Ian Rice

Network Management 44049

May 4th, 2009

As of October 2008

As of April 2009

Address

• 128-bit long. 4x larger that IPv4

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses

• Standard completed in 1996

• 9 of the 13 root servers have IPv6 root glue

Computers that are IPv6 capable

• Mac OS- 2.44%

• Linux - 0.93%

• Vista - 0.32%

• XP - 0.03%

Backwards compatibility

• In order to aid the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, current IPv4 address are being embedded into IPv6 address in a way that allows them to be recognized as IPv4 addresses by IPv6 devices.

IPv4-compatible IPv6 address

• Two types of addressing schemes to accommodate IPv4– All zeros until the last 32 bits for devices

capable of both IPv4 & IPv6 aka IPv6 aware

IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses

• First 80 bits are zeros followed by 16 ones (FFFF) means that the devices whose IP address has been mapped is incapable of IPv6

Reserved Addresses• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1• Anycast

• Link-Local

• Multicast

Interface ID

• Takes the MAC address and splits into 3-byte half's and between them insets ‘FFFE’ and flipping the 7th bit of the first byte to a binary 1 in order to fulfill the 64-bit interface.

What’s New…

• Neighbor Discovery (ND) Protocol – Link-layer addresses

• Hop Limit

• Jumbogram– 4.294967295 GB

• Stateless address autoconfiguration – Uses ICMPv6 discovery Message– Or stateful configuration using DHCPv6

Neighbor Discovery

• To determine neighbors known to reside on attached links and purge invalid values

• Also aids in finding routers

• Keep tables of reachable/unreachable neighbors and to determine any changed link-layer addresses

• Actively searches for alternatives if failure occurs

Options

• "Google: more Macs mean higher IPv6 usage in US - Ars Technica." Ars Technica. 4 May 2009 <http://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2008/11/google-more-macs-mean-higher-ipv6-usage-in-us.ars>.

• "IPv6 Address Types." Technical documentation. 4 May 2009 <http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90824/ch02s03.html>.

• Morr, Derek. "Living with IPv6." Living with IPv6. 29 Apr. 2009. 4 May 2009 <https://blogs.psu.edu/mt4/mt-search.cgi?IncludeBlogs=115&search=ipv4>.

• "RFC 2373 - IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture." IETF Tools. 4 May 2009 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2373>.

• "RFC 2461 (rfc2461) - Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)." Internet RFC/FYI/STD/BCP Archives. 4 May 2009 <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2461.html>.

• "RFC 2675 (rfc2675) - IPv6 Jumbograms." Internet RFC/FYI/STD/BCP Archives. 4 May 2009 <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2675.html>.

• "The TCP/IP Guide - IPv6/IPv4 Address Embedding." Welcome to The TCP/IP Guide!. 4 May 2009 <http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6IPv4AddressEmbedding-2.htm>.

• Vegoda, Leo. "IPv6 Deployment - Global Perspective." IANA. 13 Oct. 2008. 4 May 2009 <www.iana.org/about/presentations/vegoda-dakar-ipv6-081013.pdf>.

• "WHAT'S IPv6?." Information Services: University of Oregon. 4 May 2009 <http://cc.uoregon.edu/cnews/spring2001/whatsipv6.html>.

• "What is network discovery? - Windows Vista Help." Windows Vista Help and How-to. 4 May 2009 <http://windowshelp.microsoft.com/Windows/en-us/help/0e5f2e0c-9906-4518-b7c7-d3632105dcad1033.mspx>.