Human Anatomy And Physiology

Orientation to Class and the Human BodyLisa S. TaylorHuman Anatomy And Physiology IWhat is Anatomy and Physiology?Anatomy: study of Structure, includes not only body parts but their relationships to one anotherPhysiology: Study of Function, or how the body parts work

Why study Anatomy and Physiology?Your bodywe all change, get sick or injured, grow and shrinkYour careermedical orientation, psychological orientation, work with sports and athletes, work with childrenYour familythis course gives you information to deal with aging parents and siblings, childrenLifestyle, medical, insurance decisionsGeneral Class Rules and ExpectationsPractice the Golden Rule: I wont waste your time, so dont waste mine. This means come to class prepared and on time. I will do the same.No major eating in class. I would prefer just a water bottle in class. Never any eating or drinking in lab.Treat everyone in our class with respect and dignity. We are a system and we will all get more out of class when everyone is a supported part.Assignments should be turned in when due. The most any late assignment can receive is a 70. No late assignments will be accepted after the unit test. You are responsible for any missed work or test due to absence. You can not take additional class time to make up a test or assignment. You must find another time to come in for make up work. Use your syllabus and class website for class expectations and schedules. Safety in Class and LabSafety Objectives:Students will use standard safety practices for all classroom laboratory and field investigations.Follow correct procedures for use of scientific apparatus.Demonstrate appropriate technique in all laboratory situations.Follow correct protocol for identifying and reporting safety problems and violations.

In order to assure safety in lab and class, you will be required to complete the following assignments. Review lab safety videosTake lab safety quiz until you demonstrate 100% mastery.Sign lab safety contractBasic Vocabulary Anatomy/ Physiology Macroscopic anatomyGross anatomyRegional anatomySystemic anatomySurface anatomyMicroscopic anatomyCytologyHistologyDevelopmental anatomyEmbryologyPathological anatomyRadiographic anatomySystemic physiologyCheck your understanding:Why would you have a hard time learning about and understanding physiology if you did not also study anatomy?ID Anatomy or PhysiologyInvestigating how muscles shorten?Exploring the location of the lungs in the body?Identifying organs in the thoracic cavity?Describing how your body maintains a constant temperature?Listing all parts of integumentary system?List in order of smallest to largest:AtomsTissuesCellsOrgansProtonsBody SystemsOrganismsTissuesOrganellesElectronsMolecules

Functions Necessary to Maintain LifeMaintaining boundariesOrganismal separation from environmentCellular boundariesMovementExternally and internallyResponsiveness or irritabilityAbility to sense changes in environment and respond to themDigestionBreak down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed and used in cellsMetabolismAll chemical reactions within body cellsCatabolism, anabolism, cellular respirationExcretionRemoving wastes from bodyReproductionCellular levelOrganismal levelGrowthIncrease in either number of cells or size of cellsSurvival Needs for all body systems to maintain lifeNutrientsWhere do we get these?What are the categories?What systems involved in providing nutrients to body?OxygenWhere do we get this?Why is this necessary?What systems provide oxygen to body?WaterWhy is this so important?Appropriate TemperatureNormal body temp?What happens if too low?What happens if too high?Appropriate Atmospheric PressureDefineWhat does atmospheric pressure affect?For each body system, describe the anatomy, physiology and what survival need it provides Integumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemNervous SystemEndocrine SystemCardiovascular SystemLymphatic SystemImmune SystemRespiratory SystemDigestive SystemUrinary SystemReproductive SystemHomeostasisHomeo = the sameStasis = standing stillHomeostasis really isnt unchangingits always changing, its just keeping whatever is changing within relatively narrow limitshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2YWonZsh_M&feature=related Homeostasis can be divided into negative and positive feedback. Most survival needs are negative feedback.

http://www.edcanvas.com/lessons/p-lgMFSpSCiSYA/edit 14Other examples of Negative Feedback Mechanisms?

Why would body need a positive feedback mechanism? Give another example of positive feedback.

Homeostatic ImbalanceMost disease can be regarded as a homeostatic imbalanceAging makes our body systems less efficientInjury or illness may impair body systems ability to maintain homeostatic balanceSometimes feedback loops are just overwhelmedthe systems involved cannot keep up with the balancing requirementsThroughout this course, we will address issues of homeostatic imbalance in each body system we study. I encourage you to please bring up additional instances of homeostatic imbalance in each unit.

Language of AnatomyYou are responsible for the following:Anatomical Position17 Directional TermsRegional Body Terms as outlined in classBody Planes and sectionsBody CavitiesQuadrants of Abdominopelvic cavityNine regions of Abdominopelvic Cavity

Use your text, note taking sheet and our class activities to complete your notes on this section.Anatomical Position

Directional Terms

Superior (cranial)Inferior (caudal)Ventral (anterior)Dorsal (posterior)MedialLateralIntermediateProximalDistalSuperficial (external)Deep (internal)

Test yourselfThe patellar region is __ to the femoral regionThe pleura regions are __ to the integumentary layerThe clavicle is __ and ___to the sternum The cardiac region (heart) is __ to the sternumThe sternum is __ to the cervical vertebraeThe navel is __ to the heartThe skin (integumentary) is ___ to the skeletal musclesThe olecranal region is __ to the carpal regionThe pelvic cavity is __ to the thoracic cavityThe otic region (ear) is __ to the acromial regionThe plantar region is __ to the entire bodyBody Planes and Sections

What section would result in right and left lateral sides?

What section would result in anterior and posterior sides?

What section would result in superior and inferior sides?Body Cavities

ID major organs in each quadrant

VENTRAL CAVITY MEMBRANES:

Serous Membrane: this double layered membrane with a slippery fluid between each layer, also called the serosa

Parietal serosa: the layer of serosa that lines the cavity walls

Visceral serosa: the layer of serosa that covers the organs in the cavity

Serous fluid: thin layer of lubricating fluid secreted by both membranes

Pericardium: serous membrane around the heartPleura: around the lungPeritoneal: abdominal cavityOnline chapter review quizUse the following link to access online quiz for each chapter/ topic.Many students find these quizzes are helpful to prepare for tests. After you take the quiz the correct answers are provided.http://teacherpages.hallco.org/webpages/ltaylor1/myquiz.cfmChoose correct class from drop down menuClick on the quiz name (not view)UNG: Access is your first and last name as in D2L and your password is your first and last initial.