Objectives: 1.  Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope and

explain the role of Eleanor Roosevelt. 2.  Identify key New Deal personnel, and explain why the New Deal

faltered. 3.  Describe the Second New Deal and how the voters responded to it in

the 1936 election. Main Idea: President F. Roosevelt sought to end the Depression through the programs

of the New Deal.

• InPresidentRoosevelt’s0irsthundreddays,hepushedCongresstopassprogramstoproviderelief,recovery,andreform.• Firstheclosedallbanksandorderedthegovernmenttoinspecttheir0inancialhealth,twothirdsofthebanksreopenedinlessthantwoweeks.• CongresspassedtheEmergencyBankingActandcreatedtheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(FDIC)toinsuredepositsupto$5,000.

• Thepublicworksprogramscreatedmoregovernmentjobs.• Theunemployedweregivenjobsbuildingorimprovingroads,parks,airports,andgovernmentbuildings.• Over2.5millionsinglemenweregivenjobstoprotecttheenvironmentworkinginforests,beaches,parks,orrestorationprojects.

• Rooseveltthenturnedhisattentiontobusiness,farmers,andsavinghomes.• Forbusiness,alawwaspassedtobolsterindustrialprices,aminimumwagewassetforworkers,andunionscouldusecollectivebargaining.• ThePublicWorksAdministrationbeganbuildingdamsandbridgesallacrossthecountry,aNewDealsuccess.• Governmentalsobegantoregulatethestockmarket.• Homeswerere0inancedformiddle‐incomehomeownersandfarmerswerepaidbythegovernmentnottoplantcertaincropsorraisecertainanimals.ThisupsetmanyAmericanswhowantedtohelphungryAmericans.

• TheTVAcreatedhydroelectricpower,0loodcontrol,andrecreationfortheentireTennesseeRivervalley.• TheU.S.SupremeCourtfoundmanysuccessfulNewDealprogramsunconstitutional(NIRA&AAASubsidies).FDRwasforcedtoreassessthenationandstartasecondNewDeal.

  ThesecondNewDealwasaresponsetocriticsofthe0irstNewDeal.

  Governmentcontinuedcreatingjobsbybuildingplaygroundsandimprovingschoolsandhospitals.

  Toaidfarmers,governmentloanedmoneytosmallfarmers,tenantfarmers,sharecroppers,andtofarmerstosetupcampsformigrantworkers.

  Unionsweremadestrongerbyusingcollectivebargainingandminimumwage,andbyoutlawingblacklistingandspyingonunionactivities.

• TheSocialSecurityActwaspassedin1935.Itcreatedpensionsforretiredworkers,survivorbene0itsforvictimsofworkaccidents,unemploymentinsurance,andaidedthephysicallydisabled.BothemployersandemployeespaidintoSocialSecuritytorunthesystem.• Inthe1936presidentialelection,FDRsetthemodernelectoralcollegerecord523–8andreceivedover61%ofthepopularvote.VoterssupportedFDRandtheNewDeal.