HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

EDUCATIONEducation - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill.

FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION Helps in the attaining of achieved status and

acts as a means of social mobility. Facilitates in the transmission of knowledge

and culture. As a social institution, education transmits the dominant culture.

Helps, through secondary socialization, in the maintaining of social control, and acts as an agent of change.

Has a system of reward and punishment which is consistent with hard work and good behavior.

Keeps children and youths occupied and out of the labor force.

Serves the latent function of promoting social and political integration.

LEVELS OF EDUCATION

KindergartenAt the age of three, a child is enrolled in a kindergarten. Here the child is socialized and the school serves as an introduction to the education system. The child starts to build independence and is getting ready for skills such as numeracy and literacy.

Primary educationPrimary or elementary education consists of the first few years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six years of schooling starting at the age of six. Schools that provide primary education are mostly referred to as primary schools.

LEVELS OF EDUCATION

Secondary educationIn most contemporary educational systems of the world secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to the optional, selective tertiary, post-secondary or higher education. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, and is generally around the seventh to the 13th year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession.

LEVELS OF EDUCATION

Tertiary education Tertiary, third level, or post-secondary education, is

the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education such as a high or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and post-graduate education, as well as vocational education and training.

Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas or academic degrees. Higher education is, therefore, very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy

PROBLEMS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

Lack of adequate and proper furniture Overcrowding in schools Inadequate provision for the mentally and

physically challenged Overworked and underpaid teachers High drop-out rates in some areas Shortage of teachers especially for particular

subjects such as the sciences Increasing crime and violence in school Poor teacher-parent relationship. There is

very little involvement of parents and communities in the welfare of their children.

HELPING HANDS IN EDUCATION

Government pays the staff of the various public schools.

There is free education at the primary and secondary level.

School feeding programmes. Book rental schemes in secondary schools. PATH programme helping those who are most

in need. Supervision of schools by education officers. Scholarships offered by the Government and

other private interests.

ACTIVITIES

You are a member of an interest group in your community and you are expected to meet with the Minister of Education to discuss the problems of education in your society.

Prepare your address by outlining THREE basic functions of education in your country. Examine THREE shortcomings of your country's present system of education and suggest THREE ways in which the business community can help to improve the system.

HUMAN RESOURCES - HEALTH AND EDUCATION

Nutrition & HealthAvailability of primary, secondary, and curative health care

Importance of eating healthy and maintaining a healthy lifestyle

EducationTypes of education – basic, vocational, professional training, rehabilitation & retraining (Academic & Technical)

Availability and access to various types of educational institutions

Changes in educationAvailability of scholarships

READING ASSIGNMENT:

SOCIAL STUDIES ESSENTIALS PP 92–105

MODULES IN SOCIAL STUDIES PP 165–177

GLOSSARY population birth rate death rate natural increase life expectancy infant mortality rate

fertility rate migration immigration emigration, net migration brain drain urbanization

depopulation population density population distribution dependency ratio employment unemployment underemployment

unemployable labor force sustainable

development population census resource human resource

DEVELOPMENT AND THE USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES

The Human Resource – the people, their numbers, skills and abilities – is by far the most valuable resource that any country can have. The quality of the human resource ultimately determines the ability of any nation to create the wealth necessary for economic growth. It is the people who must use their skills and abilities to harness and use available physical resources.

THE ROLE OF HEALTH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE

INTRODUCTION You already know that education plays a critical

role in the development of the human resource. In this section, we will learn about the role that health plays in the development and maintenance of this valuable resource. Economic progress in any country is dependent on a population which is physically and mentally healthy. People are most productive when they are well. Developing economies in the Caribbean depend on a healthy population and workforce who must produce the goods and services necessary for sustainability. It is for this reason that governments across the region allocate a considerable amount of their budgets to the provision of healthcare for its citizen.

PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE

PrimarySecondaryTertiary

Health care is provided free of cost or at a minimal charge to patients by public institutions. Private healthcare is more expensive.

PRIMARY/PREVENTATIVE HEALTHCARE 

This type of healthcare is provided at the national level and is concerned with the prevention of diseases and other forms of illness and with the promotion of wellness. It provides services for: 

The education of people about the diseases and other conditions which cause illness

The promotion of breast feeding The promotion of good nutritional practices, exercises and

healthy lifestyle The provision of immunization The promotion of good hygiene Environmental sanitation Education about garbage storage, collection and disposal The provision of safe drinking water The provision of dental and vision health care The provision of care for the elderly The provision of facilities for recreation Pre and post natal care

CHILDHOOD DISEASES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATION

Diseases against which you should have been immunized by the time you were six years old.

Pertusis (Whooping cough) Diphtheria (infection of the throat) Tetanus (disease of the muscles) Measles (contagious viral disease) Mumps (contagious disease) Rubella (German Measles) Polio (disease affecting brain and spinal cord) Tuberculosis (an infectious disease)

REASONS WHY CHILDREN MUST BE IMMUNIZED BEFORE THEY ENTER PRIMARY SCHOOL

Ensure that parents, some of whom are against immunization for their children, access the service.

Reduce the possibility of children in crowded situations at school contracting or passing a communicable disease which could lead to epidemics which are costly to contain and cure. Some children and adults in the school could die as a result of exposure to communicable diseases such as tuberculosis.