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Subject is the reason why a particular artwork exists.

REPRESENTATIONAL OR OBJECTIVE ART

Are those that have subject.

Example: painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature and the theater arts

NON-REPRESENTATIONAL OR NON-OBJECTIVE ART

Are those that do not have subject.

Example: music, architecture and functional arts

KINDS OF SUBJECT

 

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WAYS OF REPRESENTING SUBJECT

The artist determines the manner of representing the subject, based on his

purpose and the message he would like to put across

REALISM

Employed when things are depicted in the way that they would appear normally.

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Appearance of the art work is in cube like shapes or geometric figures that is designed

with patterns and coloration.

Symbolism

Subject matters depicts symbol s that may be hidden in the various icons representing

the artwork.

CONTENT OF ART

It refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole in his work.

Sometimes it is spoken of as the “meaning” of the work.

In literature, it is called the theme.

It is the statement we apprehend or the feeling or mood we experience with the

work of art.

Content reveals the artist’s attitude toward his subject.

LEVELS OF MEANING IN ART

FACTUAL MEANING:

It is the literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be directly

apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized.

This meaning is often supplemented by other levels of meaning.

 

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CONVENTIONAL MEANING:

It refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular 

culture or group of people.

 SUBJECTIVE MEANING

It is any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the artist

using a private symbolism which stems from his own association of certain

objects, actions, or colors with past experiences.

This can be fully understood only when the artist himself explains what he really

means.

It tends to be interpreted differently by each viewer or reader who may see it in

the light of his own associations.

FUNCTIONS OF ART

FUNCTIONAL:

It serves some practical usefulness.

Example: architecture, weaving, furniture-making and few other crafts

NON- FUNCTIONAL

It seems to serve no other end than to amuse or provide a pleasant escape from

life’s daily problems.

Example: painting, sculpture, literature, music, and the theater arts

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ART

Our individual needs for personal expression. Our social needs for display,

celebration and communication

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Our physical needs for utilitarian objects and structure.

Personal functions of art

Works of art make us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling, and imagining that

have never occurred to us before.

They offer us fresh insights into nature and human nature so that we gain a

better understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

They help us improve our lives.

 Social functions of art

It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.

It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations. It expresses or 

describes social or collective aspects of existence as opposed to individual and

personal kinds of experiences.

 

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Physical functions of art

The function of an object generally determine the basic form that it takes. (FORM

AND FUNCTION)

The design of a building is determined primarily by its operational function.

(ARCHITECTURE)

It involves the efficient organization of buildings, roads, and spaces so that they

meet the physical and aesthetic needs of the community (COMMUNITY

PLANNING / ZONING).

FUNCTIONS AND BEAUTY

Functional works of art must not only perform their function efficiently but must

also be aesthetically pleasing. It is the presence of this quality of delighting the beholder because of a

harmonious arrangement of the formal elements that distinguishes a work of art

from an ordinary functional object.

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ELEMENTS & ORGANIZATION OF ART

These are useful elements used in arts in order to identify the meaning and

significance of each subject present.

Elements of Arts

The elements of art are a commonly used group of aspects of a work of art used

in teaching and analysis, in combination with the principles of art .  Lists of the elements

of art vary somewhat but typically include the following: color , value, form, line, space,

shape, and texture. Direction and size are added by some sources.

THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

LINE:

It is man’s own invention. It does not exist in nature.

The artist uses lines to imitate or represent objects and figures on a flat surface.

Simplest , most , most primitive , most universal means of creating visual art.

Lines always have direction .

They are always active.

The prolongation of points is said to create a LINE.

QUALITIES OF LINES:

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They maybe short or long, fine or thick, heavy or light, wavy or jagged, straight or 

curved.

They usually delineate shapes.

Used across or within a shape, they give the effect of solidity or create an illusion

of volume, or rough or smooth texture.

A series of heavy lines drawn close to each other creates an impression of 

roughness.

A few light strokes can give a sensation of softness and delicacy.

Application of Lines in Visual Arts

 

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Line movement and direction

 

SHAPE

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COLOR

Color or colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the

categories called red , green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of 

light (distribution of light energy versus wavelength) interacting in the eye with the

spectral sensitivities of the light receptors.

Color is a series of wave lengths which strike our retina.

It is derived from light, whether natural or artificial.

Pigmentation (or color quality) enables objects to absorb some of the colors and

reflect only one.

NEUTRAL COLORS

Some objects do not have colors.

These colors are not present in the color spectrum.

They do not have any color quality instead they differ in the quantity of light that

they reflect.

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They are called neutrals since they do not reflect any one distinct color.

BLACK reflects no light at all; WHITE reflects all colors and GRAY results from

partial reflection of light.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of 

color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in

art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what

we commonly refer to simply as light ).

Physical Properties of Color 

1. Hue

The quality which gives color its name.

It refers to a pure color—one without tint or shade (added white or black pigment,

respectively). 

A hue is an element of the color wheel.

Hues are first processed in the brain in areas in the extended V4 called globs.

2. Intensity

It describes the purity of a color. It is the strength of the color’s hue.

The quality of light in a color.

Primary Colors (RED, BLUE, YELLOW)

Secondary Colors (GREEN, VOILET, ORANGE)

Intermediate Colors

COLOR WHEEL

3. Value

It refers to the amount of black or white mixed with the color thereby changing

the quantity of light it reflects.

The lightness or darkness of a color.

Tint & Shade

Tint is the mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, and a shade is

the mixture of a color with black, which reduces lightness. Mixing a color with any

neutral color , including black and white, reduces the chroma, or colorfulness, while the

hue remains unchanged.

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Lightness

(sometimes called value or tone)

a property of a color , or a dimension of a color space, that is defined in a way to

reflect the subjective brightness perception of a color for humans along a

lightness–darkness axis. A color's lightness also corresponds to its amplitude. 

Types of Shading

In subtractive color (i.e. paints) value changes can be achieved by adding black

or white to the color. However, this also reduces saturation. Chiaroscuro and Tenebrism 

both take advantage of dramatic contrasts of value to heighten drama in art. Artists may

also employ shading, subtle manipulation of value.

COLOR SYMBOLISM

RED :

Excitement, energy, passion, love, desire, speed, strength, power, heat, aggression,

danger, fire, blood, war, violence, all things intense and passionate.

PINK:

Pink symbolizes love, romance, and excitement

BEIGE :

Beige and ivory symbolize unification. Ivory symbolizes quiet and pleasantness. Beige

symbolizes calm and simplicity

 YELLOW :

Joy, happiness, betrayal, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer,

gold, philosophy, dishonesty, cowardice, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard.

BLUE:

Peace, tranquility, cold, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence,

conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, loyalty, sky, water, technology, depression,

appetite suppressant

TURQUOISE :

Turquoise symbolizes calm. Teal symbolizes sophistication. Aquamarine symbolizes

water. Lighter turquoise has a feminine appeal.

VIOLET :

Royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom,

enlightenment, cruelty, arrogance, mourning

LAVANDER :

Lavender symbolizes femininity, grace and elegance.

ORANGE :

Energy, balance, enthusiasm, warmth, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant, demanding of 

attention

GREEN ;

Nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, spring, generosity, fertility,

 jealousy, inexperience, envy, misfortune, vigor.

BROWN:

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Earth, stability, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, simplicity, and

comfort

GREY :

Security, reliability, intelligence, staid, modesty, dignity, maturity, solid, conservative,

practical, old age, sadness, boring. Silver symbolizes calm

WHITE :

Reverence, purity, birth, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence,

youth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage (Western cultures), death (Eastern

cultures), cold, clinical.

BLACK :

Power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, evil,

unhappiness, depth, style, evil, sadness, remorse, anger, anonymity, underground,

good technical color, mourning, death (Western cultures).

TEXTURE

Has to do chiefly with the sense of touch or tactile of an object.

We learn texture through touching the specific object in order to identify the

tactile of it.

 

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SPACE

TWO DIMENSIONAL Is hanged and has a flat surface.

Is seen only in two dimensions right and left with the eye and has no perspective

base.

EXAMPLE:

1. Painting

2. Musical composition

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3. Printmaking

4. Photography

5. Illuminated Manuscripts

6. Tapestry

THREE DIMENSIONAL

Is seen in all angles.

Is intended to be hanged or suspended.

One can see the rear front and sides of the art work.

EXAMPLE

1. Sculpture

2. Architecture

3. Dance

4. Landscape

SHAPE

➢ NATURAL SHAPES

➢ BIOMORPHIC SHAPES

➢ GEOMETRIC SHAPES