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1&. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& .

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i

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∋! ( !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ∋∀

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0∗!%vmstat&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& .≅

1∗!% ps aux ;1

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&∗ ( Α ∃

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ;Β

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sar8 ;Χ

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mpstat Χ

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top - 17:40:12 up 187 days, 15:34, 6 users, load average: 7.82, 11.95, 12.28Tasks: 278 total, 10 running, 262 sleeping, 0 stopped, 6 zombieCpu(s): 75.7% us, 8.8% sy, 0.0% ni, 0.7% id, 13.8% wa, 0.0% hi, 1.0% siMem: 15585296k total, 15575984k used, 9312k free, 100032k buffersSwap: 20971488k total, 453872k used, 20517616k free, 14220000k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND31513 oracle 25 0 1947m 1.8g 1.7g R 99 11.8 0:52.82 oracle29223 oracle 25 0 1935m 1.7g 1.7g R 85 11.8 1:17.66 oracle32546 oracle 18 0 1935m 1.7g 1.7g R 59 11.7 0:03.96 oracle10091 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 20 11.7 0:06.78 oracle32412 oracle 18 0 1937m 1.7g 1.7g R 15 11.7 0:01.59 oracle11059 oracle 16 0 1936m 1.7g 1.7g D 14 11.7 443:46.81 oracle15674 oracle 16 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g R 12 11.7 0:22.59 oracle11011 oracle 15 0 1954m 1.7g 1.7g S 6 11.7 76:09.97 oracle11007 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 6 11.6 59:42.30 oracle11003 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 5 11.6 56:16.54 oracle11005 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 3 11.6 52:14.53 oracle11009 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 3 11.6 52:02.76 oracle 4197 root 34 19 0 0 0 R 3 0.0 3325:30 kipmi011019 oracle 16 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g R 2 11.7 442:41.53 oracle11021 oracle 16 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g R 2 11.7 441:44.35 oracle11023 oracle 16 0 1933m 1.7g 1.7g S 2 11.7 442:39.17 oracle

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! + top

19

, ∀>:-n;∀

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=≅∀

2 ∀ 3

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$ top -b -n 5 > /tmp/teste.txt

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∀ 1 54/&Χ5677∆92

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$ top -p 2350, 3900

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Χ%%

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2uptime %

% ∃

[capacity@Crato ~]$ uptime 17:59:01 up 186 days, 15:53, 5 users, load average: 5.94, 7.27, 8.32[capacity@Crato ~]$

! 7+:uptime

Χ! ∀8 %

%≅Θ? ≅

∆6∆ =≅ 8>6

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#

%% !

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%

26

[capacity@Crato ~]$ vmstat 2 5procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa13 1 453872 14048 72624 14214384 0 0 1459 5293 0 0 59 14 22 5 8 1 453872 17792 72704 14222560 0 0 434 13468 4553 983 92 8 0 0 9 0 453872 26432 72752 14220448 0 0 1518 11288 5335 1854 87 12 0 0 8 1 453872 9728 72832 14214176 0 0 3588 50254 6009 4387 82 17 1 011 1 453872 8256 72608 14210272 0 0 12734 49836 5719 2754 94 5 1 1[capacity@Crato ~]$

! 8+:vmstat

2 vmstat ∀

#

Π

, ∀ Θ vmstat ! 6

∀≅ # ∀

%

1(2&,+2, 677?9

% %

%uptime−

! ∃

ΧΑ#% !

[VMSTAT, 1994]Φ

Tabela 6: Métricas medidas pelo vmstat

: :∗%

procs r , ∀./ 3

27

b ,

memory

swpd 4∗ ΝΟ

free 4∗ %∗

buff −∗ %∗

cache −∗ # %∗

swapsi

∗ ΝΟ

so ∗ ΝΟ

io bi %∗

bo %∗

system in , ∀

cs ,∃∀

cpu

us ∀ !∃

sy ∀ !

id ∀

wa ∀

/ cpu Α vmstat

∃

!

2

! #∀

28

%

vmstat 1/∋,2677∆9

, % #

%

∀ 1(2&,+2,

677?92 vmstat

# ∃

!∀#

/ ) ∀ ∃ ∃

%

∀#1(2&,+2,677?9

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%∃ %

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∀ ∃

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∀

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#∀ ∀

∃

29

∀ !

∃ 1(2&,+2,677?9

3

∀

∀

∋ ∃ 1(2&,+2, 677?9 )

% #∀

=77Η∀!, ∃

∃#

2 ps top

ps ∃

top

∃ %

/ vmstat

∀

! ∀∀

#

/ vmstat∀

∀ ! ∃

30

sariostat #

∀ !

#∀.∀

Π

# )

∃∀

%∀pspstree

2 ps % #

%∃ ∃ 1/∋,2677∆9

∋ #

∃

∗

# ∀

Π

∃

Π:aux;

∀=7

[capacity@martins sa]$ ps auxUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND4051 30568 0.0 0.0 55040 2816 ? S 17:30 0:00 /bin/sh /opt/ngin/interfaces/4051 30569 0.1 0.0 319136 52448 ? Sl 17:30 0:03 /usr/java/j2sdk1.4.2_13/bin/java oracle 30591 21.4 12.2 8338912 8179296 ? Ss 18:08 0:00 oraclemartins (LOCAL=NO)oracle 30773 0.0 12.2 8338976 8186352 ? Ss Mar11 0:00 oraclemartins (LOCAL=NO)oracle 30809 45.9 12.2 8343184 8188560 ? Ss 18:08 0:00 oraclemartins (LOCAL=NO)(... a saida continua ...)

! 9+: ps aux

31

,!)1 +677?9Φ

/∋)3∃ ∃

)

3) ∀

34/4) ∀∗ !

:1)−∗ %∗

∋)−∗ ! %∗

;)4 ∃

. )+

∃ &

.∋)&

4/)4

!44.0)/ ∀

2pstree

∃# ∃ !

∀1/∋,2677∆9

Π

# )

∃∀

32

−%∀free

2 free ∗

Λ %

%1/∋,2677≅9, ∀==)#

∀ ! free -m

! +#! free -m1/∋,2677∆9

+Π 1Λ5∋∋=ΘΘ>9Φ

-b-k-m-g ∋ #

33

-l # ∗

-c <contador> ∋ ! uptime

<contador>

∋% ∃ ∃

∗ ∃

Χ%-s free

∗ !

∗

15∋&Χ4677Θ9

4%∀iostat

2 iostat !

% Ε

1(2&,+2, 677?9 Χ

∃ ! !

∋ ∀ ) ∃

!

34

[capacity@santaluz ~]$ iostat

Linux 2.6.9-42.ELsmp (santaluz) 03/12/2009

avg-cpu: %user %nice %sys %iowait %idle 23.82 0.00 3.74 1.03 71.41

Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtncciss/c0d0 23.14 938.64 332.99 2351158464 834091910cciss/c0d0p1 0.00 0.03 0.00 83940 790cciss/c0d0p2 3.14 13.99 11.16 35030944 27942680cciss/c0d0p3 55.44 924.58 321.83 2315936044 806147280dm-0 1.04 1.32 7.85 3313458 19663824dm-1 0.10 4.15 0.44 10382706 1110344dm-2 2.52 12.50 18.55 31301146 46477504dm-3 1.01 0.57 7.68 1422666 19224992dm-4 49.40 889.14 280.70 2227179690 703118096dm-5 0.85 12.94 3.03 32420058 7594888dm-6 0.51 3.96 3.58 9921634 8958792

! ++!iostat

/ ∀ =6 iostat

%

top ∋ ∀ ∗

# ! #

∗∀ ∀

Χ ∀

12+4Χ4677∆9Φ

Ω ! ∀

∗#< & ∗#< Ω

∀ 2

#

# =76? 67?8?7?8

35

# /dev/

sda1 % dumpe2fs

∀=>

$ dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda1 | grep -F “Block size”

! +Β #

∗#<&∗#<Ω

2iostat Π

Π -x % ∃ 12+4Χ4 677∆9 Χ

∀=?!iostat -x

[capacity@santaluz ~]$ iostat -xLinux 2.6.9-42.ELsmp (santaluz) 03/12/2009

avg-cpu: %user %nice %sys %iowait %idle 23.82 0.00 3.74 1.03 71.41

Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %utilcciss/c0d0 2.12 33.32 14.85 8.30 938.62 332.98 469.31 166.49 54.94 0.55 23.70 2.55 5.90dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.98 1.32 7.85 0.66 3.93 8.82 0.02 16.69 3.25 0.34dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 4.14 0.44 2.07 0.22 45.04 0.01 63.05 4.40 0.04dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.32 12.50 18.55 6.25 9.28 12.31 0.67 265.99 2.22 0.56dm-3 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.96 0.57 7.67 0.28 3.84 8.13 0.79 782.42 1.13 0.11dm-4 0.00 0.00 14.31 35.09 889.12 280.70 444.56 140.35 23.68 0.29 5.94 0.96 4.73dm-5 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.38 12.94 3.03 6.47 1.52 18.76 0.02 23.17 3.27 0.28dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.45 3.96 3.58 1.98 1.79 14.65 0.03 61.66 5.31 0.27

! ++!iostat -x

Χ∗ Π ∃

12+4Χ4677∆9Φ

+ & + Ω

36

∀

Ω

∀

Ω

∀

#∗ #∗ Ω %∗

∀

+∀ Ω % #

∋% ∀

+∀ Ω % #

) % ∀

!

Ω % ∀

!

3 Ω∀ !

+∀1(2&,+2,677?9

=77Η )

Π

# )

∃∀

37

5%∀sar

2sar∃ !

iostat mpstat sar2 sar Ε

Φ∗ sar sa1 sa2

1+Χ5

677∆9

Χ% sa1 sa2 ∀

∀∃

2 ∀ ∃ ∀

/var/log/sa

Ε !

1(2&,+2,677?9

∗ =≅Ε

∀ ∀=≅

[capacity@martins sa]$ sar -r -f /var/log/sa/sa11Linux 2.6.9-67.EL (martins) 03/11/2009

12:00:02 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbswpfree kbswpused %swpused kbswpcad12:10:01 AM 112992 66580032 99.83 1321408 54660240 143527776 38368 0.03 22412:20:01 AM 111552 66581472 99.83 1218944 54779216 143527776 38368 0.03 22412:30:01 AM 216416 66476608 99.68 1210096 54519968 143527776 38368 0.03 012:40:01 AM 193504 66499520 99.71 1132576 54975200 143527776 38368 0.03 012:50:01 AM 93024 66600000 99.86 1080480 54979824 143527776 38368 0.03 001:00:01 AM 103312 66589712 99.85 1010288 55128448 143527776 38368 0.03 001:10:01 AM 104064 66588960 99.84 1075552 54495584 143527776 38368 0.03 001:20:01 AM 111744 66581280 99.83 1076784 54395280 143527776 38368 0.03 001:30:01 AM 97120 66595904 99.85 1135264 54072608 143527776 38368 0.03 0(... a saida continua ...)

! −+3sar

2sar ∀∗

!

38

∀ ∗

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677?9

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sar

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sar -u 5 10 ∃ !

≅∀

∀ %

Χ !

2 sar !

#iostatΧ ∀=Α!

sar -b !∃

[capacity@martins ~]$ sar -bLinux 2.6.9-67.EL (martins) 03/12/2009

12:00:01 AM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s12:10:01 AM 81.28 8.57 72.71 69.35 1046.9512:20:01 AM 56.00 0.01 55.99 0.08 800.5312:30:01 AM 59.91 0.00 59.91 0.00 864.5912:40:01 AM 62.79 0.03 62.75 1.89 935.6212:50:01 AM 56.97 0.15 56.82 22.08 897.3201:00:01 AM 66.92 0.00 66.92 0.00 1062.02(... a saida continua ...)

! 4+∋ !sar

, % !

1+Χ5677∆9Χ

39

# 1+Χ5

677∆9

2sar%

!

∋

Χ ∀=∆

)!≅∀6∀

[capacity@Crato ~]$ sar -u 2 5Linux 2.6.9-42.0.8.EL (Crato) 03/12/2009

06:02:39 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %idle06:02:41 PM all 29.97 0.00 18.76 36.20 15.0706:02:43 PM all 27.33 0.00 15.31 40.86 16.5006:02:45 PM all 46.37 0.00 25.03 24.44 4.1606:02:47 PM all 63.04 0.00 36.96 0.00 0.0006:02:49 PM all 81.97 0.00 18.03 0.00 0.00Average: all 49.78 0.00 22.81 20.27 7.14

! 5+∋ sar

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∃∀

7%∀mpstat

2 mpstat % ∋

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40

∀=8 !

# #

[capacity@Crato ~]$ mpstat -P ALLLinux 2.6.9-42.0.8.EL (Crato) 03/12/2009

06:01:53 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %irq %soft %idle intr/s06:01:53 PM all 59.04 0.00 12.96 4.96 0.06 0.94 22.05 1612.3606:01:53 PM 0 58.27 0.00 13.43 2.82 0.10 0.80 24.59 290.9506:01:53 PM 1 59.00 0.00 13.68 7.35 0.07 1.40 18.50 547.4206:01:53 PM 2 59.45 0.00 13.66 7.58 0.00 1.12 18.18 333.5206:01:53 PM 3 59.42 0.00 11.08 2.07 0.07 0.43 26.93 440.47

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$ systcl -w vm.max map count=65535

! 8+4 ∀Πsystcl

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∀ /etc/sysctl.conf%

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∃cat /proc/sys/vm/kswapd

#1&25−Χ,677Θ92

∀67

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$ echo 511 31 7 > /proc/sys/vm/kswapd

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[capacity@santaluz ~]$ ifconfigeth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:21:FB:AF:4E inet addr:10.128.242.213 Bcast:10.128.242.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::213:21ff:fefb:af4e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:293383834 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:574022771 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:20758049675 (19.3 GiB) TX bytes:866195950305 (806.7 GiB) Interrupt:217

lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:27355578 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:27355578 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6209073800 (5.7 GiB) TX bytes:6209073800 (5.7 GiB)

! +:

51

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52

−

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# ∗ ∆ sar ∃ # ∗

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) /var/log/sa)

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sar_historico.txt∀∀∃ %

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!

top - 17:40:12 up 187 days, 15:34, 6 users, load average: 7.82, 11.95, 12.28Tasks: 278 total, 10 running, 262 sleeping, 0 stopped, 6 zombieCpu(s): 75.7% us, 8.8% sy, 0.0% ni, 0.7% id, 13.8% wa, 0.0% hi, 1.0% siMem: 15585296k total, 15575984k used, 9312k free, 100032k buffersSwap: 20971488k total, 453872k used, 20517616k free, 14220000k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND31513 oracle 25 0 1947m 1.8g 1.7g R 99 11.8 0:52.82 oracle29223 oracle 25 0 1935m 1.7g 1.7g R 85 11.8 1:17.66 oracle32546 oracle 18 0 1935m 1.7g 1.7g R 59 11.7 0:03.96 oracle10091 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 20 11.7 0:06.78 oracle32412 oracle 18 0 1937m 1.7g 1.7g R 15 11.7 0:01.59 oracle11059 oracle 16 0 1936m 1.7g 1.7g D 14 11.7 443:46.81 oracle15447 root 15 0 8928 892 440 S 12 0.0 0:22.59 bpbkar11011 oracle 15 0 1954m 1.7g 1.7g S 6 11.7 76:09.97 oracle11007 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 6 11.6 59:42.30 oracle11003 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 5 11.6 56:16.54 oracle11005 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 3 11.6 52:14.53 oracle11009 oracle 15 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g S 3 11.6 52:02.76 oracle 4197 root 34 19 0 0 0 R 3 0.0 3325:30 kipmi011019 oracle 16 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g R 2 11.7 442:41.53 oracle11021 oracle 16 0 1934m 1.7g 1.7g R 2 11.7 441:44.35 oracle11023 oracle 16 0 1933m 1.7g 1.7g S 2 11.7 442:39.17 oracle

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65

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67