HYBRID BIN

ABSTRACT:

In India, most of the people are living in urban cities. So the waste generation is also

enormous in these places. Majority of the wastes in these areas are generated from apartments.

Moreover these wastes are becoming very complex to handle and harder to segregate because

they are mixed together i.e. Plastics, bio waste, organic wastes etc. So the key idea is to separate

those wastes into two categories in source level. The Hybrid bin is a new type of dustbin with

and automatic waste segregation mechanism that carries both recyclable and non-recyclable

wastes but it looks like a normal sized dust bin in our homes. It has a separating mechanisms

(Rotatable Plate) in order to separate degradable and non-degradable wastes at the time when we

throw waste into it. The bin works with the help of sensor's output and a controller. We doesn't

have a direct way or sensor in order to detect plastics wastes, but we can use different technique

in order to find whether it is a plastic or not. It can be found using spectroscopic method, but that

method spectroscopy, grinding etc. but these methods can be used only in industries and not in

small commercial home dust bins. So by using the electronic property to find the metal and by

using the dielectric constant of the material we can assume that it is a plastic or not, because

different materials have different dielectric constants. So it is very easy to distinguish. If we

separate them means we can easily dispose or recycle them with little effort and time. Hence we

can make India more livable and clean with the help of this Hybrid Bin.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:

The Hybrid Bin is composed of only four major components. They are,

1. Sensor for detection,

2. DC motor and motor driver,

3. The body,

4. The controller for entire operations.

SENSORS USED:

Here three types of sensors are used,

Inductive Proximity Sensor (IPS)

Capacitive Proximity Sensor (CPS)

Moisture Detector (MD)

1. INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR:

The inductive proximity sensor is used here to detect the presence of metallic wastes in the

Hybrid Bin. The working of the IPS is simple that it contains a coil and an oscillator which will

create a short range electronic field. If any metallic object is brought near to the sensor, then

there will be a disturbance in the electromagnetic field that will be identified by the threshold

circuit inside the sensor and it gives a digital reading depending on the metal object.

2. CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR:

Here it is used to detect whether the thrown waste is a plastic or not. The CPS consists of two

conducting plates inside the housing which acts as a capacitor. When a nonmetallic object is

brought nearer to the sensor it will start to oscillate due to the little capacitance between the two

plates. These plates are connected to an oscillator, a Schmitt trigger and an output amplifier

which will produce an equivalent digital reading depending on which the object creating how

much of oscillations. These output will denotes the dielectric value of that particular object.

3. MOISTURE DETECTOR:

There will be two nodes which will detect the presence of wet objects by using the resistance

between the two nodes. It will give the binary output. If the object is detected means it gives true

or 1 otherwise it gives zero always.

DC MOTOR AND DRIVER:

A 5 volt simple DC motor is used to operate the Bin. We cannot directly operate the

motor with the controller output because the output power is not enough to run the motor. So that

L293D motor bridge is used to operate the motor at a constant speed when the sensor gives an

output. The driver can operate at a voltage about 20 volts. It can drive up to two motors, but here

we are using just one motor from one port output.

BODY OF THE BIN:

All the working mechanism are cased into the closed body structure. Here just a plastic

drum of minimum size with some little modifications can be used for casing. Because of the cost

restrictions we cannot use 3D printed material cases, wood or stainless steels etc. here. The

housing itself weighs about 800 to 900gms. It is more durable and long lasting with only

minimum cost.

MICRO CONTROLLER:

Here Arduino is used as a controller for the working of the bin because of the wide

availability and low cost and open source. We planned to use the TI MSP 430 instead of Arduino

because of their high performance but they are double in cost in comparison to Arduino. The

sensors and the motor driver is connected to the controller for the sensing and controlling of the

bin. The controller is powered with the help of 12 volt adapter which can also power the sensors,

motor and the driver. The controller can be placed on the outside of the bin so that it will not be

damaged in case of any wet waste is present in the bin.

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:

As the bin is designed for rural people with very low cost, here only simple mechanisms are

used to done the entire segregation process efficiently with low power and effort. These are the

following process on the entire working of the bin.

The Capacitive Proximity Sensor (CPS) will able to generate a range of outputs based on

the type of waste detected inside the bin. For plastics the dielectric value lies between 2

to 5. If the sensor gives the exact output we can consider that the waste is plastic and it

should be placed in the non-degradable side of the bin, so as soon as the sensor detected

output, the micro controller will sends an active signal to the motor driver. The driver

will rotate the motor in clockwise direction and so the rotatable plate which carries the

waste will also rotates along with the motor. Because the plate is connected to the pulley

which is directly connected to the motor. Hence successfully the plastic wastes can be

placed on the non-degradable side of the bin.

If the CPS gives the output that is not in the range of 2 to 5 or more than 5 then it will not

a plastic. So not we must find whether it is a metal of food wastes. The metals can be

detected with the outputs of the Inductive Proximity Sensor (IPS). Normally the sensor

will give zero output in the absence of any metals, but if the metallic waste is thrown

inside the Hybrid bin then it will generate digital output in the range of 400 to 1200.

Hence the controller can able to finalize that the waste is metal if the sensor output is

greater than 400. Then it will send an active signal to the motor driver that will rotate the

plate in clock wise direction so that the waste will be placed in the non-degradable side

where the plastics is also kept.

In case the waste is detected by the Moisture Sensor (MS) then we can conclude that the

waste is a food waste. In some times if the plastic also detected by the moisture sensor if it is

wet, so false detection occurs. So to eliminate this false occurrences we can combine the

moisture sensor output and the CPS output to detect whether it is a food waste or plastic

waste. There are four cases,

1. If the plastic with some wetness thrown into Bin then the MS output is 1 (TRUE) but

the CPS output is 2 to 5 i.e. (TRUE). Plate turns to non-degradable side.

2. If the food with moisture thrown in the Bin means MS output is 1 i.e. (TRUE) but the

CPS output is not in the range of 2 to 5 i.e. (FALSE). Plate turns to degradable side.

3. On the other hand if the food waste with no wetness means the CPS output will be

(FALSE) and the MS output is also (FALSE). Plate will turns to degradable side.

4. If the plastic with no moisture is thrown in the Bin means MS output will be (FALSE)

and CPS output will be (TRUE). Then the plate turns towards non degradable side.

So the controller will first look for the IPS output then CPS output and at last MS output.

So in priority wise metals will be detected first and the plastic and the non-plastic and

non-metals i.e. food wastes.

Based on the collected outputs the controller will rotate the segregation plate in the

respective side of the bin. After the segregation process the waste will be stored on the

bottom of the bin that can be disposed on the next day or anytime just by opening the

bottom end of the bin on both sides separately. The Bin is the leak proof so that the

watery wastes wont leaked outside of the bin.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM:

The complete working of the Hybrid Bin is shown in the following flow chart. Here there are

some terms that need to be abbreviated.

1. IPS – Inductive Proximity Sensor.

2. CPS – Capacitive Proximity Sensor.

The process starts with checking the output of IPS. If the value of the output is more than

400, then the separating plate will turn in clockwise direction. And after 3 seconds delay,

it will rotate to its initial horizontal position.

If the waste is not detected as metal then the controller will check for the output of the

CPS. If the output will be in the range of 2 to 4, then the separating plate will turn in

clockwise direction and again after 3 seconds delay it will turn in opposite side to its

initial horizontal position.

If both the CPS and IPS gives false value, then the controller will look for the

combination of both CPS and moisture sensor outputs. If the value is found to be true,

then the plate will start to turn in anti-clockwise direction. And after a 3 seconds delay it

will turn in opposite direction to return to its initial position.

So there are three conditions that will be executed in priority wise. At the last after the

detection of waste the loop will be terminated and will again looking for the new waste in

the Bin.

If the thrown waste is not detected in all these three sensors then it will be automatically

placed in the non-degradable side and the system will look for the new waste. Because if

the undetected waste is remains in the bin itself until the next waste successful waste

detection, it may cause false reading while detecting the next thrown waste into the bin.

We can extract that unpredicted waste from the non-degradable side and dispose them

later.

PRODUCT INNOVATIVENESS:

The main innovativeness of this Hybrid Bin is its simplicity. Because there tons of

techniques are there for the waste segregation process, like optical waste sorting, flotation

waste sorting technique etc.

But here the segregation is only depends on the sensor outputs, no other physical

detection for the segregation of waste is used.

So it make the Bin looks smaller in size and light weight. It make the Bin portable and

can be placed in a very small place.

It is capable to add more features incase if we want to make the Bin more sensible and

light weight, we can use any other different material for its body and different sensors for

more sensing capability.

By using these sensors which are available for very low cost in the market, the overall

manufacturing cost of the bin will be reduced to minimum range.

So that because of the low cost of this device, even rural middle and low class people can

also buy this Bin for their daily use.

It is very useful not only for buyers but also for easy disposal of the wastes. Because the

bin separates the waste into two categories, recyclable and non-recyclable so that we can

use the recyclable wastes for the recycle purpose and the non-recyclable waste for the

manufacture of fertilizers and other organic materials that is used for the agricultural

purpose.

The bin is not using any battery for its operation because of the cost restrictions, because

the main aim of this prototype is that it should easily available for all people.

The bin is panted in outside with two colors for the type waste identification in order to

reduce the confusion while disposing wastes.

The body of the bin is made of recycled plastic drum that is easily available. So that the

body is more durable in all places. It is also leak proof so if any water wastes are thrown,

that will not be leaked.

The bin is designed for the use of family members of five. Hence they need to dispose

the wastes daily, it can store the waste up to two days.

The bin does not have any user interface or commands to be given by the user for its

operation. It is completely autonomous without any user interaction.

MARKET COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL:

In initial stage, the bin will reach only people who have awareness in waste management.

So the growth of the bin in the market will be little bit slower. Even a new invention will

take some time to get the market potential completely.

But with the help of government supported promotion, the bin can achieve rapid growth

in the market.

Due to its low cost people will start to by this bin in the earlier stage itself.

We can also team up with some good and famous companies for our initial growth, then

we can make our own strategy and company for our product.

We can make some straight demo about the product and its uses directly to some villages.

So that we can grab our customers even from the place that media cannot enter.

The great thing is that, this Bin is very important to our environment so we can also buy

this via ration shops for every ration card with the help of government.

Our main objecive is to make this bin available to each and every family in India. Not to

get richer by selling this bin. So doing such above mentioned things will take some time

and money to complete. But definitely it will reach good place in future if we do this

today.

After making the Bin as a patented product we can apply for many environmental

initiative events to make the bin more notable for the customers. If we want to catch the

market we need to make sure that our product is always memorable for that customers in

all time.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

OUTLINE:

In order to understand that this Hybrid Bin is technically feasible or not we need to

consider and analyses the following things first. Moreover the Bin can deliver the B to C

service without any intermediate person. Now we can see the each and everything needed

to launch this bin on the market from tomorrow itself.

1. MATERIALS AVAILABILITY:

The main required materials for this bin are sensors and controllers and a body. For this

prototype we bought all the sensors and controllers from online market and the body from

local market.

But for the mass production we can get direct contact with the electronics industry and

hence we can buy the materials even cheaper. For now the overall electronics involved in

the bin costs about Rs.2000. but if we are buying these things directly from the industry

means we can get that amount drop up to Rs.1000 to Rs.1200. In future we can also move

directly to other cheap controller instead of Arduino.

2. MANUFACTURING COST:

The cost of manufacturing is simply depends on the cost of the materials required.

Because as of now the manufacturing process is simpler. And in future we can make and

design our own circuits required for the bin and other non-electronic parts of the bin. But

we need not to make any big factory for manufacturing, we can make this Bin even with

small work places with required materials.

For this we need to pay the rent as and need to buy required machines for manufacturing.

So we can look for crowd fund or we can apply for government funds for startups.

3. MANPOWER REQUIREMENT:

For the mass manufacturing of the bin we need good manpower to run the company. We

can split the man labor required into two categories namely Technical and Non-

Technical.

For technical work we can hire only four engineering graduates with some basic skill

sets. And for non-Technical works like selling and managing we need not to spend

money on these things. We can make it our own work until the company reach good

state. For publicity and marketing, we can use social networks as free medium of

advertisements spending very little amount instead of printed advertisements.

4. TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING:

In case if the customers from other state or district is trying to buy this Bin form our

online store, we can send them the bin in courier in by getting shipping charges from the

customers. We don’t need to pay any extra charges because it’s not an hazardous or

chemical component that needs permission from government for transportation.

5. MARKETING REQUIREMENTS:

We don’t need any marketing agency support for our publicity. By making use of the

social media which is the hidden heaven for all low cost marketing, we can spend very

little amount instead of getting bankrupt for the publicity of the company. As we seen

earlier we can make some campaign in rural areas for the awareness of this bin among

village peoples. Because they are the main customers for us. For urban peoples just social

media marketing with some mysterious statements in the ad will make them to get

interest in our product.

6. PHYSICAL LOCATION OF THE BUSINESS:

Customers can buy the bin from the online store, we are not going to make any selling

shops in any places. We need place only for the manufacturing not for selling. Because if

we use any shops for selling means that can take more money for rent and maintenance of

the shop.

7. TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS:

We need a website with online transaction facility to sell our product. Then the hardware

and software for the production of the bin are open source, so we need not to pay any

extra charges for programming and fabrication process.

We need a telephone network and an office with internet to handle the customer support

facility of the company.

8. FINANCIAL SUPPORT:

To start our own startup company we need at least Rs.2 lakhs for initial process. For that

we can get help from crowdfunding which is the leading helping platform for the

entrepreneurs for their innovative idea. Doing so we can raise the fund to the required

level and start manufacturing of Bin. That two lakhs amount is enough to make our own

startup initially to start the manufacturing. But for the later development we need more

fund for the company’s growth.

SUMMARY:

So all the above mentioned details shows that the Hybrid Bin is technically feasible for the

further development. We can help the nation to become cleaner by making all waste

managed and disposed in a proper way. The main part is that we need only little amount

compared to other high-tech startups for the production of the Bin.

COST AND ENERGY AVALUATION:

To evaluate the cost of the bin and its energy consumption, we need a Bill of Material

table to list out all the material cost and its energy consumption.

S.NO. MATERIAL NAME COST OF MATERIAL IN

RUPEES

1. Controller (Arduino) 350

2. DC motor 12V 80

3. Motor driver (L293D) 200

4. Inductive Proximity Sensor 400

5. Capacitive Proximity Sensor 650

6. Moisture Sensor 100

7. Pulley, clips, bolts etc. 100

8. Recycled drum for body case 120

TOTAL 2000 + GST

As we seen from the above Bill of Materials table the overall cost requirement of the bin

is nearly Rs.2000.

But the actual selling cost will includes Labor charges, delivery charges and GST with all

the selling price will approximately Rs.2700.

We have not applied for the patent still now for this Hybrid Bin. We will apply for the

patent on coming year after the full development of the Bin.

PROTOTYPE DESIGN:

Our product is still in development stage with major process is currently not finished. So that we

cannot include the interior designs and working demo video of the Hybrid bin

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