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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KI MI A ORGANIK
PERCOBAAN I
PERBEDAAN SENYAWA ORGANIK DAN SENYAWA ANORGANI K
OLEH :
NAMA : I MADE SATRI A BI N AW A ALI T
NI M : F1F1 12135
KELAS : C
K ELOMP OK : I V
ASI S TEN : MUHAJ R I ANTI
J URUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATI KA DAN I LMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNI VERSI TAS HALUOLEO
KENDARI
2013
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PERBEDAAN SENYAWA
ORGANI K DAN SENYAWA ANORGANI K
A. Tujuan
Adapun tujuan dari percobaan perbedaan s eny awa organi k dan anorgani k
i n i y a i t u :
1 . M em p el a ja r i t e s- t es y an g d i gu n a ka n u n tu k m e ng i de n ti f ik as i u n su r p e ny us u n
s eny awa ters ebut.
2 . M en ga ma ti b eb er ap a p er be da an s if at d as ar a nt ar a s en ya wa o rg an i k d an
anorgani k .
B. Dasar teori
Z a t o r ga n ik a d al a h z a t y a ng b a ny a k m e n ga n du n g u n s ur k a rb o n. C o nt o hn y a
a n t a r a l a i n B e n z e n, C h l o r of o r m , D e t e r ge n , M e t ho x y c h lo r , d a n P e n t ac h l o r op h e n ol .
Z a t o r g a n i k d i b a g i m e n j a d i 2 , y a i t u z a t o r g a n i k a r o m a t i s y a i t u s e n y a w a o r g a n i k y a n g
b e ra r o ma , s e ca r a k i mi a s e ny a wa i n i m e m pu n ya i i k at a n r a n ta i y a ng m e li n gk a r,
m i sa l ny a b e nz e ne , t o lu e n e, d a n z a t o r g an i k n o n- a ro m at is y a it u s e ny a wa o r ga n ik
y an g t id ak b er a ro ma , d an s ec ar a k im ia t id ak m em pu ny ai i ka ta n r a nt ai y an g
m e li n gk a , m is a ln y a e t an a , e t an o l, f o rm a li n . Z a t o r ga n i k d a pa t d i gu n ak a n s e ba g ai
b a ha n m a ka n an , z a t a d it i f, d a n b a ha n p e le d ak . K e ke r u ha n a ir d is e ba b ka n o l eh z a t
p a da t y a ng t e rs u s pe n si , b a ik y a ng b e rs i fa t a n o rg a ni k b e ra s al d a ri l a pu k an b a tu a n
d an l og am , m au pu n y an g o r ga n ik y an g b er a sa l d ar i h e wa n m au pu n t um bu h an
( H i d ay a t i , 2 0 1 0 ) .
P a ra m et e r k u al i ta s y a ng m e le b ih i b a ku m u tu k ir a n ya a d al a h z a t o r g an i k ,
k e ke r u ha n d a n s e ny a wa a k ti f p e rm u ka an ( s ur f ak t an ) . S e ny a wa o r ga n ik d ib a ng u n
t er u ta ma o l eh k ar bo n d an h i dr o ge n, d an d ap at m en ga n du n g u ns ur -u ns ur l ai n
s e p e r ti n i t r og e n , o k s i g e n , f o s f o r , h a l o g e n d a n b e l e r an g . S e n y aw a k i m ia o r g a ni k i n i
b e ra s al d a ri k es a la h pa h am an b a hw a s e mu a s e ny a wa o r ga n ik p a st i b e ra s al d a ri
o r ga n is m e h id up , n am u n t el ah d i b uk ti ka n b ah wa a da b eb er a pa p er ke cu al i an
F a kt o r -f a kt or p e ng ga n gg u d a la m p e ne t ap a n k a da r z a t o r ga n i k, d i an t ar a ny a i o n
s u lf i da d a n n i tr i t, u n tu k m e ng hi l an g ka n h a ru s d i pa n as k an d e ng a n H 2 SO 4 e n ce r
s a mp a i H2S d a n n i tr i t h i la n g, g a ra m f e rr o d a pa t d i hi l an g ka n d e ng a n p e na m ba h an
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b e be r a pa t e te s K M nO 4 s e be l um d i an a li s a s am p ai l a r ut a n t e pa t m e ra h m u da , d a n
b i l a d i s i m pa n l e b i h d a r i s a t u h a r i , l e b i h b a i k d i a s a mk a n ( N o t o da r m o j o , 2 0 0 4 ) .
S en ya wa o rg an ik h an ya m ew aki li s at u j en is s en ya wa k im ia , y ai tu
y a n g me n g a n du n g s a t u a t o m k a r b o n a t a u l e b i h. K i m i a o r g a n i k b a r a n g k a li l e b i h b a i k
d i d ef i n i si k a n s e b ag a i k i m ia s e n y aw a y a n g m e n ga n d u n g k a r b o n . I d e n ti f i ka s i g u g u s
f u n g si d a r i m a s in g - m as i n g s a m p el k h u s us n y a s e n y a w a o r g a n i k d e n g a n p e r b ed a a n
s u hu k a ls i na s i d a n v a r ia si l a ma w a kt u k a ls i na si m e m pe r l ih a tk a n i n te n si t as y a ng
r e n da h s e rt a b e nt u k p u nc a k y an g s e ma ki n m e le ba r . D e ng a n b e rt a mb a h s u hu d a n
l a m a w a k tu k a l s in a s i m a k a i n t en s i t as d a r i k o m p o s i t s e m a k i n m e n i n g ka t . M e t o da s o l
g el m er u pa ka n s ua tu m et od e y an g d ig un ak an u nt uk p em be nt uk an s en ya wa -
s e n y a wa a n o r g an i k m e l a l u i s u a t u r e a k si k i m ia p a d a t e m p e r at u r y a n g r e l a t i f r e n d a h .
S el ai n i tu , m et od a s ol g el m er u pa ka n m et od a y an g m u da h d an t el ah b an ya k
d i g u na k a n d a l am s i n t es i s s e n y aw a o r g a n ik m a p u n s e n y a w a a n o r g an i k ( Y u l it a , 2 0 12 )
Atom k arbon dapat di bedak an dengan atom l ai n y ai tu pada k emampuan
a to m k ar bo n u nt uk b er pa sa ng an d en ga n a to m k ar bo n l ai n m em be nt uk i ka ta n
k o va l en k a r bo n -k a rb o n. F e no m en a t un g ga l i n il a h y a ng m e mb e ri k an d a sa r -d a sa r
k i mi a o r ga n i k. R a ng k ai a n a t om - at om k a rb o n b e ra n ek a r a ga m : l i n ea r , b e rc a ba n g,
s i k l ik y a n g d i k e l i li n g i o l e h a t o m h i d r o g e n, o k s i ge n , d a n n i t r o ge n . T i d a k b a n y ak u n s u r
l a i n y a n g m e m i li k i e m p a t e l e k t r o n d i k u l it t e r l u ar y a n g b e r s i f at s e p e r ti a t o m k a r b o n .
H a ny a s il i ko n y a ng m i ri p d e ng a n a t om k a rb o n, a r ti n ya d a pa t m e mb e nt u k i k at a n
k o v a le n d e n ga n u n s u r- u n s ur l a i n . S e p e r t i S i O 2 y an g m e l i mp a h . S e n y a w a i n i s a n g a t
s t a bi l , t e t ap i s i l i k o n b u k a n u n s u r p e n y us u n j a s a t h i d u p . G u a i a k ol 1 m e r u p ak a n s u a t u
s e ny a wa o r ga n ik y a ng t e rd ir i d ar i i n ti a r om a ti k ( be n ze n a ) d a n d i d a la mn y a t e ri k at
g u gu s h i dr o ks i l ( O H) d a n g u gu s m e to k si l ( O CH3) , y a n g l e t a k n y a s a l i n g b e r t et a n gg a
( S u w ar s o , 2 0 0 2 ) .
D a l a m k e h i d u p an s e h a r i- h a r i k i t a b a n y ak m e n j um p a i s e n y a w a , b a i k s e n y a w a
o r ga n i k m a up un a n or g an i k. S e ny a wa o r ga n ik s an g at b a ny a k j e ni s ny a , s e hi n gg a
p e rl u a d an y a p e ng go l on g an s en y aw a o r ga n ik . T i ng g in y a k a nd u ng an z a t o r g an i k
d a l a m l i m b a h c a i r i n d u st r i t a p i o k a m e m b u a t l i m b a h c a i r n y a s a n g a t m u d a h d i u r ai k a n .
S e h in g ga m e sk i pu n t a np a d i be r i p e rl a ku a n a k an t e rj a di p e ng u r ai a n l im b ah o l eh
m i kr o ba y a ng a d a d i d a la m l i mb a h m a up u n d i a la m t e rs e bu t h i ng ga m e n gh a si l ka n
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s e n y a wa - s en y a w a o r g a n i k s e d e r h a n a y a n g m e n im b u l k an b a u s e p er t i m e t a na ( C H4
)
d a n k a r b on d i o ks i d a ( C O2
) ( W i y a r n o , 2 0 1 0 ) .
C. Alat dan Bahan
1 . A la t
Adapun al at al at y ang di gunak an dal am percobaan i ni , y ai tu :
a . C a w a n p o r s el i n
b . G e l a s k i m ia
c . K a wa t o s e
d . L a m p u b u n s en
e . H o t p l at e
2 . B a ha n
Adapun bahan- bahan y ang di gunak an dal am percobaan i ni , y ai tu :
a . A k ua d es
b . E t an o l
c . K l or o fo r m
d . L a r u t an A g N O 3
e . L a ru t an K I
f . L a ru t an N a Cl
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D. Prosedur Kerja
1 ) T e s u n s u r -u n s u r d e n g an p e m b a k a r an s e n y a w a o r g a n i k
a . D e t e ks i u n s u r - u ns u r d e n g a n p e m ba k a r a n s e n ya w a o r g a n i k
- D i m a su k k an k e d a l a m c a w a n p o r se l i n- di bak ar- d i pi p et a i r 2 m l- d i m a su k k a n k e d a la m g e l a s k im i a- d il et ak ka n a ir y an g d i d al am g el as k im i a k e
d a l a m m o r t a r ( c a w an p o r s el i n )- di amati
Has i l Pengamatan
b . T e s Be i ls t ei n
- d i m a su k a n k e d a l am t a b u n g r e a ks i- d i ba k ar k a wa t d e ng a n m e n gg u na k an l a mp u
buns en- d d i cl u p k an k e d a l a m t a b u ng r e a k s i- d i a m at i h a s il y a n g t er j a d i
Has i l Pengamatan
2 . P e r b ed a a n s e n y a w a o r g a n i k d a n a n o r ga n i k
P e r b ed a a n d a l a m i o n i sa s i
- D i m a su k a n d a la m t a b u n g r e a k s i
- D i t a mb a h 3 t e t e s A g NO3- D i a m at i h a s i l y a n g t e r ja d i
Has i l Pengamatan
E t a n o l 2 m l
Kloroform 2ml KI 2 ml
Kloroform 2ml KI 2 ml
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E. Hasil Pengamatan
No. PERLAKUAN HASIL
1. - Etanol dimasukkan cawan + panaskan
- Air + panaskan
Menguap
Tidak menguap (hangat)
2. - Kloroform + kawat panas
- KI + kawat panas
Menggelembung
Tidak menggelembung
3. - NaCl + AgNO3- Kloroform +AgNO3
Endapan putih
Terbentuk 2 lapisan
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F. PEMBAHASAN
K im ia o rg an ik a da la h p er ca ba ng an s tu di i lm ia h d ar i i lm u k im ia
m e ng e na i s t ru kt u r , s i fa t , k o mp os i si , r e ak s i d an s i nt e si s s e n ya w a o r ga n ik .
S e ny a wa o r ga n ik d i ba n gu n t e ru t am a o l eh k ar b on d a n h i dr o ge n , d a n d a pa t
m e ng a nd u ng u n su r -u n su r l a in s e pe r ti n i tr o ge n , o k si g en , f o sf o r , h a lo g en d a nb el er an g. S en ya wa k im i a o rg an i k i ni b er a sa l d ar i k es al ah pa ha ma n b ah wa
s e mu a s e n ya w a o r ga n ik p a st i b e ra s al d ar i o r ga n is m e h i du p , n a mu n t e la h d i
b u kt i ka n b a hw a a d a b e be r a pa p e rk e cu a li a n . B ah k an s e be n ar n y a, k e hi d up a n
juga s angat bergantung pada k i mi a anorgani k ; s ebagai contoh, bany ak enzi m
y a n g m e n d a s a r ka n k e r j a n y a p a d a l o g a m t r a n s i s i s e p e r t i b e s i d a n t e m ba g a , j u g a
g i g i d a n t u l a n g y a n g k o m p os i s in y a m e r u p a k a n c a m p u r a n d a r i s e n ya w a o r g a n ik .
K a r b o n a d a l a h s u a t u u n s u r u t a m a p e n y us u n j a s a t h i d u p i n i s e h i n g ga
a t om k a rb o n m e n ja d i t u la n g p u ng gu n g p e mb e nt u k s e ny a wa y a ng b e ra n ek a
r a ga m . M e ng a pa k a rb o n d a pa t m e mb e nt u k s e n ya w a- s en y aw a y a ng b e gi t u
b an ya k, d im an a h al i ni t id ak d it un ju kk an o le h u n su r l ai n. K ar bo n m em il ik i
e m p a t e l e k t r o n d i k u l it t e r l u ar n y a . M a si n g -m a s i n g e l e k t r o n d a p at d i s um b a n gk a n
k e p ad a u n s u r - un s u r l a i n s e h in g g a t e r p en u h i s u s u na n e l e k tr o n i k ny a , d a n d e n ga n
e l e k tr o n - e le k t r on p a s a ng a n m e m b en t u k i k a ta n k o v al e n . N i t ro g e n , o k s ig e n d a n
h i d r o ge n a d a l ah u n s ur - u n su r y a n g d a p a t b e r i k a t an d e n g an k a r b on . S a t u a t o m
k ar bo n d ap at m en yu mb an gk an p al in g b an ya k e mp at e le kt ro n u ntu k
d i pa s an g ka n d e ng a n e m pa t e l ek t ro n d a ri u n su r l a in . S e ba g ai c o n to h d a la m
mol ek ul metana.
P a da p e rc o ba a n i n i y an g d i uj i y an g p e rt a ma y a it u m e mb a nd in g ka n
s e n y aw a o r g a n ik d a n a n o r g a n i k d a r i p e m a na s a n . S a m p e l s e n y a w a o r g a n i k y a n g
d ig un a ka n y ai tu e ta no l d an s en ya wa a no r ga ni kn ya y ai tu a ku ad es . D ar i
p e rl a ku a n d i pe r o le h h a si l b a hw a e t an o l y a ng m e mi l ik i t i ti k d i di h y an g l e bi hr e n d a h l e b i h c e p at m e n d id i h d a n m e n g u ap d i b an d i n gk a n d e n g an a k u a de s .
Pada uji y ang k edua dil ak uk an uji Bei ls tein y ai tu tes y ang di gunak an untuk
m e nd e te k si a d an y a u n su r C d a n H d a la m s u at u s e n ya w a o r ga n i k. P r in s ip d a sa r
d ar i t es i ni a da la h m en ce lu pk an k aw at o se y an g k em u di an a ka n b ak ar l al u
d ic el up ka n k ed al am l ar u ta n s en ya wa y an g a ka n d iu j i. D en ga n m em ba ka r
k a wa t o s e t e rs e bu t l a lu d i ce l up k e da l am l a ru t an k l or o fo r m, m a ka w a rn a k a wa t
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a k a n b e r w a r n a j i n g g a d a n t e r b en t u k g e l e m b u ng . P a d a K I p a d a s a a t d i c e lu p k a n
k a w a t y a n g t e l a h d i b ak a r , w a r n a k a w a t b e r u b ah w a r n a j i n g g a , t e t a pi t i d ak j u g a
t e r b en t u k g e l e m b u n g h a n y a s a j a K I t e r s e b u t b e r a s a p . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n d a p a t
d is im pu lk an b ah wa K I m er u pa ka n s en ya wa a no r ga ni k s ed an gk an C HC l3
m e r u p ak a n s e n y a wa o r g a ni k .
U j i t e ra k hi r p e rb e da a n a n ta r a s e ny a wa o r ga n ik d a n a n or g an i k y ai t u
d e ng a n c a r a i o n is as i . N a Cl y a ng d i re a ks i ka n d e ng a n A g NO m a ka l a r ut a n a k an
k er uh d an t er da pa t e nd ap an p ut ih , h al i ni d is eb ab ka n k ar en a a da ny a
p e rb e da a n e n er g i i o ni s as i . N a Cl y a ng m e mi l ik i i ka t an i o n m u da h m e le p as k an
d a n m e m b e n t u k i o n i o n p o s i t i f s e h i n g ga l e b i h r e a k t if k a r e n a e n e r g i i o n i s a si y a n g
d i m il i k i ny a k e c i l b i l a d i b an d i n gk a n d e n g an A g y a n g e n e r g i i o n i s as i n y a b e s a r d a n
membentuk i onpos i ti f. Sedangk an CHCl y ang direaks ik an dengan AgNO l arutan
t e rd i ri d ar i du a l a pi s an , ya n g m e nu n ju k ka n t i da k t e rj a di n ya r e ak si a n ta r a d u a
s e n y aw a t e r s e bu t . H a l i n i d i s e ba b k an k a r en a k l o r of o r m m e m i l i k i e n e r g i i o n is a s i
yang sangat kuat sebab kloroform mempunyai ikatan kovalen yang menyebabkan ia
tidak dapat bereaks i dengan AgNO s ehi ngga s uk ar untuk membentuk i on pos i ti f,
s a ma d e ng a n A g y a ng s u ka r m e mb e nt u k i o n p o si t if , s eh i n gg a k e du a n ya s u ka r
l a ru t .D a ri h a si l t e rs e bu t d a pa t m e n un j uk k an b ah w a s e ny a wa o r ga n ik ( C HC l )
a k an l e bi h s u ka r u n tu k m e mb e nt u k i o n p o si t if d ib a nd i ng k an d e ng a n s en y aw a
a n o r g an i k ( N a C l ) y a n g l e b i h m u d a h m e m be n t u k i o n p o s i ti f
P a d a b i d a n g f a r m a s i k i t a p e r l u m e n g et a h u i p e r b e d aa n a n t a r a s e n y a w a
o r ga n ik d a n a n or g an i k k a re n a u n tu k m e mb u at s u at u s e di a an o b at d i bu t uh k an
s e ny a wa u n tu k m e mb u at o b at t e rs e bu t . J a di d e n ga n m e mp e la j ar i p e rb e da a n
s e ny a wa o r ga n ik d a n a n or g an i k k i ta d a pa t m e ng e ta h ui s i fa t -s if a t o b at y a ng
b e r e ak s i d a l a m t u b u h .
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G. KESI MPULAN
B e r d a sa r k a n p e r c o ba a n y a n g d i l a ku k a n d i p er o l e h k e s im p u l an
b a h w a :
1 . B eb er a pa u ji y an g d ap at d il ak uk an u nt uk m en gi de nt if i ka si u ns ur
p e ny u su n s u at u s e ny a wa a n ta r a l a in u j i d e ng a n p e mb a ka r an s e ny a wa
o r g a n i k, t e s b e i ls t e in , d a n i o n i s as i
2 . P e rb e da a n s e n ya w a o r ga n ik d a n a n o rg a ni k d a pa t d i li h a t d a ri s i fa t f i si k a
d a n k i mi a s e pe r ti k e ad a an s a at p e ma n as a n s e ny a wa o r ga n ik a k an l e bi h
m u da h me n di d ih d a n m e ng u ap d i ba n di n gk an s en y aw a a n or g an i k s e r ta
p e r b ed a a n i o n i s as i ( d i ss o s i as i ) , d a n k e l a ru t a n .
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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KI MI A ORGANIK
PERCOBAAN I I
SI FAT-SI FAT KELARUTAN SENYAWA ORGANI K
OLEH :
NAMA : I MADE SATRI A BI N AW A ALI T
NI M : F1F1 12135
KELAS : C
K ELOMP OK : I V
ASI STEN : MUHAMMAD ADHA TAJ UDDIN
J URUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATI KA DAN I LMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNI VERSI TAS HALUOLEO
KENDARI
2013
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PERCOBAAN I I
SI FAT-SI FAT KELARUTAN SENYAWA ORGANI K
B. TUJUAN
T u j u a n d a r i p e r c o b aa n s i f a t - si f a t k e l a r u ta n s e n y a w a o r g a n ik i n i y a i t u :
1 . M e m p el a j a r i s i f a t- s i fa t k e l a r u t an s e n y a w a o r g a n i k .
2 . M e m b an d i n g ka n t i n g ka t k e l a r u t a n s u a t u s e n y a w a t e r h a da p b e b e r a p a p e l a r u t .
B. LANDASAN TEORI
Z at o rg an ik a da la h z at y an g b an ya k m en ga nd un g u ns ur k ar bo n.
C on to hn ya a n ta r a l ai n B en ze n, C hl or of or m, D et er ge n, M et ho x yc h lo r, d an
P e n t ac h l o r o ph e n o l . Z a t o r g a ni k d i b ag i m e n j ad i 2 , y a i t u z a t o r g a n i k a r o m a t is y a i tu
s e ny a wa o r ga n ik y an g b e ra r o ma , s e ca r a k im i a s e ny a wa i n i m e mp un y ai i k at a n
r a n t a i y a n g m e l i ng k a r , m i s a l n ya b e n z en e , t o l u en e , d a n z a t o r g a n i k n o n - a r om a t i s
y a it u s e ny a wa o r ga n ik y a ng t i da k b e ra r o ma , d a n s e ca r a k i mi a t i da k m e m pu n ya i
i k a t an r a n t a i y a n g m e l i ng k a , m i s a l n ya e t a n a, e t a n o l, f o r m al i n . Z a t o r g a ni k d a p at
d i g u na k a n s e b a g a i b a h a n m a k a n a n , z a t a d i ti f , d a n b a h a n p e l e d a k. K e k er u h a n a i r
d i s e ba b k a n o l e h z a t p a d a t y a n g t e r s u s p e n si , b a i k y a n g b e r s if a t a n o r g an i k b e r a s a l
d a ri l a pu k an b a tu a n d a n l o g a m , m a u p un y a ng o r ga n i k y a n g b e ra s al d a ri h e wa n
m a u p u n t u m bu h a n ( H i d ay a t i, 2 0 1 0 ) .
S en ya wa o rg an ik t er li ba t d al am t ia p s eg i k eh id up an , d an b an ya k
m an f aa tn ya d al am k eh id up an m an us ia s eh ar i- h ar i. A da d ia nt ar an ya y an g
b e r w u ju d b a h a n m a k a n an , b ah a n s a n d an g , o b a t- o b a ta n , k o s m e ti k , d a n b e r b ag a i
jeni s pl as ti k . Bahk an dal am tubuhpun bany ak terdapat s ejuml ah s eny awa organi k
d e ng a n f u n gs i y an g b e ra g am p u la P ar a m et e r k ua l it a s y an g m e l eb ih i b a ku m u tu
k i r a n ya a d a l ah z a t o r g a n i k , k e k e ru h a n d a n s e n y aw a a k t i f p e r m u k a an ( s u rf a k t an ) .
S en ya wa o r ga ni k d ib an gu n t er u ta ma o le h k ar bo n d an h i dr o ge n, d an d ap at
m e ng a nd u ng u n su r -u n su r l a in s e pe r ti n i tr o ge n , o k si g en , f o sf o r, h a lo g en d a n
b e l e r an g . S e n y a w a k i mi a o r g a n ik i n i b e r a s a l d a r i k e s a l a h p ah a m a n b a h w a s e m u a
s e ny a wa o r ga n ik p as t i b e ra s al d a ri o r ga n is me h i du p , n a mu n t e la h d i b u kt ik a n
b a h w a a d a b e b er a p a p e r k ec u a l i an F a k to r - f a kt o r p e n g ga n g gu d a l a m p e n e t a p a n
k a d ar z a t o r g a n i k , d i a n ta r a n ya i o n s u l f i d a d a n n i t r it , u n t u k m e n g h i la n g k an h a r u s
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d i p an a s k a n d e n g a n H2SO4 e nc e r s a mp a i H2S d a n n i t r it h i la n g, g a ra m f e r ro d a pa t
d i hi l an g ka n d e ng an p e na m ba h an b e be r ap a t e te s K M nO4 s e be l u m d i a n al i s a
s a mp a i l a r u ta n t e pa t m e r ah m u da , d a n b il a d i si m pa n l e bi h d a ri s a tu h a r i, l e bi h
b a i k d i a s a m ka n ( N o t o da r m o j o , 2 0 0 4 ) .
S e n ya w a o r ga n ik h a ny a m e wa ki l i s a tu j e ni s s e ny a wa k i mi a , y a it u y an g
m e ng a nd u ng s a tu a t om k a rb o n a t au l e bi h . K i mi a o r ga n i k b a ra n gk a li l e bi h b a ik
d i de f i ni s ik a n s e ba g ai k i mi a s e ny a wa y a ng m e ng a nd u ng k a r bo n . I d en t if i ka si
g u gu s f u n gs i d a ri m a si n g- m as i ng s a mp e l k h us u sn y a s e ny a wa o r ga n ik d e ng a n
p e rb e da a n s u h u k a ls i na s i d a n v a ri a si l a ma w a kt u k a ls in a si m e m pe r li h at k an
i n te n si t as y an g r e n da h s e r ta b e nt u k p u nc a k y an g s e ma ki n m e le b ar . D e ng an
b e r t am b a h s u h u d a n l a m a w a k tu k a l si n a s i m a k a i n t en s i t as d a r i k o m p o s i t s e m a ki n
m e ni n gk a t. M et o da s o l g e l m e ru p ak a n s u at u m e to d e y a ng d i gu n a ka n u n tu k
p e mb e nt u ka n s e ny a wa -s e ny a wa a n or g an i k m e la l ui s u at u r e a ks i k im i a p a da
t e mp e ra t ur y a ng r e l at i f r e n da h . S e la i n i t u, m e to d a s o l g e l m e r up a ka n m e to d a
y a n g m u d a h d a n t e l a h b a n y ak d i g u na k a n d a l a m s i n te s i s s e n y a w a o r g a n i k m a p u n
s e n y a wa a n o r ga n i k ( Y u l it a , 2 0 12 )
Atom k arbon dapat di bedak an dengan atom l ai n y ai tu pada k emampuan
a t om k a rb o n u n tu k b e rp a sa n ga n d e ng a n a t om k a rb o n l a in m e mb e nt u k i ka t an
k o v a le n k a r b on - k a r bo n . F e n o me n a t u n g ga l i n i l ah y a n g m e m b e ri k a n d a s ar - d a s ar
k i m i a o r g a n i k . R a n gk a i a n a t o m - a t o m k a r b o n b e r an e k a r a g a m : l i n e a r , b e r c a ba n g ,
s i kl i k y an g d i ke l il i ng i o l e h a t om h i dr o ge n , o k si g en , d a n n i tr o ge n . T i da k b a ny a k
u n s u r l a i n y a n g m e m il i k i e m p a t e l e k t r o n d i k u l i t t e r l u ar y a n g b e r s i f at s e p e r t i a t o m
k a r b o n. H a n y a s i l i ko n y a n g m i r i p d e n g a n a t o m k a r b o n, a r t i n ya d a p at m e m b en t u k
i k a t an k o v al e n d e n g an u n s u r -u n s u r l a i n . P e m ut u s a n h o m ol i s is , y a i tu p e mu t u s an
i k a t an d i m a n a m a s i n g- m a si n g a t o m m e m b a wa e l e k tr o n d a l a m j u m l a h y a n g s a m a
( s i m et r i s) , s e h in g g a m e m b en t u k r a d i ka l . R a d i ka l b e b as b e r s i f at s e m e nt a r a d a n
s an ga t r e ak ti f , s eh in gg a c ep at b er ga bu n g m em be n tu k m ol ek ul k em ba li .
( S u w ar s o , 2 0 0 2 ) .
D al am k eh id up an s eh ar i- ha ri k it a b an ya k m en ju m pa i s en ya wa , b ai k
s e n y a wa o r g a ni k m a u pu n a n o r g an i k . S e n y a w a o r g a n i k s a n g a t b a n y a k j e n i sn y a ,
s e h i n gg a p e r l u a d a n ya p e n gg o l o ng a n s e n ya w a o r g a ni k . T i n gg i n ya k a n d un g a n z a t
o r ga ni k d al am l im ba h c ai r i n du st ri t ap io ka m em bu at l im ba h c ai r ny a s an ga t
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m u da h d iu r ai ka n. S eh in gg a m es ki pu n t an pa d ib er i p er l ak ua n a ka n t er j adi
p en gu r ai an l im ba h o le h m ik ro ba y an g a da d i d a la m l im ba h m au pu n d i a la m
t e rs e bu t h i n gg a m e n gh a si l ka n s e n ya w a- s en y aw a o r ga n ik s e de r h an a y a ng
m e ni m bu l ka n b a u s e pe r ti m e ta n a ( C H4
) d a n k ar b on d io ks i da ( CO2
) ( W iy a rn o ,
2010).
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3. Prosedur Kerja
- K e la r u ta n d al am S o l ar
1 . D i a m bi l s e b a n y a k 1 p i p et t e t e s
2 . D i m a su k k an d a l a m t a b u n g r e a k s i
3 . D i t a m ba h k a n t e t e s d e m i t e t e s s o l a r
4 . D i k o c ok
5 . D i a m a ti k e l ar u t a nn y a
6. D i u l an gi pr os edur un tuk
pe na mba ha n be nsi n, m in ya k
t a na h , m i n ya k g o re n g, n - he k sa n ,
e t i l a s e t a t , m e t a n o l , d a n e t e r
S e m u a l a r u t , k e c u al i m e t h a no l
- K e la r u ta n d a la m B en s in
1 . D i am b il s e b a n ya k 1 p i pe t t e t es
2 . D im asu kkan d al am ta bu ng
reak s i
3 . D it am ba hk an t et es d em i t et es
s ol ar
4 . D ik oc ok
5 . D i a m a ti k e la r u t an n y a
6. Di u l an gi pro s edur un tuk
p en am ba ha n b en si n, m i ny ak
tan ah, min yak gor eng, n-
h e k s a n, e t i l a s e t a t , m e t a n o l , d a n
eter
S e m u a l a r u t
Sol ar
Bens i n
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- K e la r u ta n d a la m M e ta n ol
1 . D i am b il s e b a n ya k 1 p i pe t t e t es
2 . D im asu kkan d al am ta bu ng
reak s i3 . D it am ba hk an t et es d em i t et es
s ol ar
4 . D ik oc ok
5 . D i a m a ti k e la r u t an n y a
6. Di u l an gi pro s edur un tuk
p en am ba ha n b en si n, m i ny ak
tan ah, min yak gor eng, n-
h e k s a n, e t i l a s e t a t , m e t a n o l , d a n
eter
S e m u a l a r u t .
k e c u a li p a d a s o l a r , m i n y a k t a n a h, m i n y ak g o r e n g
- K el ar u ta n d al am Et er
1 . D i am b il s e b a n ya k 1 p i pe t t e t es
2 . D im asu kkan d al am ta bu ng
reak s i
3 . D it am ba hk an t et es d em i t et es
s ol ar
4 . D ik oc ok
5 . D i a m a ti k e la r u t an n y a
6. Di u l an gi pro s edur un tuk
p en am ba ha n b en si n, m i ny ak
tan ah, min yak gor eng, n-
h e k s a n, e t i l a s e t a t , m e t a n o l , d a n
eter
S e m u a l a r u t
Metanol
Eter
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E. Hasil Pengamatan
- T a be l h as i l pe n ga m at a n
No. S eny awa S ol ar Ben sin Mi ny ak
Tanah
Mi ny ak
Goreng
n-
hek s an
Eti l
As etat
M et an ol E te r
1. S ol ar p p p p p p x
p
2. Bens in p p p p p p p p
3 . Mi nya k. T p p p p p p x p
4 . Mi nya k.G p p p p p p x p
5 . n -h eks an p p p p p p p p
6 . E ti l As eta t p p p p p p p p
7. Metan ol X p x x p p p p
8. E ter p p p p p p p p
K et . v = La r ut
x = T i d a k l a r u t
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r a n ta i r e n da h s e ca r a u m um j u ga m e m pu n ya i s i fa t p o la r , s eh i ng ga d a pa t l a r ut
d a la m a i r. P a da k e la r ut a n m e ta n ol , s o la r , m i ny a k t a na h d a n m i n ya k g o re n g
y a ng t i da k l a ru t , k a re n a s u da h d i ke t ah u i m e ta n ol m e ru p ak a n t u ru n an d a ri
a l ko h ol . D a la m p r in s ip l i ke d is s ol v es l i ke d i je l as k an b a hw a k e la r ut a n d a pa t
d i p en g a r u hi o l e h k e s am a a n s t r u kt u r y a n g m e m b e n t u k m o l e k u l n ya . M o l e ku l a i r ,
d i be n tu k o l e h a t o m H d a n O d a n a l k oh o l j u g a d i b en t uk o l eh a t om H d a n O o l eh
s e bu a h i k at a n s i gm a . A d an y a g u gu s O H i n i m e mb u at a l ko h o l m e mi k i p ol a ri t as
y a n g h a m p i r s a m a d e n g a n p o l a r i t a s a i r . N a m u n k e p o l ar i t a s an y a n g d i m i l i k i o l e h
s e n y aw a - se n y a w a t u r u n a n a l k oh o l t i d ak a k a n s e b a n d i n g d e n g a n p o l a ri t a s a i r ,
h a l i n i d i pe n ga r uh i o l eh k e ha d ir a n g u gu s a l ki l p a da m o le k ul n ya . s e pe r ti y a ng
d i ke t ah u i g u gu s a l ki l m e ru p ak a n g u gu s n o n p o la r , s e ma ki n p a nj a ng a l ki l y a ng
d i m il i k i o l e h s u a t u s e n y a w a m a k a s e m a k i n b e s a r s i f a t n o n p o l ar n y a .
P a d a b i d a n g f a r m a s i , s e n y a w a o r g an i k d a p at d i g u n ak a n u n t u k m e m b ua t
s e di a an s e pe r ti e m ul s i, s u sp e ns i d a n l a in - la i n. M e nj a di b a ha n b a ku d a la m
p e m bu a t a n o b a t t e r s e bu t .
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G. KESI MPULAN
B e r d as a r k an p e r c o ba a n y a n g d i l a k u k an d i p e r ol e h k e s im p u l an b a h w a :
1 . S e n y a wa o r ga n ik d a pa t l a r ut d a la m p e la r u t p o l a r d a n n o n p o la r . K e la r ut a n
s en ya wa o r ga ni k t er ga n tu ng p ad a k em am pu a n s en ya wa o rg an i k u n tu k
m e m b en t u k i k a t an h i d r o ge n d e n ga n a t o m -a t o m e l e k t r on e g a ti f s e h in g g a d a p a tl a r u t d a l a m s e n y a w a p o l a r .
2. T in g ka t k e la r ut a n s e ny a wa o r g an i k y ai t u g l uk os a l e bi h b e sa r d i ba n di n gk an
d e n ga n m e t a n ol , e t a n o l, k l o r o fm , a s a m a s e t a t . L e b i h b e s a r j u g a d i b an d i n g ka n
n - h e ks a n , p a r a f in , m i n y a k g o r e n g d a n l e b i h b e s a r d i b an d i n gk a n b u t a no l.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
H i d a ya t i M , d a n Y u s r i n . 2 0 1 0 . P e n g a r u h L a m a W a k t u S i m p a n P a d a S u h u R u a n g ( 2 7 -
2 9 o c ) T e r h a d a p K a d a r Z a t O r g a n i k P a d a A i r M i n u m I s i U l a n g . J u r n a l U n i m u s .
N o to d ar m o jo , S u pr i ha n to d a n A n n e D e ni v a. 2 00 4 . P e nu r u na n Z a t O r g an i k D a nK e ke r u ha n M e ng gu n a ka n T e kn o l og i M em b r an U l tr a fi l tr a si D en g an S i st e mAl i ran Dead- End. Jurnal s ai ns dan tek nol ogi ,Vol. 36A, No. 1
S u w ar s o, W a hy u di P ri y on o . 2 0 02 . S e mi - Si n te si s V a ni l i D a ri G u ai a ko l V ia R e ak s iR e i me r ti e ma n n Y a n g D i ka t al i si s D e ng a n K a ta l is T r an s fe r f as e /P tc . J u rn a lSAINS,VOL. 6, NO. 2
W iy ar n o, Y os o d an S ri W id ya st ut i. 2 0 10 . I so l as i D an I de nt if ik as i k om po n enS e n ya w a P e ny u su n B a u p a da L i mb a h P a br i k T a pi o ka . J u r na l I l mi a h T e kn i k L i ngk ungan,Vol. 1, No. 2.
Yul i ta, Ri na. 2012. Opti mas i Pros es Kal s i nas i Pada Si ntes i s Kompos i t Ti o2/Ki tos an .J u r n a l K i m i a U n a n d, Vol.1, No.1.
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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KI MI A ORGANIK
PERCOBAAN
PEMISAHAN DAN PEMURNI AN ZAT PADAT
(REKRISTALI SASI , SUBLIMASI DAN TITI K LELEH)
OLEH :
NAMA : I MADE SATRI A BI N AW A ALI T
NI M : F1F1 12135
KELAS : C
K ELOMP OK : I V
ASI S TEN : ADI SUWANDI
J URUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATI KA DAN I LMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNI VERSI TAS HALUOLEO
KENDARI
2013
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PEMI SAHAN DAN PEMURNI AN ZAT PADAT
(REKRISTALI SASI , SUBLI MASI DAN TI TI K LELEH)
A. Tujuan Percobaan
1 . M e la k uk a n r e kr i st a li s as i d e n ga n b a i k
2 . M e m i li h p e l a ru t y a n g s e su a i u n tu k r e k s ri s t a li s a s i
3 . M e nj e r ni h ka n d a n m en g hi l an g ka n w a r n a l a r ut a n
4 . M e m i sa h k a n d an m e m u r n ik a n c a m p ur a n d e n g an r e k r i s ta l i s as i
B. Landasan Teori
K ri st al is as i d ar i l ar ut an d ik at eg or ik an s eb ag ai s al ah s at u p ro se s
p e mi s ah a n y a ng e f i si e n . S e c ar a u m um , t u ju a n d a ri p r os e s k r is t al i sa s i a d al a h
m e n g h as i l ka n p r o d uk k r i s ta l d e n g an k u a l it a s s e p er t i y a n g d i h ar a p k a n. K u a l it a s
k r i s ta l y a n g d i h a si l k an d a p at d i t en t u k a n d a r i p a r a me t e r -p a r a m et e r p r o du k y a i tu
d i s t ri b u si u k u r a n k r i s t al ) , k e m ur n i a n k r i s t a l d a n b e n t uk k r i s ta l . S a l a h s a t u s y a r a t
t er j ad in ya k ir is ta li sa si a da la h t er j ad in ya k on di si s up er sa tu r as i. K on di si
s u pe r sa t ur a si a d al a h k o nd is i d im a na k o ns e nt r as i l a r ut a n b e ra d a d i a t as h a rg a
k e l a r u ta n n y a. K o n di s i s u p er s a t u ra s i i n i d a p at d i c a pa i , d en g a n c a r a p e n g ua p a n ,
p e nd i ng i n a t au g a bu n ga n k e du a ny a . T e r da p at d u a p h en o m en a p e nt i ng p a da
p ro se s k ri s ta li sa si y ai tu p em be n tu ka n i n ti k ri st al d an p er tu m bu h an k ri s ta l
(Sety opratomo, 2003).
R e kr i st a li s as i m e ru p ak a n s al a h s a tu c a r a p e mu r ni a n z a t p a da t y a ng
jamak di gunak an, di mana zat- zat ters ebut atau zat- zat padat ters ebut di l arutk an
d a la m s u at u p e la r u t k e mu d ia n d i kr i st a lk a n k e mb a li . C a ra i n i b e rg a nt u ng p a da
k e l a r u ta n z a t d a l a m p e l a r u t t e r t e n t u d i k a l a s u h u d i p er b e s a r . K a r e n a k o n s e n t r as it o ta l i m pu r it i b i as a n ya l e bi h k e ci l d a ri k o ns e nt r as i z a t y a ng d i mu r ni k an , b i la
d i ng i n, m a ka k on s e nt r as i i m pu r it i y a ng r e n da h t e ta p i d a la m l a r ut a n s e me n ta r a
p r o d u k y a n g b e r k o ns e n t ra s i t i n g gi a k a n m e n g e n d ap ( A r s y ad , 2 0 0 1 ) .
Z at p ad at u m um n ya m em pu ny ai t it ik l eb ur y an g t aj am ( r en ta ng an
s u h u ny a k e c i l) , s e d a ng k an z a t p a d a t a m o r f a k a n m e l u n a k d a n k e m u di a n m e l e b u r
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d a l a m r e n t a n ga n s u h u y a n g b e s a r . P a r t i k e l z a t p a d a t a m o r f s u l i t d i p e l aj a r i k a r e n a
t i d ak t e r a tu r . O l e h s e b a b i t u , p e m b a h a s an z a t p a d a t h a n y a m e m b i ca r a k a n k r i s t al .
S u a tu z a t m e mp u ny a i b e nt u k k r is t al t e rt e nt u . D u a z a t y a ng m e mp u ny a i s t ru k tu r
k r i s ta l y a n g s a m a d i s e bu t i s o m o r f i k ( s a m a b e n t u k) , c o n t o hn y a N a F d e n ga n M g O ,
K2SO 4 d e n ga n K 2SeO4, d a n C r 2O 3 d e n ga n F e2O3. Z a t i s om o rf i k t i da k s e la lu d a pa t
m en gk ri st al b er sa ma s ec ar a h o mo ge n . A rt in ya s at u p ar ti ke l t id ak d a pa t
m e ng g an t ik a n k e du d uk a n p a rt i ke l l ai n . S u at u z a t y a ng m e mp u ny a i d u a k r is t al
a t a u l e b i h d i s e bu t p o l im o r f ik ( b a n ya k b e n tu k ) ( S y u kr i , 1 9 9 9 ) .
R e k r is t a li s a s i m e r u p a k an m e t o de y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g u n t u k p e m u rn i a n
k o m p on e n l a r u ta n o r g a n ic . A d a t u j u h m e t o d e d a l am r e k r i st a l is a s i y a i t u : m e m i li h
p e l a r ut , m e l a ru t k a n z a t t e r l ar u t , m e n g h il a n g ka n w a r n a l a r u t a n , m e m in d a h ka n z a t
p a d at , m e n g kr i s t a lk a n l a r u t an , m e n g um p u l d a n m e n c u ci k r i s ta l , m e n g e ri n g k an
p r o d u kn y a ( h a si l ) ( W i ll i a ms o n , 1 9 9 9 ) .
S u b li m a s i m e r u pa k a n p r i ns i p p e n g er i n g -b e k u an ( f r e e z e d r y in g ) a d a l ah
m e ng h il a ng k an a i r d a n p e la r u t l a i n d a ri p r od u k b e ku t a np a m e le w at i f a se c a ir .
T i n g ka t k e b e k u a n p r o d u k y a n g d a p at d i c a pa i , l a m a p e n ge r i n g a n d a n j e n i s p r o d u k
y a ng d i ke r i ng - be k uk a n s e r ta f a kt o r p e rs o ni l y a ng m e ng o pe r a si k an a l at d a la m
p ro se s s u bl im as i t er se bu t. P em be ku an s ec ar a p er l ah an -l ah an l eb ih b ai k
d i b an d i n g ka n d e n ga n p e m be k u a n s e c a r a c e p a t s e b a b d e n g a n p e m b ek u a n s e c a r a
p e rl a ha n -l a ha n a k an t e rb e nt u k k r is t al e s y a ng b e sa r s e hi n gg a k o nd is i i n i a k an
m e mp e rl a nc a r p r os e s s u bl i ma si d a ri s e ti a p l a pi s an e s d a la m p r od u k. T a ha p
p e n g er i n g a n p e r t a m a d i m u l a i p a d a s a a t p r o d u k s u d a h b e r a d a d a l a m k o n d i si b e k u
s em pu rn a d an k ea da an b ek u i n i h ar us t et ap d ip er ta ha nk an s el am a p ro se s
p e n g er i n g a n ( M i sy e t ti , 2 0 0 6 ) .
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C. Alat dan Bahan
1 . A la t
Al at- al at y ang di gunak an dal am percobaan i ni adal ah :
- El ek trothermal- G e l a s k i mi a
- Erl enmey er
- L a b u t a k a r
2 . B ah an
B a h a n - ba h a n y a n g d i g u na k a n d a l a m p e r c o b a a n i n i a d a l ah :
- A i r
- K a p u r b a r u s
- t is su e
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D. Prosedur Kerja
-
- Di hal us k an
- D i m a su k k a n d al a m g e l a s ki m i a
- D i s u mb a t de n g a n ti s s u e
- D i p a na s k an h i n g g a m en g u a p
- Di amati pembentuk an kri s tal ny a
K r i s t al b e r b en t u k j a r u m d a n p i p i h
E. Data Pengamatan
Per l ak uan Pengamatan /Reaks i
Subl i mas i
K a p u r b a r u s
Di panas k an
M e n g ua p , m e m b en t u k k r i s ta l b e r b en t u k
jarum dan pi pi h.
Kapur barus
Kapur barus dalam gelas kimia
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F. Pembahasan
T e kn i k k r is t al is a si a d al a h s u at u p r os e s m e la r ut ka n z a t p a da t t i da k m u r ni
d a la m p e la r u t p a na s , y a ng k e mu d ia n d i la n ju t ka n d e ng a n p r os e s p e nd i ng i na n
l a r ut a n t e rs e bu t u n tu k m em b ia r ka n z a t t e rs e bu t m e ng k ri s ta l . H a l y a ng s a ng a t
m e n e n tu k a n k e b er h a s il a n s u a t u p r o s e s r e k r is t a li s a s i a d a l ah p e m il i h a n p e l ar u t y a n g
t e pa t . P e l ar u t y a ng t e pa t a d al a h p e la r u t y a ng s u ka m e la r ut k an s en y aw a p a da s u hu
k a m a r , t e t a p i d a p a t m e l a r u t ka n d e n ga n b a i k p a d a t i t ik d i d i hn y a .
P a da p e ng gu n a an t e kn i k r e kr i st a li s as i b i as a ny a d i la t ar b el a ka n gi k a r en a
s e ny a wa o r g an i k p a da t y a ng d i is o la s i d a ri r e a ks i o r ga n i k j a ra n g b e rb e nt u k m u rn i .
S e n y a wa t e r s e bu t b i a s an y a t e r k on t a m in a s i d e n ga n s e d i ki t s e n y a wa l a i n ( i m pu r i t is )
y a n g d i h a si l k a n s e l a m a r e a k si b e r l a ng s u n g. P e m u r ni a n p a d at a n d e n ga n k r i s t al i s as i
d id as ar k an p ad a p er be da an d al am k el ar u ta n ny a d al am p el ar u t t er te nt u a ta u
c a mp u r an p e la r ut . B il a s u at u k r is t al s a ng a t l a r u t d a la m s a tu p e la r ut d a n s a n ga t t a k
l ar ut d en ga n p el ar ut l ai n m ak a a ka n m em be ri ka n h as il r ek ri st al is as i y an g
memuas k an.
S u bl i ma si a d al a h s a la h s a tu p e mi s ah a n z a t- z at y a ng m u da h m e n yu b li m .
p e ru b ah a n w u ju d z a t p a d a t k e g a s a t a u d a ri g a s k e p a da t . B i l a p a rt i ke l p e ny u su n
s u a t u z a t d i b er i k a n k e n a i k a n s u h u m a k a p a r t i k el t e r s e bu t a k a n m e n y u bl i m m e n j a d i
g a s, s e ba l ik n ya j ik a s u hu g a s t e rs e bu t d i tu r un k an m a ka g a s a k an s e ge r a b e ru b ah
w u j u d ny a m e n j a di p a n a s. G a s y a n g d i h a s i l ka n d i t am p u n g l a l u d i d in g i n k an k e m b al i .
S y a r a t p e m i s a h an c a m p u r an p a d a s u b l i m as i a d a la h p a r t ik e l y a n g b e r c a m p u r h a r u s
m e mi l ik i p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h y an g b e sa r s e hi n gg a k i ta d a pa t m e ng h as i lk an u a p
d e ng a n t i ng ka t k e mu r ni a n y a ng t i ng gi . B e gi t up un s y ar a t s a mp e l u n tu k s u bl i ma s i
a d a l ah d e n ga n s i f a t k i m i a m u d a h m e n g ua p a g a r m u d a h p r o s es s u b l im a s i ny a . P a d a
p e r c o ba a n s u b l im a s i , P e mu r n i a n n a f t a le n d e n ga n m e n g gu n a k an p r o s es s u b li m a s id i k a r en a k an k a r e n a s i f a t n a f t al e n y a n g m u d a h m e n y u bl i m d a n m e r u p ak a n p a d a t a n
k r i s t a l y a n g t a k b e w a r n a .
R e ak s i d a ri n a f ta l en b er l a ng su n g d e ng a n s a ng a t c e pa t . H a l i n i d is e ba b ka n
z a t p a da t d a la m p r o se s s u bl i ma si m e n ga l am i p r os e s p e ru b ah a n l a ng su n g m e n ja d i
g as t an pa m el al ui f as e c ai r, k em ud ia n t er ko nd en s as i m en j ad i p ad at an a ta u
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k r i s ta l k e mb a l i. S e h in g g a d a l a m p r o s e s s u b l im a s i, n a f t a le n t i d a k b e r u b a h m e n j ad i
s e n y a wa l a i n , h a n y a b e u b ah b e n t u k ( f a s e) d a r i p a d a t k e g a s .
D a la m p e rc o ba a n s u bl i ma si t i da k d i la k uk an p e ng u ji a n t i tk l e le h . U n tu k
m e me s ti k an k r is t al n a ft a le n y a ng d i da p at y a it u d a ri b e nt u k K r is t al y a ng s e pe r ti
jarum (monok l i n) dan bentuk Kri s tal y ang di dapatk an l ebi h ti pi s dan jerni h dari pada
s ebel um s ubl mas i .
P e rc o ba a n y a ng d i la k uk a n d a la m p r ak ti k um k im i a o r ga n ik k al i i n i a d al a h
m e n ge n ai p e mi s ah a n d a n p e mu r ni a n z a t p a da t . P e mi s ah a n s e pe r ti i n i d i la k uk a n
b e rd a sa r ka n p e rb e da a n t i ti k l e le h d a ri d u a k o mp o ne n s e ny a wa y a ng d i pi s ah k an
s e r t a m e l a lu i r e k r is t a li s a s i d a n s u b l im a s i . S e b a g a i ma n a t u j u an d a r i p e r c o ba a n y a i tu
m e m i li h p e l a r ut y a n g s e s u ai u n t u k r e k r is t a li s a s i, m e n j e rn i h k an d a n m e n g hi l a n g ka n
w a r n a l a r u ta n , m e m is a h k an d a n m e m u r ni k a n c a m p u r a n d e n ga n r e k r is t a l is a s i.
N a ft a le n a a t au k a pu r b a ru s d i gu n ak an d a la m p r os e s s u bl i ma si . N af t al e n
y a ng m a si h d a la m b e nt u k k r is t al d ip a na s ka n h i ng ga m l ew a ti p e ru b ah a n f a sa n ya .
N a ft a le n m er u p ak a n s en y aw a y a ng s a ng a t m u da h m e ny u bl i m. N af t al e n m u da h
d i is ol a si k a r en a s e n ya w a i n i m e ny u bl i m d a ri l a ru ta n s e ba g ai s e rp i ha n k r is t al t i da k
b er w ar n a d en ga n t it ik l el eh 8 00C . S aa t d il ak uk an p em an as an s ec ar a s is te m
t e r i s ol a s i , n a f t a l e n m e n y u bl i m d e n g an m e n y i sa k a n k r i s t al y a n g m e n e m pe l d i d as a r
g l a s s w o o l b e r u p a j a r u m d a n p i p ih .
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G. Kesimpulan
1 . R e kr i st a li s as i a d al a h s u at u t e kn i k p e mi s ah a n z a t p a da t d a ri p e nc e ma r a nn y a
y a ng d i la k uk a n d e ng a n c a r a m e n gk r is t al k an k e mb a li z a t t e rs e bu t s e te l ah
d i l a ru t k a n d a l a m p e l a ru t y a n g s e s u a i .
2 . P r in s ip d a sa r d a ri r e kr i st al i sa s i a d al a h p e la r ut h a ny a d a pa t m e la r u tk an z a t
y a n g a k a n d i m ur n i k a n d a n t i d ak m e l ar u t k a n z a t p e n c em a r n y a.
3 . M e ta n o l p e l ar u t y a n g c o c o k b a gi a s am b e nz o at .
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ars y ad, M., Nats i r. 2001. KamusKimiaArti danPenjelasanIstilah. G r a m e d i a .
Jak arta.
M i sy e tt i . 2 0 06 . K aj i an I n st a bi l i ta s K i t K e ri n g R a di o fa r ma k a B e r ta n da T c D i ti n j auD a r i A s pe k K i mi a D a n F i si k a J u r na l S a in s d a n T e kn o lo g i N u kl i r I n do n e si aP u s a t T e k n o l og i N u k li r B a h a n d a n R a d io m e t ri B A T AN .Vol VII.
S e t y op r a t o mo , P u g u h. 2 0 0 3 . S tu d i E k s pe r i m e nt a l P e m u rn i a n G a r a mn a c l D e n g an
C a r a R e k r is t a l is a s i . J u r n al T e k n ik K i m ia .Vol.11, No.2.
S y u k r i . 1 9 9 9 . KimiaDasar3. I T B P r e s s . B a n d u n g .
W i l li a m s on . 1 9 9 9 . M a c r os c a l e a n d M i c r o sc a l e O r g a n i c E x p e r im e n t s. H o u g h to n M i f fl i n
C o m p an y , U S A .
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T U G AS S E T E L AH P R A KT I K U M
SOAL
1 . S eb ut ka n m in im al 5 t ah ap y an g h ar us d il ak uk an d en ga n p en ge rj aa n
rek ri s tal i s as i ?2 . S i fa t -s i fa t a p ak a h y a n g h a r us d i pu n y ai o l eh p e la r ut a g ar d a pa t d i gu n a ka n u n t uk
r e k r i st a l is a s i s u a t u s e n y aw a o r g a ni k t e r t en t u !
3 . A p a ka h k e u n t u n ga n p e m u r n ia n d e n g a n c a r a s u b l i m as i ?
4 . B a g ai m a n a ka h p r o s e s t e r j a di n y a s u b li m a si ?
JAWAB
1 . T a h a pa n p e n g e r ja a n r e k r i st a l is a s i
a . P e mi l ih a n s e n ya w a y a n g s e su a i
b . P e m i li h a n p e l a r ut y a n g s e s u a i d e n ga n p a d a ta n
c . P e ma n as a nd . P e ng h il a ng a n w ar n a
e . P e ny a r in g an
f . P e nd i ng i na n
g . P e nc u c ia n k r is t al
h . P e ni m ba n ga n
2 . S i f a t -s i f a t p e l ar u t u n t u k r e k r i s ta l i sa s i
a . T i d a k b e r ea k s i d e n g an z a t p a d a t y a n g a k a n d i r e k r i s ta l i s as i .
b . Z a t p a da t h a r us m e mp u ny ai k e la r u ta n t e rb a ta s ( s eb a ha g ia n ) a t au r e l at i f
t i d ak l a r u t d a l a m p e l a ru t , p a d a s u h u k a m a r d a n s u h u r e k r i st a l i sa s i .
c . T iti k di dih pe la ru t ti dak m el ebi hi ti ti k l el eh z at p ad at y an g ak an
di rek ri s tal i s as i .
3 . K e un t un g an p e mu r n ia n d e ng a n c a r a s u bl i ma si y a it u k i ta t i da k a k an k h aw a ti r
b a h w a s e n y a w a y a n g k i t a s u b l im a s i a k a n t e r k o nt a m i n as i d e n g a n z a t l a i n , k a r e n a
p ad a p ro se s s ub li ma si f as e z at l an gs un g m en ja di u ap y an g l an gs un g
d i k o nd e n s as i m e n j a di p a d at t a n p a m e l a l u i f a s e c a i r .
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4 . S ub li m as i d ap at t er j ad i a pa bi l a s en ya wa y an g d ig un a ka n m en gu a p d im an a
p r o s e s s u b l im a s i s e n d i r i a d a l a h p e r u b a h an z a t d a r i f a s e p a d a t l a n g su n g m e n j a d i
u ap d an u ap y an g d ih as il ka n l an gs un g d ik on de n sa si m en ja di p ad at t an pa
m e l a l u i f a s a c a i r .
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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KI MI A ORGANIK
PERCOBAAN
PEMISAHAN DAN PEMURNI AN ZAT CAIR
DESTI LASI DAN TITI K DI DIH
OLEH :
NAMA : I MADE SATRI A BI N AW A ALI T
NI M : F1F1 12135
KELAS : C
K ELOMP OK : I V
ASISTEN : RIFA ATUL MAHMUDAH
J URUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATI KA DAN I LMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNI VERSI TAS HALUOLEOKENDARI
2013
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PEMI SAHAN DAN PEMURNI AN ZAT CAI R
DESTI LASI DAN TITI K DIDI H
A. Tujuan Percobaan
Adapun tujuan dari percobaan i ni , y ai tu :
1 . M e m a ha m i p r i ns i p d e s ti l a s i.
2 . M e l a ku k a n d e s ti l a si u n t u k p e m i s a h an d a n p e m ur n i a n .
3 . M e m be d a k an s e n y a wa - s e ny a w a t e r s e bu t b e r d as a r k an s i f a t r e a k s i k i m i an y a ,
B. LANDASAN TEORI
D es ti la si a da la h s ua tu m et od e p em i sa ha n b ah an k im i a b er da sa r ka n
p er be da an k ec ep at an a ta u k em ud ah a n m en gu ap v ol at il it as b ah a n d en ga n
m e n g gu n a k an p a n a s s e b a g a i p e m i s ah a n d a l a m d e s t i l a si , c a m p u r an z a t d i d i di h k a n
s e hi n gg a m e ng u ap d a n u a p i n i k e mu di a n d i di n gi n ka n k e mb a li k e d a la m b e nt u k
c ai r an . Z at y an g m em il ik i t it ik d id ih l eb ih r en da h a ka n m en gu ap l eb ih d ah ul u.
D es ti la si m er u pa ka n s ua tu p er u ba ha n c ai ra n m en ja di u a p d an u ap t er s eb ut d i
d i ng i nk an k e mb a li m e n ja di c a ir a n . U n i t o p er a si d i st i la si m e ru p ak a n m e to d e y a ng
d i gu n ak a n u n tu k m e m is a hk a n k o mp o ne n -k o mp o ne n y a ng t e rd a pa t d a la m s u at u
l a r ut a n a t au c a mp ur a n d a n t e rg a nt u ng p a da d i st r ib u si k o mp o ne n -k o mp o ne n
t er s eb ut a nt ar a f a sa u ap d an f as a a ir . D es ti la si s ed er h an a a ta u d es ti la si b ia sa
a d al a h t e kn i k p e mi s ah a n k i mi a u n tu k m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n y a ng
m e m i li k i p e r b e d a an t i t i k d i d i h y a n g j a u h . S u a t u c a m p u r an d a p at d i p i sa h k a n d e n g a n
d e s ti l a s i b i a s a i n i u n t u k m e m p e r o le h s e n ya w a m u r n i ( W a l a n ga r e , 2 0 1 3 ) .
P a d a p r i n s i p n y a, d e s ti l a si a d a l ah p e n g ua p a n a t a u p e n ge m b u n an k e m ba l i u a p
y a n g d i p e r o l e h , p a d a t e k an a n d a n t e m p er a t u r t e r t e n t u . D e s t i l as i d i g un a k a n u n t u k
m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n z a t c a ir y a ng m e mi l ik i t i ti k d i di h b e rb e da .S i st e m d e st i la si i n i s e ca r a o t om a ti s a k an b e ke r ja s e su a i d e ng a n s e tt i ng p r o gr a m
( N u r h as a n a h, 2 0 1 0 )
M e to d e i n i t e rm a su k s e ba g ai u n i t o p er a s i k i mi a j e ni s p e mi n da h an m a ss a .
P e ne r ap a n p r os e s i n i d i da s ar a ka n p a da t e or i , b a hw a p a da s u at u l a r ut a n, m as i ng -
m a si n g k o mp on e n a k an m e n gu a p p a da t i ti k d i di h ny a . M o de l i d ea l p a da d e st i la s i
d i da s ar k a n p a d a H u k u m R o u l t, y ai t u : P A = P A . X A . M e t o de d e st i la s i y a n g u m u m
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d i g u na k a n d a l am p r o du k s i a d a l a h d e s t il a si a i r d a n d e s ti l a s i u a p - a i r . K a r e n a m e t o de
t e rs e bu t m e r up a ka n m e to d e y a ng s e de r h an a d a n m e mb u tu h ka n b i ay a y a ng l e bi h
r e nd ah j ik a d ib an di n gk an d en ga n d es ti la si u ap . N am u n b el u m a da p en e li ti an
t e nt a ng p e ng a ru h k e du a m e to d e d e st i la s i t e rs e bu t t e rh a da p h a s il y a ng d i be r ik a n
( Y u l ia r t o , 2 0 1 2 ) .
D i st i la si a d al a h s en i m em i sa h ka n d a n p e mu r n ia n d e ng a n m e ng gu n a ka n
p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h . D e st il as i m e mi l ik i s e ja r ah y a ng p a nj a ng d a n a s al d is t il a si
d ap at d it em u ka n d i z am an k un o u nt uk m en da pa tk an e ks tr a k t um bu h an y an g
d i pe r ki r ak a n d a pa t m e r up a ka n s u mb e r k eh i du pa n . T e kn i k d i st il a si d i ti n gk a tk a n
k e t i ka k o n d en s e r ( p e n di n g i n) d i p er k e n al k a n . G i n d a n w h i s ky , d e n ga n k o n s en t r a si
a l ko h ol y a ng t i ng gi , d i da p at k an d e n ga n t e kn i k y a ng d i se m pu r n ak an i n i. I s ol a si
s e ny a wa s i tr o n el a l d a ri m i ny a k s e re h d i la ku k an d e ng a n c a r a d e st i la s i f r ak s in a si
p e n g ur a n g a n t e k a n a n . H a s i l d e s ti l as i d i t a mp u n g k e d a l a m b e b e r a p a f r a k s i d e n ga n
m e n ga m at i p e ru b ah a n s u hu . S e te l ah i t u, d i la n ju t ka n d e ng a n p e ng u ku r a n i n de k s
b i a s d a n m a s sa j e n i s d e s t i l at ( M u t aq i n , 2 0 1 3 ) .
P e ma n as a n p a da s u h u y a n g s am a , z a t c a i r d e ng a n t i ti k d i di h l e bi h r e n da h
a k a n m e n g u a p l e b i h d a h ul u k a r e n a e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k an u n t u k b e r u b ah f a s a l e b i h
s ed ik it , s eh in gg a z at t er s eb ut t er di s ti la si p er ta ma k al i, d il an ju tk an d en ga n
k om po n en y an g t it ik d id ih ny a l eb ih t in gg i. U ap y an g t er be n tu k a ka n m en ga li r
m e l a lu i p i p a d i s t i l as i , k e m u d i a n d i k o n d e ns a s i a g a r s u h u n ya a g a r d i d ap a t z a t m u r n i
d e ng a n f a sa c a ir . D e st il as i s e de r ha n a i al a h , p r os es d i st i la si y a ng t i da k m e li b at k an
k o l o m f r a k s in a s i , a t a u p e m i s a h an z a t m u r n i d a r i z a t z a t v o l a t i l e d e n g a n p e r b e d aa n
t i ti k d i di h p a li n g s e di ki t 7 50C . P r os e s D i st i la s i m e r u p ak an s a la h s a tu c a r a u n tu k
m em is ah ka n k om po ne n d al am l ar u ta n y an g b er be nt uk c ai r a ta u g as d en ga n
m e n da s ar k an p a da p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h k o mp on e n y a ng a d a d i d a la m ny a . D a sa r
d a ri p e mi s ah a n d e ng a n d i st il a si a d al a h j i ka s u at u c a mp u ra n k o mp o ne n d iu a pk a n
m a k a k o m p o s is i p a d a f a s e u a p a k a n b e r b e d a d e n g a n f a s e c a i r n ya . U n t u k k o m p on e n
y an g m em il ik i t it ik d id ih l eb ih r en da h m ak a a ka n d id ap at ka n k om po si si y an g
c en de ru n g l eb ih b es ar p ad a f as e u a pn ya , u ap i ni d ie mb un ka n d an d id idi h ka n
k e mb a li s e ca r a b e rt i ng k at ti n gk a t m a ka a k an d i pe r o le h k o mp o si s i y a ng s e ma ki n
m u rn i p a da s a la h s a tu k o mp o ne n . P a da b e be r a pa c a mp u ra n k o mp on e n , u n tu k
k o mp o si s i, s u hu d a n t e ka n an t e rt e nt u t i da k m e me n uh i k e ce n de r un g an t e rs e bu t ,
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a r ti n ya j ik a c am pu r an t er s eb ut d id id ih ka n m ak a k om po si si f as e u ap ny a a ka n
m e mi l ik i k om p os is i y an g s a ma d e ng a n f a se c a ir n y a, k e ad a an i n i d is e bu t k o nd is i
a z eo t ro p , s e hi n gg a c a mp u ra n p a da k o nd i si i n i t i da k d a pa t d i pi s ah k an d e ng a n c a r a
d i s t il a s i b i a sa ( A b b as s a to , 2 0 0 7 ) .
F. ALAT DAN BAHAN
Al at y ang di gunak an dal am percobaan i ni adal ah s eperangk at al at
des ti l as i .
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E. Hasil Pengamatan
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F. PEMBAHASAN
D es ti la si a da la h s ua tu m et od e p em i sa ha n b ah an k im i a b er da sa r ka n
p er be da an k ec ep at an a ta u k em ud ah a n m en gu ap v ol at il it as b ah a n d en ga n
m e n g gu n a k an p a n a s s e b a g a i p e m i s ah a n d a l a m d e s t i l a si , c a m p u r an z a t d i d i di h k a n
s e hi n gg a m e ng u ap d a n u a p i n i k e mu di a n d i di n gi n ka n k e mb a li k e d a la m b e nt u k c a i r a n . Z a t y a n g m e m il i k i t i t i k d i d i h l e b i h r e n d a h a k a n m e n g u ap l e b i h d a h u lu .
P a d a p r i n s i p n y a, d e s ti l a si a d a l ah p e n g ua p a n a t a u p e n ge m b u n an k e m ba l i u a p
y a n g d i p e r o l e h , p a d a t e k an a n d a n t e m p er a t u r t e r t e n t u . D e s t i l as i d i g un a k a n u n t u k
m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n z a t c a ir y a ng m e mi l ik i t i ti k d i di h b e rb e da .
J e ni s -j e ni s d e st il a si y a it u ; ( 1) D e st i la s i s e de r ha n a, d a sa r p e mi s ah a nn y a a d al a h
p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h y a ng j a uh a t au d e ng a n s a la h s a tu k o mp o ne n b e rs i fa t v o la t il .
J i ka c a mp u r an d i pa n as ka n m a ka k o mp o ne n y a ng t i ti k d i di h n ya l e bi h r e n da h a k an
m e n gu a p l e bi h d a hu l u. S e la i n p e rb e da a n t i ti k d id i h, j ug a p e rb e da a n k e vo l at i la n ,
y a i t u k e c e n d e r un g a n s e b u ah s u b s te n s i u n t u k m e n j ad i g a s . D e s t i l a si i n i d i g un a k a n
p ad a t ek an a n a tm os f er s at u. A pl ik as i d es ti la si s ed er ha na d ig un ak an u n tu k
m em is ah ka n c am pu r an a ir d an a lk oh ol , ( 2) . D es ti la si F r ak si o ni sa si a da la h
m em is ah ka n k om po n en -k om po ne n c ai r, d ua a ta u l eb ih d ar i s ua tu l ar u ta n
b e rd a sr a ka n p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h ny a n a mu n p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h a n ta r z a tn y a
h a m pi r s a ma . S e wa k tu c a mp ur a n d i pa n as k an , k e du a z a t c a ir a k an m e ng u ap . A k an
t e t ea p i d e n g an t i t i k d i d i h l e b i h t i n gg i a k a n t e r k o n d en s a s i s e w a k tu m e l ew a t i k o l o m
a ta s. U ap e ta no l a ka n d id in gi nk an a ka n d ip er o le h e ta no l m ur n i. M et od e i n i
m e n gh a si l ka n t i ng k at k e mu r ni a n y a ng l e bi h t i ng gi , ( 3 ). D e st i la si u a p d i gu n a ka n
p a da c a mp u ra n s e n ya w a- s en y aw a y a ng m e mi li k i t i ti k d i di h m e nc a pa i 2 0 0 C a t au
l e b i h . S i f a t y a n g f u n d a m en t a l d a n d e s ti l a s i u a p a d a l a h d a p a t m e n d i s t i l as i c a m p ur a n
s e n y a wa d i b a w a h t i t i k d i d ih d a n m a s i n g - m as i n g s e n y a w a c a m p u r a n n y a. S e l a in i t u
d e st i la si u a p d a pa t d i gu n a ka n u n tu k c a mp u ra n y a ng t i da k l a ru t d a la m a i r d i s em u at e mp e ra t ur t e ta p i d a pa t d i de s ti l as i d e ng a n a i r. A p li k as i d a ri d e st il a si u a p a d al a h
u n tu k m e ng e ks t ra k b e be r ap a p r od u k a l am s e pe r t i m i ny a k e u ca l yp tu s d a ri p o ho n
e uc al yp tu s , m in ya k s it ru s d ar i l em o n, d an u n tu k e ks tr a ki m in ya k p ar f um d ar i
t um bu h an , ( 4) D es ti la si v ak um b ia sa ny a d ig un ak an j ik a s en ya wa y an g i ng in
d i de s ti l as i t i da k s t ab i l, d e ng a n p e ng e rt i an d a pa t t e rd e ko m po s is i s e be l um a t au
m en de ka ti t it ik d id ih n ya a ta u c am pu ra n y an g m ei li ki t it ik d id ih d i a ta s 1 50 C .
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M et od e d es ti la si i n i t id ak d ap at d ig un a ka n p ad a p el ar u t d en ga t it ik d id ih y an g
r e nd ah j ik a k on de ns or ny a m en gg un ak an a ir d in gi n k ar e na k om po ne n y an g
m e n g u ap t i d ak d a p at d i k o nd e n s as i o l e h a i r . U n t u k m e n g u r an g i t e k a na n d i gu n a k an
p o mp a v a ku m at a u a s pi r a to r . A s pi r a to r b e rf u n gs i s e ba g ai p e nu r un t e ka n an p a da
d e s ti l a s i i n i .
F a kt o r -f a kt or p e nt i ng y a ng m e mp e ng a ru h i k e ta j am a n p e mi s ah a n d a la m
p r o s e s d e s t i l as i a d a l ah p e r b ed a a n k o m p o s i si y a n g m u n g k i n a d a d i a n ta r a n y a c a i r a n
u a p p a da k e ad a an k e se i mb a ng a n, e f ek t iv i ta s k on t ak d a ri u a p d a n c a ir a n b i as a
d i n y at a k a n d a l a m p l a t t e o r i t i s, p e r b an d i n ga n k o n de n s a t y a n g k e m b al i k e a r ah k o l o m
f r a k si n a si a t a u r e f l u k s r a t i o , d a n k e c e pa t a n u a p y a n g n a i k k e k o l o m a t a u k e c e p a ta n
a l i r a n d e s ti l a t .
H. KESI MPULAN
B e r d as a r k an p e r c o ba a n y a n g d i l a k u k an d i p e r ol e h k e s im p u l an b a h w a :
3 . P a d a p r i n s i p n ya , d e s ti l a si a d a l ah p e n g ua p a n a t a u p e n g em b u n a n k e m b a l i u a p
y a ng d i pe r o le h , p a da t e ka n an d a n t e mp e ra t ur t er t en t u. D e st il a si d i gu n ak a n
u n tu k m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n z a t c a ir y a ng m e mi li k i t i ti k d i di h
berbeda.
4 . D is ti la si a da la h s en i m em is ah ka n d an p em ur ni an d en ga n m en gg un ak an
p e r b ed a a n t i t i k d i d i h .
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abas s ato. 2007. Efi s i ens i k ol om s i ev e tray pada des ti l as i y ang mengandung ti gak o m p o ne n ( A c e to n - A l ko h o l- A i r ). J u r n a l s e m i n a r N a s i om a l T e k no i n .
N u r h a sa n a h , S i t i . 2 0 1 0 . P e m is a h a n E u g a n o l d a r i M i n y ak C e n gk e h d e n g a n C a r a
D e s t i la s i F r a k si n a s i. J u r n al k i m i a. Vol.1, No.1
Yul i arto, Fuk i Tri .. 2012 Pengaruh Uk uran Bahan Dan Metode Des ti l as i (Des ti l as i Ai r
D a n D e st i la s i U a p- A ir ) T e r ha d ap K u al i ta s M i ny ak A t si r i K u li t K a yu M a ni s .
Tek nos ai ns Pangan.Vol. 1, No. 1.
W al an ga r e. 2 01 3 . . Ra nc an g B an gu n A la t K on ve r si A ir L au t M en ja di A ir M in um
D e n g a n P r o s e s D e s t il a s i S e d e r h a n a M e n gg u n a k an P e m a na s E l e k tr i k . J u r n al
T e k n i k E l e k t r o d a n K o m pu t e r .
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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KI MI A ORGANIK
PERCOBAAN
PENENTUAN KADAR AI R DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE
DEAN STARK
OLEH :
NAM A : I M ADE S ATRI A B I NAWA ALI T
NI M : F1F1 12135
KELAS : C
KELOMPOK : I V
ASI STEN : AGUNG WI BAWA MAHATVA YODHA, S.si
J URUSAN FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATI KA DAN I LMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNI VERSI TAS HALUOLEOKENDARI
2013
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PEMI SAHAN DAN PEMURNI AN ZAT CAI R
DESTI LASI DAN TITI K DIDI H
B. Tujuan Percobaan
Adapun tujuan dari percobaan i ni , y ai tu :
1 . M e m a ha m i p r i ns i p d e s ti l a s i.
2 . M e l a ku k a n d e s ti l a si u n t u k p e m i s a h an d a n p e m ur n i a n .
3 . M e m be d a k an s e n y a wa - s e ny a w a t e r s e bu t b e r d as a r k an s i f a t r e a k s i k i m i an y a ,
B. LANDASAN TEORI
D es ti la si a da la h s ua tu m et od e p em i sa ha n b ah an k im i a b er da sa r ka n
p er be da an k ec ep at an a ta u k em ud ah a n m en gu ap v ol at il it as b ah a n d en ga n
m e n g gu n a k an p a n a s s e b a g a i p e m i s ah a n d a l a m d e s t i l a si , c a m p u r an z a t d i d i di h k a n
s e hi n gg a m e ng u ap d a n u a p i n i k e mu di a n d i di n gi n ka n k e mb a li k e d a la m b e nt u k
c ai r an . Z at y an g m em il ik i t it ik d id ih l eb ih r en da h a ka n m en gu ap l eb ih d ah ul u.
D es ti la si m er u pa ka n s ua tu p er u ba ha n c ai ra n m en ja di u a p d an u ap t er s eb ut d i
d i ng i nk an k e mb a li m e n ja di c a ir a n . U n i t o p er a si d i st i la si m e ru p ak a n m e to d e y a ng
d i gu n ak a n u n tu k m e m is a hk a n k o mp o ne n -k o mp o ne n y a ng t e rd a pa t d a la m s u at u
l a r ut a n a t au c a mp ur a n d a n t e rg a nt u ng p a da d i st r ib u si k o mp o ne n -k o mp o ne n
t er s eb ut a nt ar a f a sa u ap d an f as a a ir . D es ti la si s ed er h an a a ta u d es ti la si b ia sa
a d al a h t e kn i k p e mi s ah a n k i mi a u n tu k m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n y a ng
m e m i li k i p e r b e d a an t i t i k d i d i h y a n g j a u h . S u a t u c a m p u r an d a p at d i p i sa h k a n d e n g a n
d e s ti l a s i b i a s a i n i u n t u k m e m p e r o le h s e n ya w a m u r n i ( W a l a n ga r e , 2 0 1 3 ) .
P a d a p r i n s i p n y a, d e s ti l a si a d a l ah p e n g ua p a n a t a u p e n ge m b u n an k e m ba l i u a p
y a n g d i p e r o l e h , p a d a t e k an a n d a n t e m p er a t u r t e r t e n t u . D e s t i l as i d i g un a k a n u n t u k
m e mi s ah k an d u a a t au l e bi h k o mp o ne n z a t c a ir y a ng m e mi l ik i t i ti k d i di h b e rb e da .S i st e m d e st i la si i n i s e ca r a o t om a ti s a k an b e ke r ja s e su a i d e ng a n s e tt i ng p r o gr a m
( N u r h as a n a h, 2 0 1 0 )
M e to d e i n i t e rm a su k s e ba g ai u n i t o p er a s i k i mi a j e ni s p e mi n da h an m a ss a .
P e ne r ap a n p r os e s i n i d i da s ar a ka n p a da t e or i , b a hw a p a da s u at u l a r ut a n, m as i ng -
m a si n g k o mp on e n a k an m e n gu a p p a da t i ti k d i di h ny a . M o de l i d ea l p a da d e st i la s i
d i da s ar k a n p a d a H u k u m R o u l t, y ai t u : P A = P A . X A . M e t o de d e st i la s i y a n g u m u m
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d i g u na k a n d a l am p r o du k s i a d a l a h d e s t il a si a i r d a n d e s ti l a s i u a p - a i r . K a r e n a m e t o de
t e rs e bu t m e r up a ka n m e to d e y a ng s e de r h an a d a n m e mb u tu h ka n b i ay a y a ng l e bi h
r e nd ah j ik a d ib an di n gk an d en ga n d es ti la si u ap . N am u n b el u m a da p en e li ti an
t e nt a ng p e ng a ru h k e du a m e to d e d e st i la s i t e rs e bu t t e rh a da p h a s il y a ng d i be r ik a n
( Y u l ia r t o , 2 0 1 2 ) .
D i st i la si a d al a h s en i m em i sa h ka n d a n p e mu r n ia n d e ng a n m e ng gu n a ka n
p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h . D e st il as i m e mi l ik i s e ja r ah y a ng p a nj a ng d a n a s al d is t il a si
d ap at d it em u ka n d i z am an k un o u nt uk m en da pa tk an e ks tr a k t um bu h an y an g
d i pe r ki r ak a n d a pa t m e r up a ka n s u mb e r k eh i du pa n . T e kn i k d i st il a si d i ti n gk a tk a n
k e t i ka k o n d en s e r ( p e n di n g i n) d i p er k e n al k a n . G i n d a n w h i s ky , d e n ga n k o n s en t r a si
a l ko h ol y a ng t i ng gi , d i da p at k an d e n ga n t e kn i k y a ng d i se m pu r n ak an i n i. I s ol a si
s e ny a wa s i tr o n el a l d a ri m i ny a k s e re h d i la ku k an d e ng a n c a r a d e st i la s i f r ak s in a si
p e n g ur a n g a n t e k a n a n . H a s i l d e s ti l as i d i t a mp u n g k e d a l a m b e b e r a p a f r a k s i d e n ga n
m e n ga m at i p e ru b ah a n s u hu . S e te l ah i t u, d i la n ju t ka n d e ng a n p e ng u ku r a n i n de k s
b i a s d a n m a s sa j e n i s d e s t i l at ( M u t aq i n , 2 0 1 3 ) .
P e ma n as a n p a da s u h u y a n g s am a , z a t c a i r d e ng a n t i ti k d i di h l e bi h r e n da h
a k a n m e n g u a p l e b i h d a h ul u k a r e n a e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k an u n t u k b e r u b ah f a s a l e b i h
s ed ik it , s eh in gg a z at t er s eb ut t er di s ti la si p er ta ma k al i, d il an ju tk an d en ga n
k om po n en y an g t it ik d id ih ny a l eb ih t in gg i. U ap y an g t er be n tu k a ka n m en ga li r
m e l a lu i p i p a d i s t i l as i , k e m u d i a n d i k o n d e ns a s i a g a r s u h u n ya a g a r d i d ap a t z a t m u r n i
d e ng a n f a sa c a ir . D e st il as i s e de r ha n a i al a h , p r os es d i st i la si y a ng t i da k m e li b at k an
k o l o m f r a k s in a s i , a t a u p e m i s a h an z a t m u r n i d a r i z a t z a t v o l a t i l e d e n g a n p e r b e d aa n
t i ti k d i di h p a li n g s e di ki t 7 50C . P r os e s D i st i la s i m e r u p ak an s a la h s a tu c a r a u n tu k
m em is ah ka n k om po ne n d al am l ar u ta n y an g b er be nt uk c ai r a ta u g as d en ga n
m e n da s ar k an p a da p e rb e da a n t i ti k d i di h k o mp on e n y a ng a d a d i d a la m ny a . D a sa r
d a ri p e mi s ah a n d e ng a n d i st il a si a d al a h j i ka s u at u c a mp u ra n k o mp o ne n d iu a pk a n
m a k a k o m p o s is i p a d a f a s e u a p a k a n b e r b e d a d e n g a n f a s e c a i r n ya . U n t u k k o m p on e n
y an g m em il ik i t it ik d id ih l eb ih r en da h m ak a a ka n d id ap at ka n k om po si si y an g
c en de ru n g l eb ih b es ar p ad a f as e u a pn ya , u ap i ni d ie mb un ka n d an d id idi h ka n
k e mb a li s e ca r a b e rt i ng k at ti n gk a t m a ka a k an d i pe r o le h k o mp o si s i y a ng s e ma ki n
m u rn i p a da s a la h s a tu k o mp o ne n . P a da b e be r a pa c a mp u ra n k o mp on e n , u n tu k
k o mp o si s i, s u hu d a n t e ka n an t e rt e nt u t i da k m e me n uh i k e ce n de r un g an t e rs e bu t ,
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a r ti n ya j ik a c am pu r an t er s eb ut d id id ih ka n m ak a k om po si si f as e u ap ny a a ka n
m e mi l ik i k om p os is i y an g s a ma d e ng a n f a se c a ir n y a, k e ad a an i n i d is e bu t k o nd is i
a z eo t ro p , s e hi n gg a c a mp u ra n p a da k o nd i si i n i t i da k d a pa t d i pi s ah k an d e ng a n c a r a
d i s t il a s i b i a sa ( A b b as s a to , 2 0 0 7 ) .
G. ALAT DAN BAHAN
1 . A la t
Al at y ang di gunak an dal am percobaan i ni adal ah :
- L ab u bu la t
- Pe ma na s
- G e l a s u k u r S e p e r an g k a t a l a t d e a n s t a r k
- Pi s au
- Batang pengaduk
- Bl ender
- El ek tromantel
2 . B ah an
- T ol uen a
- S am pe l/ bu ah t om at
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H. PROSEDUR KERJ A
1 . R a n gk a ia n A l at D e a n S t ar k
- Di rangk ai
- Di gambar
2 . P e r l a ku a n p a d a S a m p e l
- Di hal us k an
- D i t i m ba n g 50 g r a m
- D im as uk ka n d al am l ab u a la s b ul at p ad a
r a n g k ai a n a l a t d e a n s t a r k
- D i t a mb a h 3 0 mL t o l u en a
- D i p a na s k an s a m pa i m e n gh a s i lk a n c a i r a n ( a i r
d a n t o l u e n a ) p a d a a l a t d e a n s t a r k
- D i u k ur v o l u m e a i r y a n g d ih a s il k a n
- D i h i tu n g k a da r a i r t o m at
Al at dean s tark
Tomat
Tomat halus
5 0 g r t o m a t + 3 0 m L t o l u en a d a l a m r a n g k ai a n d e a n s t a r k
K a d a r a i r t o m a t = 1 5 , 2 %
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I . HASI L PENGAMATAN
1 . G a mb a r a la t d ea n s t ar k
Keterangan:
1 . A l ir a n a i r k e lu a r : b e r f un g si u n t u k t e mp a t k el u ar n y a a ir
2 . K on de ns or : b er fu ng si s eb ag ai p en di ng in u ap
3 . A l ir a n a i r m a su k : b e r f un g si u n t u k t e mp a t m as u kn y a a ir
4 . D ea n s ta rk : b er fu ngs i p en gu hu bu ng s am pe l, k on de ns or , d a n
des ti l at
5 . Cil er : ber fu ngsi men dingi nk an air
6 . L a bu a l a s b u l at : b e r f un g si s e b a ga i t e m pa t p e ny i mp a na n s a m pe l
7 . Ho tpl at e : be rf un gs i u ntu k m en di di hk an s am pe l s ehin gga
s a m p el d a p a t m e n g u ap
8 . G el as u ku r : b er f un gs i u n tu k m en gu ku r v ol um e d es ti la t
9 . S t at i f da n k le m : b er f u ng si u n tu k m en o pa n g al a t
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2 . P e rh i tu n ga n
Mas s a tomat : 250 gr am
V tol uena : 350 mL
V ai r : 38 mL
Mas s a jen is ai r : 1 gr /m L
Mas s a ai r : 38 m L x 1 gr /mL
: 3 8 g r
% kadar ai r : %100xtomatmassa
airmassa
: %100250
38x
gram
gram= 1 5 , 2 %
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F. PEMBAHASAN
D e st i la si a d al a h s u at u m e to d e p e mi s ah a n b a ha n k i mi a b e rd a sa r ka n
p e rb e da a n k e ce p at a n a t au k e mu d ah a n m e ng ua p v o la t il i ta s b a ha n d e ng a n
m en gg un ak an p an a s s eb ag ai p em is ah an d al am d es ti la si , c am pu ra n z at
d i di d ih k an s e h in g ga m e ng u ap d a n u a p i n i k e mu d ia n d i di n gi n ka n k e mb a li k ed a la m b e nt u k c a ir a n . Z a t y a ng m e mi l ik i t i ti k d i di h l e bi h r e n da h a k an m e ng u ap
l e b i h d a h u lu .
Al at Dean Stark merupak an al at y ang di gunak an untuk menampung
d e st i la t y a ng t e rd ir i d a ri d u a l a p i s an y a ng t i da k b er c a mp u r s a tu s a ma l a in . A la t
i n i b i as a d i gu n ak a n p a da d e st i la s i y a ng m e n gh a si l ka n a ir , j i ka s am p el y a ng
a ka n