Disclaimer:This presentation is prepared by trainees of baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official document of baabtra –Mentoring PartnerBaabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd

If, Loop and Switch

Jithin Mathewjitmat@gmail.com

www.facebook.com/jithinmatthew

Control Statement• Used in the C language to make decisions and

control the flow of the program.• It decide the flow of a program.

They are decision making statements

• If statement• If-else statement• Switch case

If Statements

Syntax:

if (condition) { statement(s);}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num;

printf("Enter a number to check.\n");

scanf("%d",&num);

if(num>5)

printf("numbur greater than 5");

return 0;

}

If statement cont..

• Adding a semicolon at the end of an if clause is a common mistake.• This mistake is hard to find, because it is not a compilation error or a runtime error, it is a logic error.

if…else StatementSyntax: if(condition) { true statements; } else { false statements; }

Flow chart:

if...else Example#include <stdio.h>main(){

int no;printf("\n Enter Number :");scanf("%d",&no);if(no%2==0)

printf("Number is even !");else

printf("\n\n Number is odd !");return 0;

}

switch Statement• This is a multiple or multiway brancing decision

making statement.• Similar to if statements• Can list any number of branches• Used in place of nested if statements• Avoids confusion of deeply nested ifs• Easy to find out errors.

Switch flowchart

Expression?

Statement(s) Statement(s) Statement(s)Statement(s)Statement(s)

value1 value2 value3 value4 Value n

entry

#include <stdio.h>main(){

int no;printf("Enter any number from 1 to 3 :");scanf("%d",&no);switch(no){

case 1:printf("It is 1 !");break;

case 2:printf("It is 2 !");break;

case 3:printf("It is 3 !");break;

default:printf("Invalid number !");

}getch();}

Looping statement

• It uses an expression that evaluates to either TRUE or FALSE

• Used to determine when an action should be repeatedly performed in a program.

1. do loop 2. while loop 3. for loop statements.

while Loop

It repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.

Syntax: while(condition) { statements; }

Flow chart

#include <stdio.h> int main (){ /* local variable definition */ int a = 10;

/* while loop execution */ while( a < 20 ) { printf("value of a: %d\n", a); a++; } return 0;}

do-while LoopSyntax;

do {

statements

}

while (condition);

#include <stdio.h> int main () {

/* local variable definition */ int a = 10;

/* do loop execution */ do { printf("value of a: %d\n", a); a = a + 1; }while( a < 20 );return 0; }

For Loop • It is a repetition control structure that allows

you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

• Easy to use• Highly flexible• More than one variable can be initilized.• More than one increments can be applied.

Syntax:for ( init; condition; increment ) { statement(s); }

Flow chart:

for Loop Example#include <stdio.h>int main(){int a;for (a=0; a<5; a++){printf("Baabtra\n");}return 0;}

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