Upload
others
View
10
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Human Factors and Fatigue: Progress and Products
Dr. William B. Johnson Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor for Human Factors in A/C Maintenance [email protected]
Federal AviationAdministration
Federal AviationAdministration 1 of 391
AVS Organization
Over 7,200 Employees dedicated to Aviation Safety
Associate Administrator, AVS-1Peggy Gilligan
Deputy Associate Administrator, AVS-2
John Hickey
Office of Accident
Investigation and Prevention
AVP
Air Traffic Safety
OversightAOV
Office of Aerospace Medicine
AAM
Office of Rulemaking
ARM
Flight Standards
ServiceAFS
Office of Quality
Integration & Executive Services
AQS
Aircraft Certification
ServiceAIR
Federal AviationAdministration 2 of 392
Chief Scientist Specialties (21)
Aeronautical CommunicationsAdvanced Avionics & Electrical Advanced Composite Materials Advanced Control Systems Aircraft Computer SoftwareAircraft Safety AnalysisCrash DynamicsElectromagnetic InterferenceEngine Dynamics & SafetyFatigue and Damage ToleranceFlight Deck Human Factors
Flight Environmental IcingFlight Loads / Aero ElasticityFlight ManagementFlight Simulation SystemsNondestructive EvaluationMaintenance Human FactorsMetallurgyPropulsion Control SystemsVulnerability Discovery
& Safety Measure ProgramsWake Turbulence
Federal AviationAdministration 3 of 393
Presentation Plan
• How to See and Recall HF Basics
• Alertness / Fatigue (with interventions)
• Questions and Discussion
Federal AviationAdministration 5 of 395
• People who perform the job
• Environment for work - Organizational and physical
• Actions (tasks) performed as part of the job
• Resources like equipment, tools, procedures, and more
Federal AviationAdministration 6 of 396
Physiological • Health
• Nutrition
• Lifestyle
• Alertness/fatigue
• Chemical dependency
Physical • Size
• Gender
• Age
• Strength
• The five senses
Psychological • Experience
• Knowledge
• Training
• Attitude
• Emotional state
Psychosocial • Interpersonal relations
• Ability to communicate
• Empathy
• Leadership
• Professionalism
Example People Topics
Federal AviationAdministration 7 of 397
30 Participants
FAA
AFS AIR CAMINon-FAA
MRO (1) OEM (2) NTSB (1) Transport Canada (1)
Workshop to ident HF problems*
*Conclusions not necessarily endorsed by organizations
Federal AviationAdministration 8 of 398
The “Top 8” Mx HF Challenges*
Pre-Workshop Ranking
Fatigue/Alertness
Technical Knowledge/Skill
Return-on-Investment
Complacency/ Tech Pubs
Workplace Pressure
Shiftwork
Safety Culture
General Work Environs
*Based on Rank Order
Post-Workshop Ranking
1 Use of Technical Pubs
2 Fatigue/Alertness
3 Safety Culture
4 Event Reporting Data (MEDA, LOSA, ASAP)
5 Return-on-Investment
6 Establish HF as Priority
7 Professionalism (Gen gaps, etc.)
8 Required Inspection Items
Federal AviationAdministration 9 of 399
Comparing Mx HF Challenges in US and European Union
EASA Group
Measure effectiveness of HF
Expand HF to all Mx Organiz.
Fatigue Risk Management
Address Organiz. Factors Improving Reg. Oversight
*Based on Rank Order
North American
1 Use of Technical Pubs
2 Fatigue/Alertness
3 Safety Culture
4 Event Reporting Data (MEDA, LOSA, ASAP)
5 Return-on-Investment
6 Establish HF as Priority
7 Professionalism (Gen gaps, etc.)
8 Required Inspection Items
Federal AviationAdministration 10 of 3910
Suggestions from Fatigue Workshop
3. Hours of Service Limits (Duty time limit changes)
2. Fatigue Education (For maintainers, in schools, and for families)
4. Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) (Fitness-for-duty policy and responsibility)
1. Public Relations (Mantra, HAI & ATA, Case for change, Promotional campaign)
*Based on Rank Order
Federal AviationAdministration 11 of 3911
Workshop Suggestions (cont.)
6. Accountability in SMS for ignoring HF (Integrate FRMS with SMS)
7. Get sleep history from LOSA data (Collect ASAP data for risk analysis)
*Based on Rank Order
5. Fatigue Assessment Tools
Federal AviationAdministration 12 of 3912
Presentation Plan
• How to See and Recall HF Basics
• Alertness / Fatigue (with interventions)
• Questions and Discussion
Federal AviationAdministration 13 of 3913
Fatigue as a Contributing Factor?
Date Flight Location Ftl. Contributing Factors?06/99 AAL 1420 Littlerock
AR13 Pilot awake for 31 hrs, First
Officer on a 3-day, 6-leg sequence
01/03 Air Midwest5481
Charlotte, NC
21 Flight Control Misrigging
10/04 Corporate Airlines 5966
Kirksville, MO
13 CRM, Extended hour, minimum rest, tough schedule, 6th flight segment
08/06 Comair 191
Lexington, KY
49 Wrong runway for take-off, early AM
Federal AviationAdministration 14 of 3914
A Timely Statement?
“Since no serious person would dismiss potentially detrimental consequences of fatigue to aviation, continuing studies of fatigue are being conducted. Time changes, equipment changes, and responsible monitoring of altered conditions in relation to fatiguing factors is a ‘communal’ requirement of those engaged in aviation” (Mohler, 1965).
Federal AviationAdministration 15 of 3915
Plain Language Version
“ Fatigue is a serious challenge in aviation for many reasons.
We have to do something about it!”
(Bill Johnson, Now!)
Federal AviationAdministration 16 of 3916
FAA Fatigue Studies by Scientific Specialty:
Effect of Maintenance Working Environments on fatigueOcular Correlates of FatigueShift Rotation AssessmentPredicting Fatigue with Voice AnalysisAnalysis on incident reports and surveysTraining, scheduling, measuring, and other interventions
Auditory fatigueFatigue and StressCariorespiratory Assessment of Decongestants-Antihistamine on Altitude, +Gz and Fatigue ToleranceEffects of prior physical exertion on tolerance to Hypoxia, Orthostatic Stress, & Physical FatigueBlink rate as a Measure of FatigueEffects of Alcohol on FatigueShiftwork, Age, and Performance in ATC
60s - 80s
90s
2000s
Federal AviationAdministration 17 of 3917
We know
• What fatigue is• What causes it• How to measure it• How it affects performance, generally and specifically
• What are the countermeasures• That proper schedules for quality sleep are critical• That personal responsibility is important
Federal AviationAdministration 18 of 3918
Who must take action?
Regulator
Science
Labor
Company
Fatigue Management
Federal AviationAdministration 19 of 3919
The Next Steps• Generate a “Collective Will” to address fatigue challenges
• Improve investigative techniques related to fatigue/fitness for duty
• Create and implement the interventions
• Validate real-time fatigue assessment technologies & countermeasures
• Regulate/Guide FRMS
• Measure the impact of FRMS
• Reinforce the business/safety case for proper rest
Federal AviationAdministration 20 of 3920
Presentation Plan
• How to See and Recall HF Basics
• Alertness / Fatigue (with interventions)
• Questions and Discussion
Federal AviationAdministration 22 of 3922
From www.mxfatigue.com
2+ hrs. of web-based training on fatigue
Award-wining 20 minute fatigue video
Web-based fatigue assessment software
Return on Investment software
Order DVDs and more…
Federal AviationAdministration 23 of 3923
Utilize Available Resources
• Fatigue Countermasure Training
Alarm_Clock_Problem.wmv
Federal AviationAdministration 26 of 3926
From www.mxfatigue.com
2+ hrs. of web-based training on fatigue
Award-wining 20 minute fatigue video
Web-based fatigue assessment software
Return on Investment software
Order DVDs and more…
Federal AviationAdministration 37 of 3937
From www.mxfatigue.com
2+ hrs. of web-based training on fatigue
Award-wining 20 minute fatigue video
Web-based fatigue assessment software
Return on Investment software
Order DVDs and more…
Federal AviationAdministration 38 of 3938
Presentation Plan
• How to See and Recall HF Basics
• Alertness / Fatigue (with interventions)
• Questions and Discussion
Thank you,
Bill Johnson