HydrotheraHydrotherapypy

Health and Well-BeingHealth and Well-Being

From the use ofFrom the use of

WATERWATER

Use of WaterUse of Water

• In all three In all three statesstates

•SOLIDSOLID•LIQUIDLIQUID•GASGAS

Internally or ExternallyInternally or Externally

•For the Treatment ofFor the Treatment of

• DISEASEDISEASE

• TRAUMATRAUMA

• DYSFUNCTIONDYSFUNCTION

Administration ofAdministration of

Hydrotherapuetic ProceduresHydrotherapuetic Procedures

Not Technically DifficultNot Technically Difficult

Good Results-Depend upon Good Results-Depend upon Meticulous Attention to DetailMeticulous Attention to Detail

Just Like in Massage Art –Just Like in Massage Art –

Requires diligent practice to develop Requires diligent practice to develop finesse for which we should strive forfinesse for which we should strive for

HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS•Body strives for Body strives for

normal uniform normal uniform physiological stabilityphysiological stability

• To Preserve To Preserve this condition this condition the body must the body must continually continually

make make physiological physiological adjustments to adjustments to

various various stresses and stresses and conditionsconditions

Various Stresses and Various Stresses and ConditionsConditions

• Seasonal ChangesSeasonal Changes• TemperatureTemperature• AllergensAllergens• Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure

Additional Stressors & Environmental Additional Stressors & Environmental FactorsFactors

•Rainfall & SunlightRainfall & Sunlight•Various RadiationsVarious Radiations•Food, Clothing, & WaterFood, Clothing, & Water•Social ConditionsSocial Conditions

In HydrotherapyIn Hydrotherapy

Environment of Body is ChangedBy Means of Water

At Various Temperatures

By Various Mechanical Means

By Chemical Reaction(Indirect or Direct)

In General, Physiological Responses are in Direct Proportion to the Extent of the Environmental Changes

Example:

97 F shows little physiological response

(actually sedative)

Versus:

110 F marked change

a) temperature rises

nervous excitement

b )metabolism rises

c) blood more alkaline

d) white blood cells

increase

In 20 Minutes ,In 20 Minutes ,Body Temperature may reach 104 FBody Temperature may reach 104 FPulse Rate over 160 per minutePulse Rate over 160 per minute

• Fortunately can be ReversedFortunately can be Reversed

• Obvious REAL measurable Obvious REAL measurable Physiological changePhysiological change

• For this Reason HydrotherapyFor this Reason Hydrotherapy

• Although one of the oldest Although one of the oldest TechniquesTechniques

• Is still recognized as very important Is still recognized as very important as well as very potent and effectiveas well as very potent and effective

Properties of WaterProperties of Water

• Valuable Therapeutic Agent because:Valuable Therapeutic Agent because:

• a) Readily Available & Abundanta) Readily Available & Abundant

• b) Applied with Relatively Simple & b) Applied with Relatively Simple & Inexpensive EquipmentInexpensive Equipment

• c) Possesses Ability to Communicate and c) Possesses Ability to Communicate and Absorb Large Quantities of HeatAbsorb Large Quantities of Heat

Properties of WaterProperties of Water• d) Good Conductor of Heatd) Good Conductor of Heat

• e) Exists in Three States within a e) Exists in Three States within a Narrow Temperature RangeNarrow Temperature Range

• f) Density & Mass near that of f) Density & Mass near that of Human BodyHuman Body

• g) Viscosity and Surface Tensiong) Viscosity and Surface Tension works well with dermis and muscleworks well with dermis and muscle

Properties of WaterProperties of Water

Buoyant Effect-Buoyant Effect- valuable in neuromuscular valuable in neuromuscular

re-education of paralyzed musclesre-education of paralyzed muscles Hydrostatic Effect-Hydrostatic Effect- shifting of fluid from shifting of fluid from

one part of the body to another one part of the body to another

( Versus Hydrostatic Pressure)( Versus Hydrostatic Pressure)

causes increase in venous and lymphcauses increase in venous and lymph

away from periphery, urine outputaway from periphery, urine output

Hot or ColdHot or Cold

• Very Hot 104°F & aboveVery Hot 104°F & above

• Hot 100 to 104°FHot 100 to 104°F

• Warm 92 to 100°FWarm 92 to 100°F

• Tepid 80 to 92°FTepid 80 to 92°F

• Cool 70 to 80°FCool 70 to 80°F

• Cold 55 to 70°FCold 55 to 70°F

• Very Cold 32 to 55°FVery Cold 32 to 55°F It is essential that a means of measuring It is essential that a means of measuring

temperature is availabletemperature is available

Fahrenheit Vs. CelsiusF° C°

212° Boiling Point 100°

98.6° Human Body 37°

32° Freezing 0°

Conversion:

°C to °F = y 9/5 + 32°

°F to °C = (y-32)(5/9)

Heat TransferHeat Transfer

• 1) Conduction1) Conduction – – heat is heat is transferred by direct contact of one transferred by direct contact of one heated object with another. This is the heated object with another. This is the manner in which hydrotherapy works manner in which hydrotherapy works in the body by means of packs, in the body by means of packs, immersion baths, sprays, douches, immersion baths, sprays, douches, vapor baths, drinking watervapor baths, drinking water

• 2) Convection2) Convection – – heat is heat is transferred by moving currents of transferred by moving currents of heated liquids or gases (hot air heated liquids or gases (hot air furnaces, sauna, or auto radiatorfurnaces, sauna, or auto radiator

Heat TransferHeat Transfer• 3) Conversion3) Conversion – heat is – heat is

generated in substance or tissue generated in substance or tissue by passage through some form by passage through some form of energy (wire filament by of energy (wire filament by electricity, heating of body electricity, heating of body tissue by diathermy or tissue by diathermy or ultrasound)ultrasound)

• 4) Radiation4) Radiation – – usually a usually a cooling effect, such as seeing cooling effect, such as seeing heat coming off asphaltheat coming off asphalt

Physiological EffectsPhysiological Effects•Thermal EffectsThermal Effects

Produced by Application of Water at Produced by Application of Water at TemperatureTemperature

Above or Below Body TemperatureAbove or Below Body Temperature

The Greater the Variation of TemperatureThe Greater the Variation of Temperature The Greater the Physiological EffectThe Greater the Physiological Effect

Thermal Effect is the Thermal Effect is the Most ImportantMost Important Effect Effect of Hydrotherapyof Hydrotherapy

Physiological EffectsPhysiological Effects

•Mechanical EffectsMechanical Effects Produced by Impact on Skin SurfaceProduced by Impact on Skin Surface By: WhirlpoolsBy: Whirlpools SpraysSprays DouchesDouches FrictionsFrictions Vichy ShowerVichy Shower Scotch HoseScotch Hose

Physiological EffectsPhysiological Effects

•Chemical EffectsChemical Effects

Produced when taken by Mouth orProduced when taken by Mouth or When used as an IrrigationWhen used as an Irrigation Includes: EnemasIncludes: Enemas Drinking WaterDrinking Water Irrigation of WoundIrrigation of Wound

Manipulation of blood flow:Manipulation of blood flow:• Revulsive:Revulsive: (alternate) Application of hot (alternate) Application of hot

and cold. Reduces congestion and produces and cold. Reduces congestion and produces an analgesic effect.an analgesic effect.

• Derivation:Derivation: The use of heat to draw blood The use of heat to draw blood and lymph to one part of the body.and lymph to one part of the body.

• Retrostasis:Retrostasis: the use of cold to drive blood the use of cold to drive blood and lymph away from a particular part of and lymph away from a particular part of the body.the body.

• Collateral Circulation:Collateral Circulation: combines combines derivation and retrostsais to modify blood derivation and retrostsais to modify blood flow from a superficial artery to change the flow from a superficial artery to change the circulation of a deep artery. circulation of a deep artery.

Manipulation of blood flow: Manipulation of blood flow: (continued)(continued)• Arterial Trunk Reflex:Arterial Trunk Reflex: Whatever Whatever

influences the arterial trunk will also influences the arterial trunk will also influence the smaller vessels fed by the influence the smaller vessels fed by the trunk. trunk.

• Spinal Cord ReflexSpinal Cord Reflex: Each vital center has a : Each vital center has a corresponding area of skin which is corresponding area of skin which is reflexively connected to it.reflexively connected to it.

• Hydrostatic Effect:Hydrostatic Effect: Shifting of blood and Shifting of blood and lymph from one area of the body to another lymph from one area of the body to another area.area.