Professor Arun S. Mujumdar Department of Bioresource Engineering

Macdonald College, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada And

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering KMUTT, Thailand

August 24-27, 2014 Venue: Lyon, France

IDS2014 Plenary lecture Perspectives on International Drying Symposium

Series - Past, Present and Future Prospects

Conferences on Drying Technology

Montreal (3) Birmingham

Kyoto

Boston Prague Versailles

Gold Coast

Beijing Noordwijkerhout Kraków

Thessaloniki Sao Paulo

Bali Penang

Bangkok (2)

Sao Paolo

Montreal

Veracruz

Kolkata Trondheim

Copenhagen Karlstad

Mumbai (8)

Budapest

IDS ADC NDC IADC IWSID/WFCFD

Hyderabad

Iceland Tianjin

Hong Kong

Xiamen

Magdeburg

Lyon

• Significant rise in technical literature- first in 1980 and then again in 1995

• Developing world seems to have boosted Drying R&D output

• Energy, environmental issues, product quality, safety, costs etc are key drivers

• More evolutionary (incremental) innovations rather than radical(revolutionary) innovations are preferred by industry

• Food/Agro industries seem to dominate drying R&D • Developed countries : 10-20% of national industrial

energy consumption attributed to thermal drying • Drying is important part of the nexus of food and

energy. Role in climate change still not quantified!

Drying R&D

• Nearly explosive growth since 1978 (IDS series started at McGill University, Montreal)

• Numerous international, regional and national conferences being held regularly

• Drying Technology – An International Journal initiated publication in 1982

• Over 3000 papers presented at IDS alone • Drying Technology will publish 16 issues per

year from 2011– high manuscript flow, 2400 papers!

• Truly global development- still growing at different rates in different parts of globe

Developments in Drying R&D

• IDS was established in 1978 by Prof. Mujumdar at McGill University, Canada; first announced in 1977

• 190 participants; 80% from industry. Industry- Academia cooperation was the theme. 20 countries participated

• Typically IDS attracted 250-450 participants; held in 4 continents

• IDS was organized thrice (ASM) in Montreal; typically once in all other sites

• IDS spawned numerous sister conferences e.g. IADC,NDC,ADC,WFCFD, etc. PDS and CDC were already in operation but less frequently and on national basis

• IDS led to numerous books e. g. DRYING’N series, Drying of Solids , Advances in Drying and later Handbook of Industrial Drying.

• Also Drying Technology journal emerged from it; had mixed success in first decade.

• Major Awards program started in 1986 with MIT held at MIT.

About IDS

• Unfortunately, industry participation declined to 10-25% over the years.

• Innovative drying technologies emerged but technology transfer became difficult

• Up to 55 nations participate regularly despite regional conferences

• Drying R&D was boosted by IDS series globally- more in emerging nations

• Journal continues to grow • Energy concerns drove initial IDS then moved to quality,

safety, cost-effectiveness etc and now back to energy • International effort in Drying R&D has emerged in

recent decade.

More about Drying R&D / IDS

Drying Technology Journal

A few authors made massive contribution of papers, reviews – Pereto principle – 20% contributed 80%

Over last decade situation has turned around but for quality assurance dedicated referees are the “key” to success – still a challenge due to heavy manuscript flow

Latest Impact Factor (2012) – 1.814

Latest 5 year Impact factor (2011) – 1.796 True impact in industrial application No of papers since 2002 - 2020

No of authors per volume since 2002– 256

No of countries/territories contributing to LDRT (All years) – 95

Projected Impact Factor for 2013 – 1.9 +

Drying Technology Journal

Year Impact factor

2012 1.814

2011 2.084

2010 1.662

2009 1.048

2008 1.393

2007 1.171

2006 1.100

2005 1.029

2004 0.987

2003 0.820

2002 0.583

2001 0.564

Two-year impact factor of Drying Technology

Drying Technology Journal

Country No. of papers published

Canada 328

China 298

United States 251

France 221

Brazil 212

Australia 182

Poland 179

Japan 179

Singapore 160

Thailand 130

India 109

Greece 94

Germany 82

Top contributing countries during 1982-2013

Drying Technology Journal

Country No. of papers published

China 253

Canada 199

Brazil 173

Australia 158

Singapore 154

France 132

United States 130

Japan 116

Poland 115

Thailand 111

Top contributing countries during 2000 -2013

Drying Technology Journal

Country No. of papers published

Mujumdar, A.S. 198

Langrish, T.A.G. 53

Soponronnarit, S. 49

Zhang, M. 41

Maroulis, Z.B. 41

Raghavan, G.S.V. 36

Kudra, T. 34

Freire, J.T. 33

Chen, X.D. 29

Prachayawarakorn, S. 28

Thorat, B.N. 28

Kiranoudis, C.T. 27

Perre, P. 27

Top contributors during 1982-2013

Strengths • continuous success and the wealth of knowledge it has

generated over past four decades • Current drying equipment - much more efficient,

sustainable and cost-effective • Buyers - much more aware and knowledgeable and are

able to specify and select the right kind of dryers for best performance,

• Many look at life cycle cost of different dryer systems as well as the carbon footprint before selecting their system

A Swot Analysis

Weaknesses • No truly disruptive drying technology in most industrial

sectors • Radical innovations - not readily accepted by industry

because of the potential for the risk (Also difficulty involved in scale up from lab scale to pilot scale to full scale)

• Lot more needs to be done in terms of fundamental research • Lack of a general drying theory • Technology transfer to industrial scale application is very

limited due to several reasons (e.g. lack of proactive and tangible participation by industry; Academics are often unaware of real industrial problems that they could tackle innovatively)

A Swot Analysis

Weaknesses and Challenges 1. Relatively low return on investments in R&D in general 2. Undervaluation of productive professional activities e.g.

Engineering 3. Recent accelerating trend to expect generation and

dissemination of knowledge to be available for exploitation free of charge- declining incentive for knowledge generation

4. Unethical handling of intellectual property belonging to others e.g. illegal dissemination of copyrighted material, misleading consumers by illegitimate utilisation of trade names etc.

• Outcome: reduced incentive to innovate

A Swot Analysis

Suggested measures to overcome weaknesses

1. Enhance effectiveness and efficiency of R&D by improving management, policy making and cost effectiveness

2. Attract high quality talent and incentivise it 3. Teach ethics as integral part of most science and

engineering subjects 4. Deter violation of IP. Provide financial and legal

support to encourage creativity and innovation 5. Reward and recognize innovation and knowledge

generation

A Swot Analysis

Opportunities • Potential for miniaturizing industrial dryers, design and

operation of smart dryers and reduction of carbon footprint, etc.

• Exploring use of superheated steam drying • Potential to improve drying equipment for production of

nano-particles, pharmaceuticals, functional foods, micro-encapsulated products with controlled delivery features, wastewater sludge, waste products from several industrial sectors, etc.

• Almost all type of drying technologies have potential for improvement by making it sustainable, safer and more-cost-effective

• Application of modern advanced analytical and computational tools to explore the complexities involved in thermal drying

A Swot Analysis

Threats • No obvious threats to IDS or drying R&D (imp in many sectors

such as food, pharmaceuticals) • The recent drop in international prices of coal, gas and

oil due to the large influx of cheaper gas produced by fracking of shale in the USA may have a short term adverse effect on R&D related to energy savings and conservation

• May reduce urgency of developing renewable energy and improving energy-intensive processes

• However, drying R&D will continue unabated despite this potential threat

A Swot Analysis

• Focus - issues associated with climate change • Optimize - application of renewable energy • hybrid drying system that utilizes solar thermal,

photovoltaics and wind energy in tandem

• Consolidated global effort is needed in this area • Global Virtual Networks of Excellence be formed for in-

depth sustainable R&D •

Future perspectives – Drying R&D

• This lecture is solemnly dedicated to the Founding Editor of Drying Technology Technology- An International Journal.

• A truly dedicated educationist, accomplished researcher& author, outstanding administration and a great mentor- his demise on April 18, 2014 is a huge loss to me personally and to the global Drying Community.

Dedication to Late Carl W. Hall

Handbook of Industrial Drying

Key contributions to 4th Edition by TPR group

• Principles, Classification, and Selection of Dryers

• Basic Process Calculations and Simulations in Drying

• Indirect Dryers • Fluidized Bed Dryers • Industrial Spray Drying Systems • Impingement Drying • Pulse Combustion Drying • Drying in Mineral Processing

• Physicochemical aspects of Sludge drying

• Drying of Proteins • Product functionality oriented drying

process related to pharmaceutical particle engineering

• Drying of Coal • Use of Simprosys in Drying Flowsheet

Calculations • Life Cycle Assessment of drying

systems

Announcement

CRC Press will initiate a new book series entitled

Advances in Drying Science and Technology

With Professor Arun S Mujumdar of McGill University and Western University, Canada.

Contact Prof. Mujumdar for details.

Books /monographs by Prof. Arun S. Mujumdar During 2009-2014

Visit us at: http://www.arunmujumdar.com/

Books /monographs by

Prof. Arun S. Mujumdar

Books collage

Selected Books and journal in Drying and Transport Phenomena edited/authored by Professor Arun S.

Mujumdar, National University of Singapore and McGill University, Canada (1978-2004)

For more details please visit us at http://serve.me.nus.edu.sg/arun/

Copyright © Arun S. Mujumdar, 2010

• I am grateful to the whole-hearted support of numerous colleagues from scores of institutions around the world which made IDS, it's sister conferences, numerous books and Drying Technology journal etc successful.

• I am grateful to Dr Sachin Jangam of NUS for his artistic design of this PowerPoint presentation.

Acknowledgements

Best wishes to all participants for a pleasant stay in Lyon, and for a

professionally rewarding conference.

Visit http://www.arunmujumdar.com/ for details