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IPS-CTM
Dept. of MechanicalPresentation By- AJAY SAVITA
ME-A(5th Sem.)Roll No. :: 0928ME121007
BASICS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
What is Hydro power ?
The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert
the potential energy of water, flowing in a stream
with a certain fall to the turbine , into Mechanical
and then in electric energy at the lower end of the
scheme, where the powerhouse is located.
Arrangement of Hydropower plant
Working Principle of Hydro power plant
The water available at the high head. ( i.e. potential energy)
That energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Which generates the Mechanical energy.
And with the help of Generator mechanical power is converted into Electrical power.
Sizes of Hydropower PlantsPico hydroelectric plant.
◦ Up to 10kW, remote areas, away from the grid.Micro hydroelectric plant
◦ Capacity 10kW to 300kW, usually provided power for small community or rural industry in remote areas away from the grid.
Small hydroelectric plant. ◦ Capacity 300kW to 1MW
Mini hydroelectric plant. ◦ Capacity above 1MW
Medium hydroelectric plant.◦ 15 - 100 MW usually feeding a grid.
Large hydroelectric plant.◦ More than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid.
Classification of Hydro power station.
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON HEAD.
A. High head plant ( < 300 m.)
B. Medium head plant. (60m to 300 m.)
C. Low head plant. ( > 60m.)
• CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WATER CONDITION.
A. Flow of water plant.
B. Storage of water plant.
C. Pump storage water plant.
• Classification based on operation.
A. Manual plant.
B. Automatic plant.
• Classification based on type of load.
A. Base load plant.
B. Peak load plant.
Classification Cont….
Element of Hydro power station
1. Reservoir.
2. Catchments area.
3. Dam.
(a) Earthen dam.
(b) Masonry dam.
(c) Concrete dam.
4. Spill ways.
5. Fish Screen.
6. Fore bay or Intake.
7. Tunnel.
8. Penstock or pipe line.
9. Surge tank.
10. Draft tube.
11. Tail race.
12. Turbine.
Element of Hydro power station
1.ReserviorIt is the place at which the water
have the potential energy.
2.Catchment AreaIt is the Maximum Area where the
water level is maintained.
3.DAMIt is the Barrier which prevent the
flow of water.
4. Spill WayIt is a structure used to provide
the controlled release of flows from a Dam.
5.Fish ScreenIt prevent the passage of fishes
6. Fore bay or Intake
7.TunnelIt is used to divert the water to
the reservior.
8.PenstockThese are used to bring the
water from intake to the Turbine.
9.Surge TankUsed to provide constant
pressure.
10.Draft tubeIt increases the Effective head
and also increases the efficiency.
11.Tail raceIt is the place where the water
discharges through draft tube to flow freely.
12. TurbinesIt is heart of plant and converts
the water energy into mechanical energy.
It plays very important role in the development of country.
It provides power at cheapest rate.About 20% of the total world power is
generated using hydro power plants.
WHY HYDRO-POWER PLANT?
Major Hydropower Producers
Major Hydropower generating units
NAME STATA CAPACITY (MW)
BHAKRA PUNJAB 1100
NAGARJUNA ANDHRA PRADESH 960
KOYNA MAHARASHTRA 920
DEHAR HIMACHAL PRADESH 990
SHARAVATHY KARNATAKA 891
KALINADI KARNATAKA 810
SRISAILAM ANDHRA PRADESH 770
Coal vs. Hydro Kinetic Energy Conversion
35% 95%
1. The capital cost of generators, civil engineering work etc is high.
2. High cost of transmission lines.
3. Long dry seasons may effect the delivery of power.
Disadvantage of Hydro power station.
‘THANK YOU’