Re-pointing ProcedureUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 77
HSUPA PerformanceUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Maximum Theoretical Data Rate:
14.4 Mbps 15 codes 16QAM Consecutive assignments (Inter-TTI spacing of 1) Coding Rate of 1
Practical Peak Data Rate:
10.0 Mbps Full capability UE Good RF conditions (High Cell Geometry) Single UE
Dedicated HSDPA carrierPage 79
Understanding HSPA
30
University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Part II: Understanding HSUPA
Understanding HSPA
Page 80
Release 99 Uplink Packet DataUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How is Uplink Packet Data handled in Release 99?
DCH (Dedicated Channel) Variable spreading factor Closed loop power control Macro diversity (soft handover)
RACH (Common Channel) Common spreading code Fixed (negotiated) spreading factor No closed loop power control No soft handover
Understanding HSPA
Page 81
31
Release 99 Uplink LimitationsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Large Scheduling Delays Slow scheduling from RNC
Large Latency Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations of 10/20/40/80 ms RNC based retransmissions in case of errors
Limited Uplink Data Rate Deployed peak data rate is 384 kbps
Limited Uplink Cell Capacity Typically about 800 kbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 82
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Set of high speed channels is received at the Node B. Interference is shared by multiple users. Several users may be allowed to transmit at given data rateand power on a fast scheduling.Understanding HSPAPage 83
32
Enhancements Provided by HSUPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How will HSUPA address the limitations of Release 99? Higher Peak Data Rate in Uplink Enable new services and improve user perception
Improved Uplink Coverage for higher Data Rates Improved Uplink Cell Capacity Reduced Latency Fast Scheduling and Resource Control Increase resource utilization and efficiency
Quality of Service (QoS) support Improve QoS control and resource utilizationUnderstanding HSPAPage 84
How are Enhancements Achieved?University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Release 99 UL DCHMinimum TTI of 10 ms Slow UL rate switching (RNC based)
HSUPASmaller TTI of 2 ms Fast UL data rate control in the Node B Improved Physical Layer performance through HARQImproved Cell Capacity Higher Peak Data Rates Reduced Latency Improved QoS Support Faster Resource Control
Dedicated resource allocation that could not be used efficiently Slow mechanism to request resources Multiplexing of transport channels at Physical LayerUnderstanding HSPA
Dedicated resource allocation for latency sensitive applications Fast mechanism to request UL resources Multiplexing of logical channels at MAC layer
New Transport Channel
New Physical ChannelsPage 85
33
HSUPA vs. HSDPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSDPA New high-speed Channel Shared
HSUPA Dedicated Channel with Enhanced Capabilities
HARQ with Fast Retransmission at Layer 1
Rate/Modulation Adaptation Single Serving Cell Fast Node-B Scheduler One-to-ManyShared Node-B Power and CodeUnderstanding HSPA
Fast Power Control Soft Handover Fast Node-B Scheduler Many-to-OneRise-over-Thermal (RoT)Page 86
Rise-over-Thermal NoiseUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Grant Received from NodeB
4
In order to decode received data correctly, a minimum SINR shall be guaranteed at the Node B receiver. Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the Uplink load.
UE Data Rate
5UE Transmit Power
1. By increasing the number of transmitting UEs and their transmit power, the level of interference in the Uplink band increases.Interference from other UEs
1NodeB
2. This interference is perceived by the Node B receiver as noise, affecting the SINR. 3. The Node B controls the interference level by adjusting the UE grant assignments. 4. When the UE receives a new grant, it uses it in combination with available UE transmit power and the amount of data in the buffer 5. to determine the data rate and the corresponding transmit power.Page 87
2 3Determination of grant for the UE (At NodeB) UL Interference Level (RoT measure)
Understanding HSPA
34
Node B Scheduler for HSUPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
The HSUPA scheduler addresses the trade-off between: andSeveral users that want to transmit at high data rate all the time Satisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and maximizing resource utilization
3dTower.emf
Node B
Understanding HSPA
Page 88
Rise-over-Thermal LoadingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
With the introduction of HSUPA, a lower Uplink margin for preventing overload situations can be used, thanks to the fast resource allocation and control mechanisms in the Node B.RoT Overload
R6 UL margin R99 UL
Target Load
load
Possible additional load with HSUPAUnderstanding HSPAPage 89
35
HSUPA Channel OperationUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Operation1. The UE sends a Transmission Request to the Node B for getting resources.3dTower.emf
EQ
R
G
R
AN
Node B
2. The Node B responds to the UE with a Grant Assignment, allocating Uplink band to the UE. 3. The UE uses the grant to select the appropriate transport format for the Data Transmission to the Node B. 4. The Node B attempts to decode the received data and send ACK/NAK to the UE. In case of NAK, data may be retransmitted.Page 90
T AT A
UE
Understanding HSPA
A C
D
K
/N
AK
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
1. Transmission RequestThe UE requests data transmission by means of the Scheduling Information (SI), which is determined according the UE Power and Buffer Data availability. The scheduling information is sent in-band to the Node B.
Understanding HSPA
Page 91
36
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
2. Grant AssignmentThe Node B determines the UE Grant by monitoring Uplink interference (RoT at the receiver), and by considering the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction. The grant is signaled to the UE by new grant channels.
Understanding HSPA
Page 92
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
3. Data TransmissionThe UE uses the received grant and, based on its power and data availability, selects the E-DCH Transport Format and the corresponding Transmit Power. Data are transmitted by the UE on together with the related control information.
Understanding HSPA
Page 93
37
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
4. Data AcknowledgmentThe Node B attempts to decode the received data and indicates to the UE with ACK/NAK if successful. If no ACK is received by the UE, the data may be retransmitted.
Understanding HSPA
Page 94
UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Node B Node B Node B Uu Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iub RNC Iups SGSN GGSN Internet
USIM
Mobile Equipment User Equipment
Iur Iub RNC MSC/ VLR
HLR/ AuC
Hardware and Software Changes Software Changes
Iucs
GMSC
PSTN/ ISDN
Core Network UTRAN
Understanding HSPA
Page 95
38
HSUPA Protocol StackUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 96
HSUPA Uplink ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
New HSUPA Uplink Channels:
Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) Uplink Transport Channel
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH) Uplink Physical Channel
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH) Uplink Control Channel
Understanding HSPA
Page 99
39
HSUPA Downlink ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
New HSUPA Downlink Channels:
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (E-HICH) Downlink Physical Channel
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH) Downlink Physical Channel
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH) Downlink Physical Channel
Understanding HSPA
Page 100
HSUPA Channel MappingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Rel. 99 Rel. 5 Rel. 6
Understanding HSPA
Page 101
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Uplink ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
E-DPDCH Carries the payload. May include a schedulingrequest from UE to Node B.
HD
PAYLOAD
SI
TTI
E-DPCCH Carries control informationrequired to decode the payload carried by EDPDCH.
Carries an indication fromUE to indicate to the Node B whether the assigned resources are adequate.
Understanding HSPA
Page 102
Downlink ChannelsUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
E-AGCH
The absolute grant carries maximum allowed E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio. Carries information that controls HARQ process.Up / Down / Hold
E-RGCH
The relative grant carries a simple command to increase (UP), Decrease (DOWN), or keep (HOLD) the current grant.
TTIACK/NAK
E-HICH
Gives feedback to the UE about previous data transmission, carrying Acknowledge (ACK) or Not Acknowledge (NAK).
TTIUnderstanding HSPAPage 103
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HSUPA Channel TimingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Understanding HSPA
Page 104
HSUPA Features (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Shorter TTI of 2 ms In HSUPA both 10 ms and 2 ms TTI are supported A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasing the average and peak cell throughput A tighter resource control can be implemented, thus allowing for additional capacity
Higher Peak Data Rate For a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a 2-ms TTI UE 5.76 Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPAUnderstanding HSPAPage 105
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HSUPA Features (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Hybrid-ARQ N-channel Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol, with 4 processes for 10 ms TTI and 8 processes for 2 ms TTI3dTower.emf
E-DCH cells part of the Active Set
3dTower.emf
Separate HARQ feedback is provided per Radio-Link
AC K
DA TA
Synchronous retransmission
Node B
Node B
K NA
TA DA
Understanding HSPA
Page 106
HSUPA Features (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Rate Request
The UE requests grant for data transmission The UTRAN controls the grants for transmission on Uplink Scheduled transmissions granted by the Node B for high speed data Non-Scheduled transmissions granted by the RNC for delay-sensitive applications
Rate Control
Load Control
The UTRAN monitors Rise-over-Thermal (RoT) noise at the Node B receiver. UTRAN prevents overloading by reducing scheduled grants to UEs
Understanding HSPA
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HSUPA Features (continued)University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Quality of Service (QoS) QoS is linked to a logical channel. Up to 15 logical channels can be multiplexed on a single MAC-e PDU. Each logical channel may have a different QOS and a different priority level.Air interface
Priority level is considered while forming a MAC-e PDU. Parameters affecting HSUPA performance are set as per the QoS requirements.
Understanding HSPA
Page 109
E-DCH Active Set and Mobility SupportUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Example with an Active Set of 4 cells3dTower.emf
There are three different types of Radio Links in the UE Active Set:
Node B
Serving E-DCH cell
Serving E-DCH Cell The cell from which UE receives AGCH from scheduler. Serving (E-DCH) RLS Set of cells that contain at least the serving cell and from which the UE can receive and combine the serving RGCH. Non-Serving RL Cell that belongs to the E-DCH Active Set but does not belong to the serving RLS and from which the UE can receive a RGCH.
Non-Serving Radio Links (RL)
3dTower.emf
Node B3dTower.emf
Node B
Serving E-DCH Radio Link Set (RLS)
Understanding HSPA
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HSUPA Serving Cell ChangeUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
From the 3GPP Standards: HSUPA Serving Cell is the same as HSDPA Serving CellUnderstanding HSPAPage 111
Active Set Composition with HSUPAUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
All cells belonging to the UE AS that handle E-DCH
All cells belonging to the UE AS
DPCH Active Set (max 6 cells) E-DCH Active Set (max 4 cells)NonServing RL
Other AS cell
E-DCH Serving Cell
Serving RL
Serving RLServing RLS
NonServing RL
Other AS cell
Send AGCHUnderstanding HSPA
UE can combine RGCH commands from these cells
Send nonserving RGCH
Is in SHOPage 112
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Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data RateUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
How do we get 5.76 Mbps? Lower Coding Gain Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode
Lower Spreading factor UE can use SF2
Multi-code transmission UE can use up to 4 codes, 2 with SF4 plus 2 with SF2 Require some power back-off at UE side
Shorter TTI Requires higher processing capabilities at terminal and Node BPage 113
Understanding HSPA
E-DPDCH with SF4 and PuncturingUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 1920 bits (for 960 kpbs).Understanding HSPAPage 114
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Lower Spreading Factor SF2University
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 3840 bits (for 1920 kpbs).Understanding HSPAPage 115
Multi-code TransmissionUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Use of multi-code transmission 2 x SF2 + 2 x SF4(2 x 1920 kbps) + (2 x 960 kbps) = 5760 kbps
Understanding HSPA
Page 116
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HSUPA UE CapabilitiesUniversity
Technical Tutorial November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
E-DCH Category Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6
Max number of E-DPDCH channels 1 2 2 2 2 4
Minimum SF SF 4 SF 4 SF 4 SF 2 SF2 SF2 + SF 4
Supported TTI 10 ms 2 & 10 ms 10 ms 2 & 10 ms 10 ms 2 & 10 ms
Peak rate for TTI = 10 ms* 711 kbps 1448 kbps 1448 kbps 2000 kbps 2000 kbps 2000 kbps
Peak rate for TTI = 2 ms -1448 kbps -2886 kbps -5742 kbps
* Maximum Peak data rate for 10 ms E-DCH TTI operation is 2 Mbps in all configurationsUnderstanding HSPAPage 117
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