IFRS Update for Financial Services...Lease of 8,000 laptops. Lease of a five-year second-hand car with a market value of USD 4,500. Lease of office furniture such as chairs and desks

IFRS Update for Financial ServicesKPMG AG, Zurich

19 April 2018

Agenda

IFRS 16 Leases – Challenges of the new standard

IFRS 9 Financial instruments – Pre-transition and interim disclosures

News from the IASB

IFRS 16 Leases

Challenges of the new standard

4© 2018 KPMG AG is a subsidiary of KPMG Holding AG, which is a member of the KPMG network of independent firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss legal entity. All rights reserved.

IFRS 16 is mainly a “system” challenge….?

1

Identifying a lease

2

3

Portfolio Approach

Discount rates

4

Lease term

Other challenges

5

Challenges of new standard!

IFRS 16 –Identifying a lease


No

No

No

Identifying a lease - Overview

Identified asset?

Lessee obtains substantially all of the economic benefits?

Lessee directs the use?

Contract is, or contains, a lease

Contract does not contain

a lease. It is a service

contract.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Identifying a lease!


Identified asset

Real estate leases


Does a clause permitting a landlord to relocate a tenant at any time represent a substantive substitution right?

Generally, no.Some real estate leases permit the landlord to relocate the tenant to alternative premises at any time – the landlord may use this right, for example, to move an existing tenant to another floor in an office building to accommodate a new tenant.A key question in such cases is whether the landlord would benefit economically from the substitution, based on the facts and circumstances at inception.Future events that, at inception of the contract, are not considered likely to occur are excluded from the evaluation of whether the supplier’s substitution right is substantive.

No.

Some real estate leases permit the landlord to relocate the tenant to alternative premises under certain circumstances. Substitution rights that can be exercised only on occurrence of a specified event – for example, if market rents increase or another tenant offers to pay a higher rent – are not substantive because the supplier does not have the practical ability to substitute alternative assets throughout the period of use.

Does a clause permitting a landlord to relocate a tenant if market rents increase or another tenant offers to pay a higher rent represent a substantive substitution right?


Substantially all of the economic benefits

Chloe Limited leases a three-storey building under a 10-year contract. Since Chloe Limited does not need all the space covered by the contract, it decides to sub-lease one of the three floors.


Yes.

Chloe Limited receives substantially all of the economic benefits through its own use of two floors (the primary output) and sub-letting the third floor (other benefits). The customer and the supplier consider the primary output and other benefits to determine whether the criterion is met.

As previously mentioned, there is no defined threshold for ‘substantially all’. Therefore, judgement is required.

No

No

No

Identified asset?

Lessee obtains substantially all of the economic benefits?

Lessee directs the use?

Contract is, or contains, a lease

Contract does not contain

a lease. It is a service

contract.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Does Chloe Limited receive substantially all of the economic benefits?


Exemption - leases of low value items

Which of the following transactions do not qualify for the low value exemption?


Lease of a twenty-year old Rolls Royce with a market value of CHF 40,000.

Lease of 10 laptops.

Lease of 8,000 laptops.

Lease of a five-year second-hand car with a market value of USD 4,500.

Lease of office furniture such as chairs and desks.

Lease of server modules to increase storage capacity of the main server. Each module is highly interrelated with the main server. The lessee would not lease the modules without also leasing the main server.

IFRS 16 –Lease term


Lease term – a reminder

Lease term

Non-cancellable period.

Optional renewal periods if lessee reasonably certain to exercise.

Periods after optional termination date if lessee reasonably certain not to exercise.

Determine the period for which the contract is enforceable. A lease is no longer enforceable when the lessee and the lessor each has the

right to terminate the lease without permission from the other party with no more than an insignificant penalty.

Lease term!


Bank A (lessee) enters into a contract with Base Limited (lessor) to lease a three-floor building in central Zurich. The lease contract does not have an expiry date, however it can be terminated by each of the parties with a 3 month notice period after the end of the first year of the lease. Bank A intends to stay in the building for the next 10 years and has invested significantly into leasehold improvements, which it intends to amortise over that 10 year period. After this period Bank A plans to move to a bigger property driven by the increase in its headcount. Bank A is aware of a development project which includes a five-floor building in central Zurich in 10 years time.

How long is the lease term?

Facts and circumstances need to be considered on a case by case basis

Lease term!

Case study 1 – estimating lease term

A 1 year and 3 months

B 10 years


Case study 2 - Lessor options

Eddizon Limited (lessee) enters into a contract with Robbizon Limited (lessor) to lease a server. The lease is for 10 months and is automatically renewed for a further 6 months unless the lease is terminated by Robbizon.

Lease term!

How long is the lease term?

A

B

10 months

16 months

IFRS 16 –Discount rate


Lessee – Two possibilities…

The lessee’s incremental borrowing rate.

The rate implicit in the lease, if readily available. OR

Discount rateLease liability (Five year lease x

10,000 CHF per annum) 3% 46,0005% 43,0007% 41,000

10% 38,000

‘Why is the discount rate important?’

‘The rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term,

and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of

a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment.

£

Company A

Discount rate!


Financial ratio impact - Lower or higher?

Ratio Impact of a higher discount rate for a given lease.

Discount rate!

Interest expense

Net interest margin

RWA

Tier 1 capital ratio

Depreciation

Loan to assets ratio

Higher, as discount rate is higher.

Lower, as interest expense will be higher.

Lower, because the right-of-use asset and therefore total risk weighted assets will be lower.

Higher, because risk weighted assets are lower.

Lower, because right-of-use asset is lower.

Higher, as the right-of-use asset and therefore total assets will be lower.


Lessee – What information is readily available?

Lease payments

Unguaranteed residual value

Fair value underlying asset

Initial direct costs? ??

Rate implicit in the lease

Can I just ask the lessor what the implicit rate is?

Answer: You can, but the lessor may be unwilling to disclose it as it is a commercially sensitive figure.

Discount rate!


Case study 1 – individual discount ratesDiscount rate!

Exceptions:

Lease is fully prepaid.

All lease payments are variable and depend on sales or usage.

Recognition exemptions.

Portfolio approach.

Answer: Generally, yes.

Do I need to determine a discount rate for every lease?


Case study 2 - WACC

Can I use my weighted average cost of capital

as a discount rate?

Term.

Security.

Value of the underlying asset in a lease.

Discount rate!

Answer: WACC can only be used as an input when determining the incremental borrowing rate.


Case study 3 – Property lease

Can I use property yield as my discount rate?

Adjustments for

Length of the lease.

Difference between the lessee’s credit rating and the average credit ratingof tenants in the market.

Expectations about risks associated with the property’s value that are unrelated to the lessee’s performance.

Other – e.g. currency of the lease.

Property yield

+ / -

Property specific.

Company specific.

Discount rate!

Answer: property yield can only be used as an input when determining the

incremental borrowing rate.


Case study 4 – Secured or unsecured rate

Do I use secured or unsecured rate?

Answer: there is no industry consensus yet.

Previously we saw in the market that clients are using secured rates.

However, recently, we have started seeing some clients trying to use an unsecured rate as their incremental borrowing rate.

Document and agree methodology with your auditor in advance.

Discount rate!


Case study 5 – Group situations

Subsidiary does not have its own treasury function.

Can I use my parent or my group rate as my discount rate?

A group or parent rate can be used as an input (and would need to be adjusted) only in certain cases:

Discount rate!

All funding for the Group is managed centrally by the parent.

Parent (indirectly) guarantees lease payments to the lessor.

IFRS 16 –Portfolio approach


Applying the portfolio approachPortfolio approach!

«…an entity may apply this Standard to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics if the entity reasonably expects that the effects on the financial statements of applying this Standard to the portfolio would not differ materiallyfrom applying this Standard to the individual leases within that portfolio. If accounting for a portfolio, an entity shall use estimates and assumptions that reflect the size and composition of the portfolio.»IFRS 16.B1

«…a lessee may use one or more of the following practical expedients when applying this Standard retrospectively…:

a lessee may apply a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics (such as leases with a similar remaining lease term for a similar class of underlying asset in a similar economic environment).»

IFRS 16.C10 (a)


Case study – portfolio approach

What is the difference between general

portfolio guidance and a practical expedient?

The hurdle for using the practical expedient on transition is lower than the hurdle for portfolio application of the standard subsequently.

Portfolio approach!

At first glance, this practical expedient seems similar to the general guidance on portfolio application.

However, there are two key differences:

The general guidance on portfolio application can be applied only if the entity can demonstrate that the effect of applying the new standard to the portfolio is not materially different from applying it to individual leases. In contrast, the practical expedient on transition is available whenever the leases have similar characteristics.

The practical expedient on transition refers to leases with ‘a similar remaining lease term’.

IFRS 16 –Other challenges


Challenges

Transport Fleet

IT Equipment

Real Estate

Werk 3Werk 2

Plant 1

Holding

Accounting

Controlling

Legal

IT

Purchases

Sales

Plant properties

Plants

High number of leases

Low availability of leases

Decentralized management of leases Stand-alone solutions

Different IT systems

Different responsibilities

Data migration & interfaces

Low group-wide transparency

Local languages and local currencies

Local legal requirement

Decentralized areas of responsibility

Mass data

Different types of contracts

Processes for lease contract monitoring

Comprehensive documentation

Other challenges!

IFRS 16 –Programme considerations


IFRS 16 Leases – How prepared are you? (1/2)

Do you know which of your transactions are, or contain, leases?1

Have you decided which transition approach to use?2

Will you use any of the practical expedients (short-term or low-value leases)?3

Will you use portfolio approach?4

Have you decided on how you will determine your discount rate?5

Programme considerations!


IFRS 16 Leases – How prepared are you? (2/2)

Do you have a database of all your leases?6

Who holds lease information for different types of leases?7

How complete is the information in your lease management software?8

Are your current disclosures of operating lease commitments complete and accurate?9

Do you have systems and processes necessary to calculate lease assets and liabilities?10

Programme considerations!

IFRS 9 Financial instruments -Pre-transition and interim disclosures

IFRS 9 Financial instruments – Pre-transition disclosures

IFRS 9 Financial instruments – Interim disclosures

IFRS 9 Financial instruments


— The 1st EBA impact assessment, conducted in April 2016 based on YE 2015 data, recorded a negative impact of 59 bps on CET1.

— The 2nd EBA impact assessment, conducted in February 2017 based on YE 2016 data, showed a smaller negative impact of 45 bps on CET1.

— The European banks that have disclosed their IFRS 9 transitional impact and were included in the EBA assessment have an average negative impact of 27 bps.

— The average impact of all banks included on the following two slides is 21 bps.

Fully-loaded CET 1 impact

-27bps

Pre-transition disclosures!


IFRS 9 in numbers - ImpairmentPre-transition disclosures!


Assessment of a significant increase in credit risk (1/3)

Sample of 14 banks

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Only stated that lifetime PD will be used?

Different SICR approaches for retail andwholesale portfolios?

Will the 30dpd back stop be used?

Will the low credit risk exemption be used?

Significant Increase in Credit Risk assessment

Yes Not disclosed

*

*Three banks stated that they will use both 12-month and lifetime PDs for the Significant Increase in Credit Risk assessment while one bank did not provide specific disclosures.



Different Significant Increase in Credit Risk approaches for retail and wholesale portfolios applied:

- CIBC (Canadian Imperial Bank Of Commerce): “ For the majority of retail loan portfolios, SICR is determined based on relative changes in the loan’s lifetime PD since its initial recognition. For the majority of business and government loan portfolios, SICR is determined based on relative changes in internal risk ratings since initial recognition.”

- Toronto-Dominion Bank: “ For retail exposures, significant increase in credit risk is assessed based on changes in the 12-month probability of default (PD) since initial recognition. For non-retail exposures, significant increase in credit risk is assessed based on changes in the internal risk rating (borrower risk ratings (BRR)) since initial recognition.”

- Bank of Novia Scotia: “For retail exposures, a significant increase in credit risk cannot be assessed using forward-looking information at an individual account level. Therefore, the assessment must be done at the segment level. Segment migration thresholds exist for each PD model by product which considers the proportionate change in PD as well as the absolute change in PD. [ ] The Bank uses a risk rating scale (IG codes) for its non-retail exposures. All non-retail exposures have an IG code assigned that reflects the probability of default of the borrower. Both borrower specific and non-borrower specific (i.e. macro-economic) forward looking information is considered and reflected in the IG rating. Significant increase in credit risk is evaluated based on the migration of the exposures among IG codes.”


Sample of 14 banks



Quantitative measures mentioned in the context of transfers to Stage 2:— Santander UK: “ A relative threshold of 100% (doubling the PD) has been applied across all

portfolios, while absolute increase thresholds have been tailored to each portfolio.” — RBS (The Royal Bank of Scotland): “ At its simplest level RBS has developed criteria around a basic

expectation that a doubling of the PD is the most appropriate threshold, with criteria varying by risk band. Other portfolio-specific thresholds are also used.”

— HSBC: “ The quantitative measure of significance [for wholesale portfolios] varies depending on the credit quality at origination, as follows:

— Danske Bank: “For facilities originated below 1% in PD: An increase in the facility’s 12-month PD of at least 0.5 percentage points since origination and a doubling of the facility’s lifetime PD since origination For facilities originated above 1% in PD: An increase in the facility’s 12-month PD of 2 percentage points since origination or a doubling of the facility’s lifetime PD since origination.”

* Credit risk rating


Sample of 14 banks

Origination CRR Significance trigger – PD to increase by0.1–1.2 15bps2.1–3.3 30 bpsGreater than 3.3 and not impaired 2x



Incorporation of forward-looking information

Sample of 14 banks

8

1

4

1

Number of forward-looking economic scenarios used

3 scenarios 4 scenarios5 scenarios 50 scenarios

2

12

Monte-Carlo approach used?

Yes Not disclosed



Macro-economic variables used in ECL models

Sample of 14 banks

-2

3

8

GDP growth Unemploymentrates

House prices Interest rates Equity index Commodityprices

Foreignexchange rates

Inflation Commercialproperty

Chart 1: All portfolios

The following graphs show disclosures made by banks about key macro-economic variables they used in their ECL models.


0

1

2

3

4

5

GDP growth Unemployment rates House prices Interest rates

Chart 2: Retail

0

1

2

3

4

5

GDP growth Unemploymentrates

House prices Interest rates Equity index Commodityprices

Commercialproperty

Credit spreads

Chart 3: Wholesale


Other qualitative IFRS 9 disclosures

Sample of 14 banks

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Early applied the IFRS 9 amendmenton prepayment features with negative

compensation?

Continue to apply IAS 39 hedgeaccounting?

Interest component of itemsmeasured at FVTPL presented as

interest income?

Other qualitative IFRS 9 disclosures

Yes Not disclosed Not material*

*Includes presentation in “Interest and similar income”


IFRS 9 Financial instruments – Pre-transition disclosures

IFRS 9 Financial instruments – Interim disclosures

IFRS 9 Financial instruments


Q1 2018 disclosures by Canadian banks

Opening balance sheet reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9.

Disclosure of impact of IFRS 9 adoption as at the date of initial application

Key: Yes No

Items previously designated as FVTPL but not designated under IFRS 9.

Designations made on adoption of IFRS 9.

Opening loss allowance reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9.

Analysis of opening loss allowance under IFRS 9 per class of financial instrument.

• Opening balance sheet reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 showed separately reclassifications and re-measurements.

• Opening loss allowance reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9.

Changes in accounting policies.

5 Canadian banks

Interim disclosures!


Opening balance sheet reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 showed separately reclassifications and re-measurements

HSBC, Report to Transition IFRS 9, 1 January 2018



Opening loss allowance reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9

HSBC, Report to Transition IFRS 9, 1 January 2018



Q1 2018 disclosures by Canadian banks

Reconciliation of closing loss allowance under IFRS 9 per class of financial instrument

Q1 2018 disclosures at quarter-end

Key: Yes No

ECL stage analysis of gross carrying amounts per class of financial instrument

ECL stage analysis of loss allowances per class of financial instrument



ECL stage analysis of gross carrying amounts per class of financial instrument

Santander UK, Report to Transition IFRS 9, 1 January 2018



ECL stage analysis of loss allowances per class of financial instrument

Santander UK, Report to Transition IFRS 9, 1 January 2018


News from the IASB


New Pronouncements – Effective dateStatus: April 2018 2018 2019 2021

New standards and interpretations

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Including clarifications to IFRS 15)

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

Amendments to IFRS 9 – Prepayment features with Negative Compensation

IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts

News from the IASB!


New Pronouncements – Effective dateStatus: April 2018 2018 2019 2021

Narrow-scope amendments

Annual Improvements 2014-2016Amendments to IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities

Transfers of Investment Property (Amendments to IAS 40)

Classification and Measurement of Shared-based Payment Transactions: Amendments to IFRS 2

Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts (Amendments to IFRS 4)

Amendments to IAS 28 – Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures

Annual Improvements 2015-2017Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations and IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements Amendments to IAS 12 Income TaxesAmendments to IAS 23 Borrowing Costs

News from the IASB!


Main items on the IASB’s agenda

Analysis of IASB projects – IASB Work Plan at April 2018

Short term until June 2018 Medium term –expected in Q2 2018

Long term

Accounting Policy Changes

(Amendments to IAS 8)

Improvements to IFRS 8 Operating

Segments (Amendments to

IFRS 8 and IAS 34)

Goodwill and Impairment (DP or ED)

H2 2018

Primary Financial Statements (DP or ED)

H1 2019

Definition of a business (Amendments to

IFRS 3)

Dynamic Risk Management (Core

Model) H1 2019

Classification of Liabilities

(Amendments to IAS 1)

News from the IASB!

Save-the-DateIFRS Update for Financial Services

Thursday, 25 October 2018KPMG AG

Save this date for our next Update!


Contact

David MacharSenior Manager

Financial Services Accounting Advisory

+41 58 249 35 [email protected]

Anna FilatovichManager



Patricia BielmannPartner



© 2018 KPMG AG is a subsidiary of KPMG Holding AG, which is a member of the KPMG network of independent firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss legal entity. All rights reserved.

The KPMG name, logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International.

The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavor to provide accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation.

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IFRS Update �for Financial ServicesAgendaIFRS 16 Leases��Challenges of �the new standardIFRS 16 is mainly a “system” challenge….?IFRS 16 – �Identifying a leaseIdentifying a lease - Overview Identified asset Substantially all of the economic benefitsExemption - leases of low value itemsIFRS 16 – �Lease termLease term – a reminderCase study 1 – estimating lease termCase study 2 - Lessor optionsIFRS 16 – �Discount rateLessee – Two possibilities…Financial ratio impact - Lower or higher?Lessee – What information is readily available? Case study 1 – individual discount ratesCase study 2 - WACCCase study 3 – Property lease Case study 4 – Secured or unsecured rateCase study 5 – Group situationsIFRS 16 – �Portfolio approachApplying the portfolio approachCase study – portfolio approachIFRS 16 – �Other challengesChallengesIFRS 16 – �Programme considerationsIFRS 16 Leases – How prepared are you? (1/2)IFRS 16 Leases – How prepared are you? (2/2)IFRS 9 Financial instruments - �Pre-transition and interim disclosuresIFRS 9 Financial instrumentsFully-loaded CET 1 impactIFRS 9 in numbers - ImpairmentIFRS 9 in numbers - ImpairmentAssessment of a significant increase in credit risk (1/3)Assessment of a significant increase in credit risk (2/3)Assessment of a significant increase in credit risk (3/3)Incorporation of forward-looking informationMacro-economic variables used in ECL modelsOther qualitative IFRS 9 disclosuresIFRS 9 Financial instrumentsQ1 2018 disclosures by Canadian banksOpening balance sheet reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9 showed separately reclassifications and re-measurementsOpening loss allowance reconciliation from IAS 39 to IFRS 9�Q1 2018 disclosures by Canadian banksECL stage analysis of gross carrying amounts per class of financial instrumentECL stage analysis of loss allowances per class of financial instrumentNews from �the IASBNew Pronouncements – Effective dateNew Pronouncements – Effective dateMain items on the IASB’s agendaSave-the-Date�IFRS Update for Financial ServicesContactSlide Number 55

Documents

IFRS Update for Financial Services...Lease of 8,000 laptops. Lease of a five-year second-hand car with a market value of USD 4,500. Lease of office furniture such as chairs and desks