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IECに おけるマルチメディア標準化の動向 ― TC100の動き‐ The Standardizat on Actlvit es in lEC― Estab shment of TC100,・ Sound,

/ヽ1sion and lvlultimedia Systems and Equlpment'

柴田 明二

ソニー (株 )技術渉外部

SHIBATA,Ak kazuSony Corporat on

Technical Relat ons Div

本年 5月 、 ECにマルチメディア関連技術の標準化を担当する専門委員会とし、TC100が 設立された。幹事国はオランタである。この委員会設立にTC60(記 録)の幹事として初めの段階から係わった者と

し、この委員会がどのようにしてなにを目的として作られ、どのような分畢予で今後の活動をするかについ

て、この委員会の基本活動方針案に多少手を加えここに示すこととする。

l History

TC100 sthe reorganized commntee cOmpnSing Offormer SC12A(Receivers),TC60/SC60A/SC60B(Record ng)and TC84(Audio,video and audiov sual equ pment and systems)Merg ng of

these three commitiees has been discussed lor many years as var ous vvorkitems dea t by the

them have had necessity of co‖ aborat on among the comm llees Nevv concepts in product design

Or cOmbined funct ons in a system or equipmeni、 vere int,oduced in the industry RIsing Of the

dig ial signal processing technology acceleratcd the tendency

li seems tha[TC1 2 was the or gin of the standardizat on aci v ties in the area of electronics,which

・.as organized in 1 950 w th a scope which included radio receiving apparatus,televislon receiving

apparatus,ampi riers,modulat ng and reproducing apparatus,aux‖ laγ apparatus,element used inthe manuFacture ofthe above apparatus,and electronic valves The or19inal TC1 2 did cover

almost an entire arena oF the electronics technolo9y oF the time,from、～hich other iechnical

commillees sprang Out

Soon aFte「 the inaugura‖ on or Tc12,TC29(E ectoacouslcs)waS IOrmed TC29 was then dividedinlo SC29A‐ Sound recording,SC29B‐ audlo engineer n。 ,SC29C― measur ng devices,and SC29D‐u trasonic equlprnent TC60、

～as organized in 1 964、″th t、マo sub‐ com mlltees,sC60A‐ audio

recording and SC60B‐ video recording coverng some fields covered by TC29 SC60C‐ systems ofaudiovisual and electronic technology fOr information and communicat on vvas then lormed in 1 976

TC84 was formed in 1984 by merging sC29B and SC60C to cope with the vast app‖ cat ons in

audio and video engineer ng vv th the ttle oF.audio,video and audiovisual equipment and systems'

to cover pOssible topics in the audio and video arena excepttopics cOvered by other comm ttees

The..pplica1 0n spec fic structure o(comm ttees of lEC,vas very much effective for a long time to

generate standards(or equipmenl of stand‐ alone nature Emerging needs ofthe society have

changed considerably since then 4ヽore system or ented app cat,ons of electronic technologyャ ,ave

PrOduced var ous I(nds of equipmenl of compound nature, especia‖ y since llle introduction of dig ial

SiOnal processing Borders between functions of comm ttees became obscure Ass19nment of

prOleCiS tO nght grOups s another SSue A new prolectiS Often ass gned iO a 9「 oup simp y

because a member in the OrOup propOsed that specfic proiectfOr the sako oF interest bui nol

because the group has the rnost appropr ate experis for the sublect

Cooperat,on among three committees oF SC 12A,TC60 and TC84 beCame very impOrtant durng

past years uoint efforts、vere very much eFFeci ve lo document tems such as methods of

measurement for dig tal audio systems,video cameras and prolect On television receivers,and

terminology Standards for such sublecis are nOw d ffcu llo be discussed by a single comm ttee

alone t also means that regrouping or restructur ng Of proleCt grotlps is to be made、 vhenever

possible for a committee lo be Fiexible

specialization of standardization act vities by creating app ication spec(ic commillees in one hand,

some people on the other hand have been discusslng the need oF inteOration of eiforts oF d“ erent

groups for near y a decade The reorganizal on oi SC12A,TC60 and TC84 by mer9ing haS been

disCuSSed at var ous meet nos in the past and basica‖ y aoreed as a matier of prnciple in 1 993

The rise of the concept of mu timedia technology has dr ven the trend iurther for synergetic efforts

oF people from d iFerent。「oups of informat on technology including consumer electroniCs and

telecommunication lo develop nevv systems and appl cat ons The standardization requests from

the society can only be coped,v th by flexible groups of experis

A proposal of merging the three commillees Was presented lo lhe Comm itee of Aclon CrOup B

(CAB)meeting held in Apr‖ 1 994 afterthe propOsal,vas first discussed and supported by the

ACETIArea 3 and the ACET/Plenary The propOsal vvas、 ve:comed by the CAB members and it was

suggested lo prepare an off cial proposalto form a ne、 v comm ttee by merging the three

commliees to the Commltee oF Aclon(CA)lo be held in N cein September 1 994 n coniunc10n

、″th the 1 994 Generallvleeting ofthe lEC The proposal made to the Cへ B,vas SuppOrted by the

members and endorsed by the P!enary ofthe Comm ttee of Action The restructuring o`the three

committees iS Certainly in ine vvih ihe eFForl of the rev ia ization of the ent re lEC structure by

regrouping and forming lndustr al Sector Boards,and this proposal could be a tesi caSe in IEC

The Nether ands Nationai Committee was to make the propOsal wh ch was circulaled as 02(Nether

lands)59 The proposal was supporied by abso ute malo由 ty Of member countries or CA tO respond

lo lhe emerging needs fo「 standardization efforts on mu timedia technology vvthin IEC The CA

decidedlorormtheTC100wththettleoF'Sound,Vislon and l.lu timedia Systems and Equipmenll

The member countries ofthe CounCl voted lo ratFy the decision made by the CA

2 Structure of TC100

¬0 1 00 haS three sub‐ comm tteos SC100A,SC100B and SC100C at hs start,which are

successors oi SC12A,TC60 and its subcommtitees,and TC84,respect vely These sub‐ comm t‐

tees succeed anthe exlstng work llems ofthe predecessors and have ne、 ″work,tems as proposed

Add11lonal sub‐ committees may be Formed as demands,「 om the industry requ rO so SC12G

decided lo,O n lo TC100 very recen‖ y SC12G w‖ lbecome SC100D n 1996

The terms of reFerence oFthree Sub‐ Comm itees include the fo‖ o7ving topics excluding items

covered by Other committeesi SC100AI ReceiverS and related technology,SClooB: Recording and

related technology and SC1 00Ci Audio andヽ/ideo related iechnology Each sub― comm ltee w I

have working giOups as necessary

TC100 should be very much:lexible and can have other groups as requ red Some exapmples

being considered are an adviso「 y group lorthe maintenanco of vYOrk items of TC1 00,a group On

terms and deF n tion,study grOups on implemental on of IPR,dig tal audio and video systerrs of

compressed signals,mu timedia systems,and bus sysiems,for example Sub‐ committees are not

excepl ons From the considerat on of Flexib‖ ity

lt ShOuld be necessary lo revie、 v regular y the term oF reference oF each sub― committee and its

、vorkin9 9roups A、～orking g「 oup may be created ii necessary buiit shOuld be disbanded when the

workis completed A‖ the works of TC100 shou d be processed by projeci basis conducted by

prOieCtleaders A prOjectleader s ass Oned when a new work S proposed aSthe lSO/EC D reclves

requ re so t is the respOnsib‖ ty of a prolectleaderto br ng a work,tem to the final publical on

when a p「 OpOsalis approved as a、Ⅳork item

3 Liaison and dependence

TC100 Sha‖ have very

lSOllEC」 TC1/SC29

TClSC3C

SC12ESC12FSC12GSC48BTC76TC77SC86CTC92CISPR

c ose co‖ aboralon wnh l asOn A):

TC100 sha‖ have a dependency w thぐ iaiSOnB)

ITU― R SG10 and ll

」TC1/SCllTerminology

Graphical syrnbols,or use on

equipment

nad10 reley and satilte communicat on

Equipment used in mobile services

Cabled distr bul on systems

Connectors

SaFety on laser products

Electromagnetic compalb‖"yFibre oplic systems

Safety

lnternat onal speciat committee

on radio interference

SC23SC25

1SO/ TC36TC42TC43

CENELEC

邸 |

Flexible magnet c media for

digital interchange

Optical dig tal dala disks

lnterconnection of informa‐

tion technology equipment

C nemalooraphy

Photography

Acoust cs

EurOpean comm itee for

electrOtechnical standards

European ielecommunicat on

siandards inst iute

」TAG2 Joint Technical Advlsory Croup 2 of ISO,

L a sons sha‖ be establshed wtth liaisOn c)

AES Audio engineer ng society

IEC and」 TCl on lmaging

SMPTEIEEE

EBU

日へCEMEIA

EIAJ

Society of motion pictures and televislon engineers

lnst tute of electi cal and electronic engineers

EurOpean Broadcasters unlon

Eulopean associal on oF consumer electronic manuracturers

Electronic industries associat on(Of Amerca)

Electronlc indust「ies associat on oF」 apan

l embership,as or February 1 995

P‐members1 1 4 countr esi AuStria,Czech Republc,Denmark,Germany,France,Finland.united

KingdOm,1laly,Japan,Nether ands,Romania,SIovakia,un ted states,South Africa

O‐ members:6 countries Be gium.Egypt,Spain,Norway,Portugat SWeden

4 EnVironment

A maior technicaltrend in the audio and vldeo lechnologies is the sh ft frOm convent onal analo9ue

signal processing to digllal slgnal processing ln almost a‖ producis and their appl cat ons Boundar es

separat ng consumer and industrial or proFess,onal applcatons of equipment and even those

between audlo,video and data signals are diminishing Such bo,dbr ess techniques are mOre

profound in so‐ cat!ed mu timedia technology

Each equlpment today has certainly lts o、v口 apphcations as a Stand alone eq口 lpment however it

can be a component oF alarger system The Same equipment can be usedin many d“ ere nt、vays

in asystem Aい ′receiver,〔 or example,ls a TV recetver for lser to receive pr09rarnmes of

terrestrially transmitted radlo、vave From a broadcasting station li may also be used very Often in

a home as a pari of reproducing equipment of packaged programmes such as｀ ′CRs and video disk

players lt can also be used as a mon lor screen of a home controlsystem Some CD ptayers of

preset age can also play back CD‐ ノヽideos as anolher example Even home use equipment can have

var ous funci ons and be a part or a proress10日 al system

Broadcasi ng stat ons often use consumer products in thei「 operal on lv4any cOnsumer products in

audio and video fie:ds do have the perfOrmance and qua lty vvhiCh professional people requ re for

the r app:cations Some consurners are very much interested in obtaining machines or ginaly

designed For professlonal applcat ons though may not be the tnost sophist cated equipmeni

One of the moslimportant reatures Of equipmerlt one buys these days should certainly be

compatibi'ty or connectab‖ ty ofthe equipment to another system or eqllipment Spec fiCat,on of

the performance of the equipment is also o'interestror a consumer He or she may vvish lo

construct his or her o・ vn system The standards necessary in such a Circurrstance are applcal on

standards Of the eq口 lpment based on basic standards A‖ the Spec Fical ons and standards ior CD―

ROM.CD― L CD‐ V Or 8cm CD are based on a basc standard ofl日 3 908 for CD TC100 may have

responsib口 ly Of developing applcat on standards ol equipmenl or systems to meetthe requests

give risen from userS Of the equipment i certainly does no,exclude the possib‖ ty of TC100 10

develop basic standards whiCh are broughi to the allention of TC1 00,Such as I日 0908

r

―

This tendency ls more apparent when one considers so‐ caled a mtltimedia system One needs

system spec ricatiOns,specificat ons for perFormance of equipment connected to lhe system, and

spec fications for connect on ofthe equipmeni to the system The prolocol of signal handlng is

another key,ssue The system may be contio‖ ed by a computer An interFace is required lo

connectthe computerlo the system

i is、vel understood that ISO/1EC JTCl was made lo develop standards in the Field ofinformal on

technology Sub― commlltees in」 TCl have been very much instrumentalin developing standards or

information,echnology,especia‖ y protocols oF dig ial s19nal structures TC1 00 can not and should

not proceed into these f elds as the」 TCl has its expertise in the technology which we do not have

TC100hasitsexpertiseinspecfyingcharacterisicsincludingmethodsofmeasuremenlo,

equipment and connectabity of equipmentto others ln other words,lhe experlise oF TC100 can

be addressed notin constructing a multimedia system but generat ng standards for the equipment

itse fヽVhiCh human being have to face to it The implemental on ofIPRin a system o「 equipment

may also be an interest ng applcat on of technology Tol oo can address its expertise

Another act vitles of TC1 00 can be adoption or standards developed by Other groups and bring

them lo wider applcationイ ie10s by authorizing them as IEC standa「 ds AdoptOn of υθ/a cr0

stattdards is one of the ways lo encourage the pro rerat On OF advanced technologies inlo the

industry Plural spec FicationS may become avalable in one applcat on A singte siandard for an

applcat o口 is des rable bui not very rea stic in many cases li s not possible lo select one out of

tv.O COmpetit ve Formats and very Often not Forthe inierest of users The market shali make the

decislon but not standardizat on oiF cers

ltis also reminded that lEC should encourage.though i( s not easyin many cases,technology

developers to release information of ne、v developments at an ear y pOssible stage and submitthem

to lEC as new documents,iF applcable at an,as IEC pubHcations through iヾ ′́Ps、vhether f as

standards,9uidance documents or[echnlcalreporis Such an effort can encourage engineers lo

fnd ne、v applcal on fields orFor further development oftechnology A system developer may be a

single private company or a consort um of organizat ons

Discuss,ons have been made ofthe lack or experis lo develop standards ior some years This I・ 7as

because oflack o千 interestin the side oF the industry to develop standards The interest depends

on the lopics and the way lo develop a topic into a documeni VVe hear of a、 lorking group having

members oF many hundreds of experts crowded in a meei ng lo discuss a single topic The new

iOpics Tcl oO、 、l handle in the area of mu iimedia should certainly attraci many experts in the

industry if only app「 opr ate coordination s made、 vith compё i ng groups for a proper role and

responsib‖ ty sharing

lllaintenance oF publshed standards may give rise a burden lo a comm ttee One should be very

much considerate in revising exisi ng dOcumenis One should be courageous enough notto

coni nue activ iles of a group simply because a、 vorkin9 9roup exisis,0「 better repeal documents

and disband a working group For much efFcient use of‖ mited resourCes,ve haVe unnecessa「 y

standards should not be developed

Interest of the industry can be arrected by legistal on requi「 emenis especia‖ y in respectto the

issues oF inte‖ ectual property right envl「 onment protection and energy saving These issues are

ceriainly key issues TCl oo must aware of the requirements or the sOciety inlo documents in

proper、vays TCloO should folovvthe guiding polcies provided by olher members ofthe lEC

The current and future requ rements lo accelerate document development process impose TCloo

that TC 1 00 shan COnsiderthe implementat on of electronic data interchange and fu‖ use of

ava‖ able means,the E‐mal system in particular TC1 00 should encouraoe the trans t,on from

paper based、York to electronic based document handiing by making use ofthe advanced

information technology

5 Work programme

The present work programme of TC1 00 1s practica‖y a comp‖ atlon of programmes oF SC12A,

TC60/SC60A/SC60B and TC84 There have bё en strong requesis from SOme member countnes

thatthe work items ofthe three commlttees must be carried overlo the ne、 ″comm ttee 4ヽany of ｀

work items are rather at a rinal stage ci CDV or DlS ヤVe are also expecting lo have several new

works being started VVe are very certain that ・・ve、″l have various Nν /Ps presented by the membercountlesastheactivRlesofTC100start SomeofthemalorworknemsOfTc100andnssub_committees can be lsted below

TCi00Terms and derinitiOns in the area oF audio and video technology(」 ET/1)

SC100A(SC12A):‐Revie、v oflEC 315-4, methods of measurement For Flvl receivers‐315‐ X. measurement of characlor stics relevantlo RDS recept,on‐315‐ Y. methods oF measurement on DSR radlo receivers‐ 107‐ 1. Revision methods of measurement on Tヽ ′receivers‐1079-4, measurements on sound/data decoder for dig tal subcarr e″ NYTSC system‐1079-5, measurements on decoders forヽ 4AC/Packet systems‐1114-1, measurements on DBS receiving antennas‐1114‐ 2,tesis for DBS receiving antennas―Methods or measurementfor D2MAC equ pmenl―Revision of 1 07-2

-卜Иethods or measurement on HDTV receiving equipment― electr measurement HDTV displays―Study wOrk on HDTV―171 eth ods/measurement on receiving antennas ior n/transmiSSlons via FSS

SC100B(TC60/SC60A/SC60B)‐908/Al, amendmentto 908, spec ricatiOns for use of R‐ ν′channel‐1096/Al.2, add:tlonat tests for CD players

‐1237‐ 6, broadcast vTR‐ 6,dig ial component video signals with accompanyingl● udio‐1237‐ 5, brOadcast VTR‐ 5,dig,lal compOs te video signals,vth accompanying audlo‐

tl・70/three sensor camera

‐ 1835, Helcal scan dig ial componeni videO CaSSette recording system, D-5‐1834,Consume「 use dignal VCR 9 525/60,626/50, HDTV)‐356′A2. amend taseivision 6 2 5/50‐857/A2, amend laser vision 5 5/60‐ 1599, methods of measurement「 or vldeodisス player

:罵γ鶴芯lo:dem alnd tt belaCa岬∝mSSC100C(TC84)―method of measuring camera‐ recorders―optical Fibre connect on,genera audlo, and video‐interface/saten te receivers

i罷鮪ま響楯1儡摯懸んre,● on oflに 958,dd●laudb htettace i`し ア～ 43`7

‐ revision of IEC 268‐ 3, meaSur ng methods for amp‖ f er

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し,‐・し・｀

6, video transmissloh

―spec fical onS and measuring methods loi combined hifi equipment‐Infrared connectioni pari 1 9enera part 5,data transmission, part‐measuring methods for sounders‐revision of lEC 268‐ 16,RASコ method‐revision of lEC 849,emergency sound systems―1曰01606,basic methods Oi measurement「 or dignal aud O(JヽVGl)―study wOrk on「 ethods of measurement for compressed dig tal audio

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Vヽorks on the digital audio and videc app icat ons are of high interest vvh‖ e、マorks on methods of

measurement are of medium interesi among inembers oF committees ν′orks on terminology and

revision works are or ratherlow interest ProleCtS COming soon on mu tirredia technology shOuld be

oF quite a strong interest and should attract a large number oF pari cipatio

6 future work

The future work of TC1 00 depends strongly on the requests from the industry and society There

is no spec Fic work item d rect y related lo mu limedla technolo9y atthe start of TC100 The

discusslon on the common understanding Of the term oF.mu timedia'can be a firsi step A group

may be or9aniZed lo locate the work items lo be discussed、 v thin TC100 /ヽar Ous inpuis from

groups oul of TC1 00 are most we comed for dentfication of subiects

A propOsal was made atthe 1 995 February cPC meetng to fo「 m a Munimedia strategic Advisory

CommHtee(MSAC)aS a COnsequence Ofthe Mun med a Open sesslon he d n N ce on 1994‐ 09‐ 13Proposed are a)an invenlory OF new work"ems,b)add ng new areas to TC100,c)creanng new

TCs,and d)starlng lo nt WOrk ng grOups wnh JTcl, SO and TU The SMAC was decdedlo be

formed within TC1 00 1o provide TC100 with nlormat on ofthe area oi new wlrk nems such as

var ous aspecis oイ interiaces and colour management

Aside from the mu timedia discuss,on,a sman study grOup may be formed to prepare suggesllons

on PoSSible aCt V iles、 vthin the scope of TClo0 1日 vicw of ongoing dovelopments in the area of

dig taltechoology in lloth audio and vldeo app cat ons Special attentionS may be made on

compressed data d19 tal Systems,their evaluat on and methods of measuremenl oイ performance of

such bi systemS The study work on HDTV being made in SC12A may be strengthened to cope

vヽ th emerging needs of dig taltelevision broadcasting

A study group o口 the implementat on oF inte lectual property righi protection in d19 1al systems can

be animportant contrbut on of TC100 V′ e may be able lo to diSCuSS hO、v lo lmplementthe

informat on and gё nerate a guide‖ ne on the protect on oF copy「ightin var ous softwares use of

such inorma1lon is notthe responsib‖ ity oF IEC

Reorganization of actvties on bus systems is anotherlopic TC100 may be responsible The bus

systems are now discussed partly in TC84′ VvG7 and VVG12,and」TC1/SC25/νV0 1 The signal

transmission via lR now discussed in TC84/V′ G17 may become a sub― system oF an integrated btls

system These efforts may be combined into one group and co‖ aborate vv th the corresponding ~ヽ

comm ttee in the CENELEC and other organizations lo develop a comiη 08 standard

Discussions may be made how the synergetic eFfori can be incorporated in standard generat on

Reor9aniZed TC1 2 shOuld also be closely cooperat ng w th us as the terminal devices they discuss ln

presenl12E and 12F may become input/output terminals of mu tlnedia systems Displays are

important ior TC100 as displays are rea‖ y interfacing hard、 vare and human beings Conaborat On

wnh TC39(CRT)and SC47C′ ν′G2(LCD)may beCOme necessary

Another efFort TC100 can try s to have,oint WOrks w th organizations other than IEC,e9,ITU‐ R,

AES,SMPTE and Others There s one examp e to haveioint d Sucss on meelngs wnh AES experts

for revislon Of lEC 958. dig tal audio interface lvlany groups have sim‖ arinterests in muヽ imedia

technologies over aps or duprcatiOns of efforts should be avolded as much as possible by,Oint

work of adopl on of docurrents developed by other people Synergy s the key vvOrd in the future

activiles of IEC TC 1 00