ICT Access & e-Government

ICT Access & e-Government

Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD)

ESCAP-Funded by KECF-

UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul

Table of Contents

� Objectives and expected outcomes of

the roundtable

� ESCAP overview

� Regional overview on ICT for

Development

� ICT to address Health- and Poverty-

related MDGs

� Overview of KECF project


Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable

Identify the capacity building needs of policy makers and implementers in the area of ICT and governance;

Identify the information, product and service needs of member states and gaps exists to promote inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development;

Provide guidance on various legislative/policy issues and options;

Provide a platform to find out solutions to the existing problems and constraints;


Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable (cont.)

Raise awareness on recent developments in the use of ICT;

Establish a network among participants (networking tool);

Partnership building

Provide guidance to ESCAP for its future activities;

Finally, to generate invaluable comments, inputs, views to further develop our programme of work and improve our service to our clients


United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP overview


ESCAP Regional development arm of the United Nations

Serves as the main economic and social

development centre for the United Nations in Asia-

Pacific

Provides the strategic link between global and

country-level programmes and issues

Supports Governments of countries in the region in

consolidating regional positions to approach regional

and global challenges

HQ located in Bangkok, Thailand


ESCAP Conference Structure

Eight committees (July 2008)- from

three committees

Committees under the Information

and Communications Technology

and Disaster Risk Reduction (IDD);

Information and Communications

Technology (CICT)

Disaster Risk Reduction (CDRR)


Committee on ICT

Issues to be addressed:

Integration of ICT-related issues in

development policies, plans and

programmes

Transfer of ICT applications at the regional

and subregional levels

Development of human and institutional

capacity in the use of ICT

ICT applications for disaster risk reduction


IDD: Subprogramme Objectives…

Increase sharing of knowledge among ESCAP member

States on policy options, strategies and best practices for

ICT connectivity and for integrating multi-hazard disaster

risk reduction into national development plan and

programmes;

Strengthen regional cooperative mechanisms in support

of ICT connectivity and disaster risk management;

Improve capabilities of member States in the field of multi-

hazard assessment, preparedness, early warning and

response to disaster risks;

Improve institutional capacity of ESCAP member States to

apply ICT for socio-economic development.


ESCAP ICT StrategyEconomic Connectivity:Economic Connectivity: ICT applications for trade and

transport development and facilitation

Social Connectivity:Social Connectivity: Promotion ICT and its tools to achieve

IADG

Pacific Connectivity:Pacific Connectivity: connect the unconnected and

islands

ICT for DRR:ICT for DRR: effective integration of ICT applications with

other information technologies for effective disaster

management

Regional cooperationRegional cooperation for socio-economic development oriented ICT applications

Innovation in ICT applicationsInnovation in ICT applications and facilities

ICT capacity buildingICT capacity building through the Asian and Pacific Training Centre for ICT for Development (APCICT)


Regional Overview:

ICT for Inclusive and

Sustainable Socio-economic

Development



Mobile Technology

Mobile networks are expanding rapidly among

LDCs, especially LLDCs, with over 100% growth

between 2003-2008

SIDS generally show slower growth than the rest

Mobile communication is the predominant

means for communication among LDCs


Figure: Penetration of mobile phones in selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region

Penetration of mobile phones (selected countries)-2008


Internet

• The lowest Internet subscriber number found in South and South-West Asia with 8.6 per 100 populations with the highest average CAGR of 27.8%

• The highest number, 44.2, is found in the Pacific (including Australia and New Zealand), with negative growth between (-0.4%)

• ESCAP average in 2008 is 17.4

• LDC average is 0.6


Broadband Internet per 100 populations

Country/Name 2003 2008 CAGR(%)

Republic of Korea 23.701 32.1 6.3

Japan 11.722 23.7 15.1

Singapore 10.041 21.7 16.7

Malaysia 0.447 4.8 60.9

Kazakhstan 0.007 3.6 252.7

Cambodia 0.003 0.1 80.9

Viet Nam 0.011 1.5 165.7

Azerbaijan 0.005 0.7 169.7

India 0.013 0.4 103.5

Iran (Islamic Rep.) 0.001 0.4 232.2


Broadband subscription: overview

The most obvious digital divide appears in the

number of broadband usage

Negative correlation between decline in fixed

telephone lines and growth in broadband

subscription

Some countries are catching up rapidly

ESCAP average is 3.9 per 100 populations

South and South-West Asia: rapid growth (99.1%)

but still low number (0.67)


� Af ghanistan� Bangladesh� Bhutan� India� Iran(Islamic Rep)

� Maldiv es� Nepal� Pakistan� Sri Lanka

country

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

ICTAccess

0.000

0.250

0.500

0.750

1.000

eGovt

��

��

�

�

�

�

EGov t vs ICT Access, 2008 Index

South-Asia


� Brunei Darussalam� Cambodia� Indonesia� Lao PDR

� Malay sia� Myanmar� Philippines� Singapore

� Thailand� Timor-Letse� Viet Nam

country

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

ICTAccess

0.000

0.250

0.500

0.750

1.000

eGo

vt

�

�

�

�

�

�

�

�

�

�

�

EGov t vs ICT Access, 2008 Index

South-East Asia


Where should we go from here

MDGs and WSIS goals: ICT access would be fundamental

in achieving them

Capitalizing on exponential mobile growth -> more poor

and vulnerable people getting communications means

for the first time

Development of information and communications

infrastructure, the foundation of ICT applications, relies on

private and public financing

Private sector accounts for heavy capital input for

infrastructure and network development.

Broadband and mobile communications are driving

economic growth in developing countries


ICT to address Health- and

Poverty-related MDGs

(Millennium Development Goals)


E-Government for the MDGs

E-government is a powerful tool for achieving

the MDGs

Increasing efficiency and effectiveness of public

administration

Expanding reach and speed of public services

delivery

Using technology to reach the underserved

(examples: mobile financial services and mobile

health )

“To do more with less resources”


The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) – Selected Indicators



•By 2010, the Asia-Pacific region will have close to 53 million international migrants – one quarter of the world’s migrants.

Migration, Remittances and an Inclusive financial System

International remmittances as % of GDP, 2008

50

38

28 2622

11 11

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Tajik

ista

n

Tonga

Kyrgy

z Repub

lic

Sam

oa

Nepal

Bangl

adesh

Philipp

ines

•Remittances are often spent on household expenses and basic subsistence needs (food, clothing, health and payment of debts)


Part of the solution: Mobile financial services

More than 1 billion people in emerging markets do not

have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.

It is estimated that the use of mobile phone to transfer

remittances may exceed 1/2 a billion people by 2014.

Examples of companies providing mobile financial

services in developing countries:

M-Paisa in Fiji; Easypaisa in Pakistan; EKO/SBI, ICICI, and

Nokia - Obopay in India; WING Money in Cambodia,

Grameen - Obopay in Bangladesh, Smart

Communication and Globe Telecom in the Philippines,

etc.





Part of the solution: Mobile Health

M-Health: Using mobile communications - such as

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones - for

health services and information. Potentials:

Healthcare workers to provide real-time diagnoses and

accurate health information in rural as well as

marginalized areas where no health services exist

Remote diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation

Improving quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of

care

Tracking of diseases and monitoring of populations at risk

Coordinating response to disease events and natural

disasters.


Capacity-building


Tele-consulting and emergency assistance


Public Awareness


Data Collection and Early Warning


Where should we go from here?

Establish effective and efficient ICT regulation

Increasing awareness to develop and adopt mobile applications, for example: mobile financial services, and m-health.

Ensure development of the required infrastructure

Provide a framework for the provision of electronic services and development of applications, i.e. mobile remittances, mobile banking, and mobile health.

Define guidelines and standards for mobile applications including: interoperability, quality of service, customer protection, confidentiality, logical and physical security of transactions and infrastructure.

Develop skills among government officials, business sector and end users.


Overview

of the KECF projectStrengthening ICT policies & applications to

achieve MDG & WSIS goals in Asia & the

Pacific


Introduction of KECF project

KECF : Korea-ESCAP Co-operation Fund

$ 12.4 million, 184 projects (1987~2010)

KECF project on ICT (May 2009~May 2011)

Strengthening ICT policies & applications to achieve MDG &

WSIS goals in Asia & the Pacific

Goal

- Expand ICT access in the under-serviced areas of the

LDC, LLDC and SIDS for development-oriented ICT

applications


Overview of KECF project

1. sub-Regional Workshops (Oct. 2009)

�� Analysis revealed

� emerging trends- phenomenal growth of mobile

- substitution effect (fixed vs. mobile)

� characteristics & different

pattern of growth in ICT access

�� Cooperation

� policy & decision makers of LDC,

LLDC & SIDS (49 participants)

� share experience & practices

�� South & Central Asia,

South-East Asia & the Pacific

�� Analysis on

� Current Status of ICT access

� Technological, policy & regulatory

options to expand ICT access

�� Studies to link

� findings & discussion outcomes to- information dissemination & applications

- policy recommendations & options



2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)

Results of the previous sub-regional workshops

: Telecommunications Regulation Report in the Asia Pacific

Region

(David Butcher)�� Aims to

� identify possible regulatory reforms among member countries

�� Studies

� regulation structure (monopoly ~ competitive) & issues

� how to bridge the digital divide

�� Asian Experience

� changes in ICT trends

� in-depth Analysis on 6 countries & other examples




�� Summary of conclusions (1/3)

�� Competitive Regulation

� effective to reduce price, improve services & expand coverage

� functional separation of policy, regulation,

biz management and ownership

� defined legal mandate for the regulator & transparency

� treatment of all networks equally (non-discriminatory regulation),

technology-neutral license (horizontal regulation) can

- increase participation of new service providers

- enable convergence of wide services onto same infrastructure





� Behavioral vs. Structural Regulation

� behavioral regulation (ex. Price control, standards & quality of

service approval) is technology specific

� structural regulation is technology neutral

so that it facilitates commercial & technological innovation

� competition is more effective than price setting approach

to reduce price & increase access to network





� Bridging the Digital Divide

�Malaysia, South Korea, Australia have promoted government

led initiatives to speed the digital divide

� but, for most countries in the region this is not possible

� Hoppe’s law : “Any network facing competition will expand”

- intensive competition from wireless alternatives

- need to encourage infrastructure & facilities sharing

� non-discrimination (ex. Geographically), fair & clear process

achieve good outcomes



3. Concluding meeting (Nov. 2010)

2. Round 2. Round Table Table

1. Regional 1. Regional WorkshopWorkshop

�� In conjunction with 2nd session of

CICT (committee on ICT)

�� In this committee

� present the findings of studies &

in-depth gap

� discuss on policy options for

implementation at the national level &

regional cooperation

� introduce platform for network

among policy & decision makers

3. Concluding3. Concludingmeeting meeting


Introduction of KECF project

Thank you kindly…

More information available from;

http://www.unescap.org/idd/

Documents

ICT Access & e-Government