II Tema. SaqarTvelo IV Saukunidan VII Saukunis I Naxevramde

7/25/2019 II Tema. SaqarTvelo IV Saukunidan VII Saukunis I Naxevramde

1/1657

II Tema. saqarTvelo IV saukunidan VII saukunis I naxevramde

1. qarTlis samefo IV-V saukuneebSi

298 wlis nizibinis zaviTromma garkveuli upirateso-ba moipova sparseTze, _ ganmt-

kicda misi politikuri gavlenaamierkavkasiis qveynebze. saomarimoqmedebebis Sewyveta Tavis sa-sargeblod gamoiyena sparseTmac.metoqesTan momavali brZolebissawarmoeblad da dakarguliteritoriebis kvlav SemoerTebismizniT gatarda mTeli rigiRonisZiebebi, ramac ganamtkicaqveynis Tavdacvisunarianoba da samxedro Zliereba.

sparseTi ver egueboda marcxs da zavis vadis amowurvamde,338 wels,Sahma Sabur II-m romis winaaRmdeg omi ganaaxla. omi or frontze war-moebda, _ SuamdinareTsa da amierkavkasiaSi, xanmokle SesvenebebiT daocdaxuT wels gagrZelda.

meomari mxareebis warmateba damokidebuli iyo amierkavkasielixalxebis mxardaWeraze. maTi mimxrobiT, jarisa da cixe-simagreebisgamoyenebiT,Znelad gasavleli adgilebis dauflebiT da,agreTve,adgi-lobrivi mosaxleobis mxridan jaris sursaTiT momaragebiT isini meto-qesTan SedarebiT seriozul upiratesobas moipovebdnen.

amierkavkasiis saxelmwifoebs ki romsa da sparseTs Soris dapirisp-

irebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araerTgvarovani pozicia hqondaT. al-baneTi, sparseTTan siaxlovisa da misi samxedro-politikuri zewolisgamo,sparseTis mxares ibrZoda. iberiis samefos ki,romelic romis impe-rias formalurad eqvemdebareboda da mis samxedro mokavSired iTvleboda,neitraluri pozicia ekava.

kiTxvebi1. Seni azriT,ra ganapirobebda qarTlis samefos neitralur pozicias?2. ramdenad momgebianad Tvli arsebul viTarebaSi qarTlis neitralitets?

wyaro 1`isini iranelebs ubrunebdnen xuT provincias da uTmobdnen qalaqebs

nizibinsa da singaras. amasTan pirobas debdnen,rom ar Caereodnen somxeTissaqmeebSi da daxmarebas ar gauwevdnen Tavis yofil qveSevrdomsa da mokav-Sire somxebs iranelebTan brZolaSi. zavis pirobebSi iberiaze laparaki aryofila. Cans,misi politikuri statusi ucvlelad rCeboda~.

l. janaSia.

saboloo jamSi, omi sparseTis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. imperatori

ivliane brZolis velze sasikvdilod daiWra. 363 wels daido axali,30wliani zavi. zavis pirobebi romisTvis sakmaod mZime aRmoCnda.

saq

arTveloIVsaukunidanV

IIsaukunisInaxevramde

saqarTvelo IV - XI saukuneebSi

qarTlissamefoIV-VsaukuneebSi

kiTxvebi1. rogor fiqrob,iqoniebda Tu ara gavlenas zavis pirobebi qarTlis same-fos sagareo politikur mdgomareobaze?2. Seni azriT,rogor isargeblebda sparseTi bizantiasTan miRweuli SeTanx-mebiT?


2/1658

V saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTis batonobis winaaRmdeg brZolebi kvlav ganaxlda. qarT-

lis samefos gaZlierebas sxva mowinaaRmdegec gamouCnda. es iyo aRmosavleT romis imperia,romelic bizantiis saxeliTaa cnobili.

wyaro 5mefe mirdati `mter eqmna berZenTa da sparsTa. berZenTagan eZiebda klarjeTs,sazRvarsa qar-

Tlisasa,xolo sparseTs ara miscemda xarksa~.`qarTlis cxovreba~.

wyaro 6`politikurad qarTuli qveynebi warmoadgendnen Semdeg suraTs:aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da

samxreT saqarTvelos nawili vidre klarjeTamdis Seadgendnen qarTlis samefos,romelic spar-seTis monarqiis damokidebulebaSi imyofeboda da uSualod emorCileboda sparseTis CrdiloeTi

provinciebis did marzpans anu mmarTvels... klarjeTi da misi mimdebare qveynebi Woroxis xeobaSiaRmosavleT romis (bizantiis) imperiis uSualo gamgeblobaSi imyofeboda. aRm. romis imperiisaseve uSualo mmarTvelobaSi imyofeboda megruli (Wanuri da sxv.) qveynebi...~

s. kakabaZe.


saqarTveloIVsaukuni

danVIIsaukunisInaxevra

mde

qarTlissamefoIV-V

saukuneebSi

wyaro 2`arSaki dabrunda qarTlis jariT,Seagrova agreTve mcireodenni Tavisi erTgulni da See-

brZola naxararebs Tavisi qalaqis arSakavanis dangrevisaTvis Suris saZieblad~.

movses xorenaci,somexi istorikosi.

sparseTma zavis pirobebiT isargebla da somxeTSi SeiWra. somxeTi romisagan daxmarebas ve-Rar miiRebda. Zlieri mokavSiris gareSe darCenili somxeTis mdgomareobas isic arTulebda,romadgilobrivi warCinebulebis (`naxararebi~) nawili sparseTis waqezebiT mefe arSak II-s ganudga,_ `man Tavs uSvela maTgan kavkasiis mxareSi qarTvelTa daxmarebiT~.

romsa da sparseTs Soris amierkavkasiaSi politikuri batonobisaTvis brZola amiT ardasrulebula. maTi warmatebebi aramyari iyo,rasac,pirvel rigSi,TavisuflebisaTvis ad-gilobrivi xalxebis Tavdauzogavi brZola ganapirobebda.

iberiaSi sparselTa mmarTveloba didxans ar gagrZelebula. romaelTa mxardaWeriT mefesaurmagi brZolas aaxlebs maT winaaRmdeg. gadamwyveti upiratesoba verc amJamad moipovaromelime mxarem. zavis mixedviT, qarTlis samefo orad unda gayofiliyo, _ asfarugissamkvidro kvlav sparseTis uzenaesobas cnobda,saurmagis xelaxali gamefebiT ki qarTlisnawili romaelTa gavlenis sferoSi eqceoda.

somxeTisaTvis brZola sparseTis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. amas mohyva qarTlze sparselebisgamolaSqreba.

wyaro 3sparselebma qarTlidan gaaZeves mefe saurmagi,`romelic romaelTa SemweobiT ganagebda ibe-

rias,da am xalxis gamgebloba vinme asfarugs gadasca; Tanac gvirgvini daadga,raTa Cveni gadaw-yvetilebisaTvis Seuracxyofa mieyenebina~

amiane marceline,romaeli istorikosi.

davaleba 1

imsjele im faqtorebze,romlebmac sparseTs gauadvila qarTlis daqvemdebareba da teqstisa dawyaro 3-isa da 4-is mixedviT daazuste movlenebis Tanmimdevroba.

wyaro 4`...(imperatori) daTanxmda iberiis gayofas ise,rom sazRvrad SuaSi mdinare kirosi (mtkvari)

dadebuliyo da savromaks (saurmags) armeniisa da lazebis mosaRvre mxare rgeboda,asfarugs _albaniisa da sparselebis momijnave~

amiane marcelini.

davaleba 2rukis(sur. 2.2.1.1.) da wyaros 5-is mixedviT daadgine da amowere or nawilad gayofili qarTlissasazRvro punqtebi da mezobeli qveynebi.

qristianobadasaqarTve

lo


3/1659


saqarTveloIVsaukunidanV


qarTlissam

efoIV-VsaukuneebSi

wyaro 7`... bizantia mitacebul qarTul miwebs swrafad rTavda imperiis sisxlsavse cxovrebaSi da

swrafadve kulturulad `aberZnebda~ qarTvel mosaxleobas. Tuki qarTvelebs sparselTa winaaR-mdeg farad hqondaT qristianuli sarwmunoeba,berZnuli asimilaciisgan qarTvelebs araferi arifaravda. miuxedavad amisa,radganac saqarTvelos didi umTavresi nawili sparsTa gavlenis qveSimyofeboda,mTavari safrTxe mainc sparseTisgan modioda~.

a. jafariZe.

davaleba 31. wyaroebis 5-is,6-isa da 7-is mixedviT imsjele bizantiisa da sparseTis politikur intere-sebze qarTlis samefos mimarT.2. imsjele,Tu rogor aisaxa bizantia-sparseTis urTierTobebi qarTlis samefos politikurmdgomareobaze.

sparseTi qarTlze Tavisi gavlenis ganmtkicebas religiuri niSniTac cdilobda. qris-tianobas saqarTvelosTvis, sarwmunoebrivTan erTad, politikuri mniSvnelobac hqonda.gaqristianebiT qarTlis samefos kavSiri romis,SemdegSi bizantiis,imperiasTan kidev ufromtkicdeboda,rac sparseTis politikuri da kulturuli (religiurTan erTad) gavlenisSesustebasac moaswavebda. amierkavkasiis qveynebze batonobis gasamyareblad sparseTi cdi-lobda maTSi mazdeanobis gavrcelebas.

wyaro 8`sparseTis gavlenasa da batonobas somxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba uSlida xels... amis

gamo sparseTis mTavroba sul imis sagonebelSi iyo,rom qarTvelTa,somexTa da albanelTaTvissarwmunoeba Seecvala. winaT, roca am samTave xalxSi cecxlTayvanismcemloba gavrcelebuliiyo,sparseTTan maT sarwmunoebrivi kavSiri hqondaT da axlac sparseTis Sahin-Sahi da mTavrobamowadinebuli iyo,rom kavkasiaSi rogorme mazdeanoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gaexada~.

iv. javaxiSvili.

wyaro 12`am miznis misaRwevad iranelebma gadaw-

yvites am qveynebis izolacia arairanulisamyarosagan,maTi kulturis mospoba damosaxleobis sruli asimilacia. irane-lebs kargad hqondaT mofiqrebuli samo-qmedo gegma, romelsac didi Tanamimdev-robiTa da SeupovrobiT axorcielebdnen...Tavdapirvelad SemoiRes metad samZimosamxedro begara,romelsac mohyva axalisagadasaxado sistema. Semdeg iranelebiapirebdnen amierkavkasiis qveynebSi yovel-

gvari Sinagani politikuri damoukide-blobis likvidacias da qristianuli religiis mazdeanuriT Secvlas...

... unda daexuraT eklesiebi... gaerekaT mTeli qristianuli samRvdeloeba da samudamod aR-moefxvraT qristianoba amierkavkasiaSi. mogvebs unda gaexsnaT skolebi da mazdeanoba eswavlebinaTara marto didebulTa aramed ubralo mdabiurTaTvisac. unda gaevrcelebinaT,agreTve,iranuliwes-Cveulebanic,magaliTad,qorwinebis,dasaflavebisa da sxv.

raTa warmodgena viqonioT,Tu raoden masStaburad tardeboda es RonisZieba,sakmarisia aRin-iSnos,rom mxolod somxebs Svidasze meti mogvi mihyveboda~.

l. janaSia.

sur. 2.2.1.2. amierkavkasiis saxelmwifoebi (albaneTi).

davaleba 4

1. wyaro 8-isa da 9-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis religiuri da kulturuli politika am-ierkavkasiis xalxebis mimarT.2. imsjele sparseTis religiur-kulturuli eqspansiis mosalodnel Sedegebze amierkavkasiisqveynebisaTvis.


4/1660

wyaro 10`roca zogi aznauri gamdidrda da gaZlierda,mas ukve mefis morCileba aRar surda. garda

amisa,aznaurebs mefisagan mamulebi hqondaT miRebuli samsaxuris pirobiT. mefe am mamulebs TavissakuTrebad Tvlida. aznaurebs ki maTi daTmoba enanebodaT da sabolood miCemeba surdaT. gaCaRdabrZola mefesa da did aznaur-mTavrebs Soris. amiT isargebles sparselebma,mefis ukmayofiloaznaurebTan kavSiri gaabes da isini Tavis mxareze gadaibires~.

s. janaSia.

adgilobrivi didaznaurebis mimxrobiT sparseTma 428 wels SeZlo somxeTSi mefobisgauqmeba,rac,faqtiurad,qveynis damoukideblobis dakargvas niSnavda. 463 wels igive bedigaiziara albaneTis samefomac.

amierkavkasieli xalxebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mZime iyo sparseTis mier dakisrebulisamxedro begara _ Sahis moTxovniT mravalricxovani jaris gamoyvana Soreuli laSqro-bebisaTvis. aseTi politikiT sparseTi zrdida sakuTar samxedro SesaZleblobebs da sxvaqveynebis dapyrobiT ifarToebda samflobelos,amave dros asustebda misdami daqvemdebare-

buli qveynebis Tavdacvisunarianobas.dakisrebuli xarkis sidide ki mosaxleobis ekonomikur gaRatakebas iwvevda.

qarTvel warCinebulTa am nawilisgan sparseTis `erTguleba~ iseTive droebiTi movlenaiyo,rogorc maTi batonoba saqarTveloze.

wyaro 11`esreT ra ucalo iqmnes sparsni,maSin SeiTqunes yovelni erisTavni qarTlisani... da warg-

zavnes mociquli winaSe berZenTa mefisa da iTxoves,raTa... iyvnen erisTavni igi Tuis-TuissasaerisTaosa Seucvlelad~.

`qarTlis cxovreba~.

davaleba 51. wyaro 10-isa da 11-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis socialuri politika amierkavkasiis qvey-

nebis mimarT.2. imsjele,ra socialuri faqtori Seuwyobda xels qarTlSi sparseTis politikuri interesebisgatarebas.

damoukidebeli samuSaoSeajame,ra Sedegebi gamoiRo sparseTis mmarTvelobam qarTlis samefoSi da zogadad amierka-

vkasiis qveynebSi.

wyaro 12`TviTonac didad ukvirdaT saidan modis mTeli es ganZi, an rogor aris kidev es qveyana

Senebulio~eliSe,V saukunis somexi istorikosi.

ganmartebebi

neitraluri _ iseTi (qveyana,teritoria),sadac saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT ar SeiZleba omiswarmoeba,samxedro Zalebis ganlageba; vinc ar emxroba arc erT mxares brZolaSi.

berZenTa _ aq:,igivea rac bizantielTa.

saqarTveloIVsaukunid

anVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad sparseTi kargad iyenebda qveynebs SigniT arsebul winaaRmde-gobebs _ dapirispirebas mefis xelisuflebasa da msxvil miwaTmflobelTa nawils Soris.mefe sakuTari xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisTvis ibrZoda da am amocanis ganxorcielebas ga-Zlierebuli mTavrebis Zalauflebis SekveciT,maTi damorCilebiT cdilobda. warCinebulTanawili ki sakuTari privilegiebisa da SeuzRudveli Zalauflebis SenarCunebas eswrafodada mefis xelisuflebis dasustebiT dainteresebul sparseTs zogjer mokavSireobasac uw-evda. warCinebulTa umravlesoba mxolod piradi interesebiT rodi moqmedebda,_ maT kargad

esmodaT qveynis erTianobis mniSvneloba Tavisuflebisa da TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebisaTvisbrZolaSi,amitom maTi umravlesoba bolomde erTgulebda sakuTar samSoblos da qveynis Ta-visuflebisaTvis brZolaSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda.


qarTlissamefoIV-V

saukuneebSi


5/1661

saq




vaxtanggorgas

lismefoba

es sainteresoa:mefis mcirewlovanobis dros saxelmwifos vaxtangis deda _ sagduxti

ganagebda. Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, is warmoSobiT sparseli,

sparseTis CrdiloeTis provinciebis didi marzpanis Svili iyo. did marzpansemorCileboda qarTlis samefoc da,rogorc Cans,Tavis droze sagduxtisa daqarTlis mefis mirdatis qorwinebas politikuri xasiaTi hqonda. wyaroebismixedviT,sagduxti qarTlis Rirseuli dedofalia. man qarTuli ena da wes-Cveulebebi swrafad Seiswavla da qristianobac aRiara. didia misi damsaxurebaqarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. sagduxti mefe mirdatisgardacvalebisTanave eaxla mamas _ did marzpans, Seavedra mcirewlovanivaxtangi da gamoiTxova misi gamefebis nebarTva.

2. vaxtang gorgaslis mefoba

vaxtang gorgaslis gamefebis TariRi dRemde dauzustebelia. qarTuli saistoriowyaroebi moqcevai qarTlisai~ da, gansakuTrebiT, juanSeris `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~,marTalia,bevr saintereso cnobas gvawvdis vaxtangis mefobisa da im drois saqarTvelospolitikuri da kulturuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, magram qarTvel istorikosTa azriT,maTSi gadmocemuli ambebi zogjer istoriul sinamdvilesTan Seusabamoa,rig SemTxvevebSi ki,vaxtangis mefobis zRaprul aRwerilobas gvTavazoben.

istorikosTa umravlesoba vaxtangis gamefebis savaraudo TariRad V saukunis 40-ianiwlebis miwuruls asaxelebs. gaziarebulia is azric, rom gamefebisas vaxtangi mcirewlovaniiyo _ wyaroebis mixedviT Svidi wlis.

kiTxva1. Seni azriT,riT SeiZleba aixsnas istorikosTa mier cnobebis gazviadeba?

rogorc viciT,V saukunis Sua wlebSi qarTlis samefo sparseTis eqspansiis realurisaSiSroebis winaSe idga. samefo kari iZulebuli iyo Tavi sparseTis qveSevrdomad gamoecxadebina,eZlia misTvis xarki da,saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,mas samxedro ZaliTac daxmareboda.

arc qveynis SigniT iyo saxarbielo mdgomareoba. sparseTi mefis mowinaaRmdegewarCinebulebis gadabirebas cdilobda da sanacvlod maT xalSeuxeblobasa da did wyalobashpirdeboda. moxerxebuli diplomatiiT aRwevda kidec sawadels da romelime msxvil

xelisufals mainc aumxedrebda xolme mefes.sparseTis mxardaWeriT gandidebuli aseTi xelisufalia qvemo

qarTlis pitiaxSi varsqeni,romelic Sahis ndobisa da mxardaWerismosapoveblad uaryofs qristianobas da gamazdeanebuli,sparseTisdaxmarebiT daimedebuli,aSkarad upirispirdeba mefes.

sur. 2.2.2.1.vaxtang gorgasali.

wyaro 1

`... varsqenisa da SuSanikis damokidebuleba Sors gascda ojaxuridramis farglebs da didi sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivimniSvneloba miiRo. miuxedavad amisa,varsqeni aravis ar erideba:scemsTavis Zmas jojiks,romelic gamoeqomaga SuSaniks,joxs daartyams erTxucess; TviT umaRlesi samRvdeloebac ki erideba pitiaxSis risxvas...

amrigad, varsqenis risxvisagan SuSaniki ver daufaravs verc qarTuleklesias,verc qarTlis aznaurobas da,miT umetes,verc xalxs _ `wvrilers~.

... damaxasiaTebelia, rom `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ erTxelac ar ixsenieba qarTlis mefe. TviTTariRis aRniSvnis drosac iranis mefea moxseniebuli...~

l. janaSia.

igive iTqmis bolnisis sionis warweris (V s. 90-iani wlebi) Sesaxebac. sapitiaxSosteritoriaze am taZris ageba daTariRebulia sparseTis Sahis, perozis, zeobis wlebismixedviT.

sur. 2.2.2.2. SuSaniki.


6/1662

davaleba 11. riT aixsneba is faqti, rom `SuSanikis wamebasa~ dabolnisis sionis warweraSi araa moxseniebuli vaxtanggorgasali,xolo movlenebi ki daTariRebulia sparseTisSahis zeobis wlebiT.2. gansazRvre da Seafase varsqen pitiaxSis roli sparseTisada qarTlis dapirispirebaSi.

3. imsjele im Sedegebze, rac sparseTis socialurmapolitikam gamoiRo.

qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis brZola mxolod xalxis erTianobisa da saxelmwifossimtkicis pirobebSi gamoiRebda sasurvel Sedegs. amitomac mefem upirveles miznad SidawinaaRmdegobebis daZleva daisaxa.

sur. 2.2.2.3. bolnisis sioni.


vaxtanggor

gaslismefoba

saqarTveloIVsaukuni

danVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

wyaro 2`gorgaslis epoqis Tanadrouli bizantiuri da somxuri wyaroebis analizis safuZvelze...

leonti mrovelis mowmoba Seesabameba sinamdviles... rom qarTlis mefem vaxtang gorgasalmanamdvilad gaaerTiana dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelo V saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi...~.

d. musxeliSvili.

vaxtang gorgasals ara mxolod saero pirebi upirispirdebodnen, aramed maRalisamRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebic. maT xelmZRvanelobda mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli.

wyaro 3`... mTavar episkoposi iyo miqael da man miamTxvia (aukra) ferxi pirsa mefisasa vaxtangs. xolo

mefeman waravlinna mociqulni saberZneTs da iTxova mefisagan da patriarqisagan kaTalikozi.xolo man mosca petre kaTalikozi. da Tana hyvanda mas samoel monazoni,wmindai da Rirsi. daaRaSena qvemoi eklesiai vaxtang mefeman. da dasua petre kaTalikozi~.

`moqcevai qarTlisai~.

mefesa da mTavarepiskoposs Soris momxdari incindentis mizezebs istorikosebi ara-erTgvarovnad xsnian. erTiani azris ararseboba wyaroTa cnobebis simwiriTacaa ganpi-robebuli.

wyaro 4`episkoposebad am dros ukve warCinebulebs,aznaurebs vxedavT. am episkoposebs axla Tavisi mefe

iseve moZulebuli hyavdaT,rogorc mTavrebsa da sxva did aznaurebs. eklesias V saukuneSi ukve didimamulebi hqonda. am mamulebis gamo qarTlis mefesa da samRvdeloebas Soris iseTive brZola gaCaRda,rogoric mefesa da sxva did aznaurebs Soris iyo. amitom dauaxlovdnen erTmaneTs sparselebi daqarTlis samRvdeloeba. TandaTan qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi da episkoposebis umravlesoba sparseTismxares gadavida iseve,rogorc mezobel somxeTSi. samagierod sparselebi Tavis momxre episkoposebsuxvad ajildoebdnen. iyo iseTi SemTxvevac,roca qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac ki iyodaniSnuli sparselebis mier. ase daiwyo qarTlis mTavrebisa da episkoposebis brZola sparseTTanxelixel CakidebiT qarTlis mefis winaaRmdeg~.

s. janaSia.

wyaro 5`is garemoeba,rom dakrulva da eklesiidan gaZeveba (miqaelisagan) mefis garda spasac ewia...

imis momaswavebeli unda iyos,rom uTanxmoeba maSin marto mefis moqmedebis gamo ki ar unda iyosCamovardnili,aramed spas,e. i. maRal samxedro wres da raindobasac edeboda brali. maSasadame,vaxtang gorgaslis gegma da moqmedeba marto misi piradi ganzraxva ar unda yofiliyo,aramed,ammowinave samxedro wrisac.

amgvarad irkveva,kaTalikosobis dawesebasa da axal episkoposTa daniSvnasTan dakavSirebul

uTanxmoebaSi or mopirdapire banakTan unda gvqondes saqme. erTi mxriv yofila vaxtangi,`spa~da petre da samuel episkoposebi danarCeni 12 saepiskopozo piriTurT, meore mxriT, miqaelmTavarepiskopozi Tavisi TanamoazreebiTurT~.

iv. javaxiSvili.


7/1663


saq



vaxtanggorga

slismefoba

davaleba 21. wyaro 4-isa da 5-is safuZvelze gansazRvre da Camoayalibe is savaraudo mizezebi, romelTacmefesa da mTavarepiskoposs Soris dapirispirebis gamowveva SeeZlo.2. Seni azriT,ra saSiSroebas qmnida saxelmwifosaTvis samefo da saeklesio xelisufalTa Sorisdapirispireba?

mTavarepiskopos miqaelis winaaRmdegobis daZlevas vaxtangis mier qarTlSi kaTaliko-sobis daweseba mohyva.

wyaro 6`kaTalikosobis dawesebiT vaxtangi ramdenime miznis miRwevas cdilobda. pirvel yovlisa,eklesi-

is TviTmwysoba,cxadia,aZlierebda qveynis damoukideblobas. Semdeg,samefo xelisufleba,ueWvelia,met gavlenas iZenda mRvdelmTavarze,romlis arCevaSi mefes meti xma eZleoda. dabolos,vaxtangmamoicila mTavarepiskoposi (miqaeli),romelic,etyoba,mis mowinaaRmdegeTa banaks ekuTvnoda~.

l. janaSia.

wyaro 7`SemTxveviTi ar iyo qarTlSi sworad 12 saepiskoposos daarseba: amieridan qarTlis eklesias

gaaCnda sakuTari saeklesio kreba (saeklesio samarTliT saeklesio kreba 12 episkoposisagan undaSemdgariyo), romelic uflebamosili iyo Tavisi Sinagani saqmeebi _ episkoposTa xeldasxma _

gadayeneba _ TviTve ganego... es garemoeba adasturebs qarTlis eklesiis mier damoukideblobis,avtokefaliis miRebas~.n. lomouri.

kiTxvebi1. Seni azriT,ratom Sedgeboda saeklesio kreba 12 episkoposisgan?2. wyaro 7-is mixedviT ra uflebebi hqonda saeklesio krebas?3. rogor gesmis eklesiis `TviTmwysobis~,damoukideblobis mniSvneloba?4. Seni azriT,Seuwyobda Tu ara xels vaxtangis saeklesio RonisZiebebi samefo xelisuflebisganmtkicebas?

damoukidebeli samuSaoSeafase vaxtang gorgaslis mier ganxorcielebuli reformis saeklesio da saxelmwifoebrivi

mniSvneloba

es sainteresoa:`qristianul organizacias,qristianebis krebuls,berZnuli sityviT `eklesiiT~ aRniSnavdnen.SemdegSi qarTulad eklesia daerqva im Senobasac, sadac qristianebis krebuli Tavs iyridalocvisaTvis. raki qarTlSi qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gadaiqca,qarTlis eklesiamaciseTive wyobileba miiRo,rogoric hqonda qarTlis samefos... calke saerisTavoebis saeklesiosaqmeebs ganagebdnen episkoposebi,romelnic emorCilebodnen qarTlis anu mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs(saeklesio reformis Semdeg umaRlesi samRvdelo piri gaxda kaTalikosi). episkoposebseqvemdebarebodnen xucebi anu mRvdlebi... ~.

s.janaSia.

bizantiis imperiaSi saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb sainteresocnobas iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii:

`msoflio saeklesio kreba imperatorisa da saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitro-

politi ki ar iwvevs, aramed imperatori. krebas eswrebian ara TavianT samitropolitoebSiarCeuli episkoposebi,aramed imperatoris xelisuflebis Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da ga-moZaxebulni, ris gamoc yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo.krebis yvela gansazRvreba (aqti),kanoni da sarwmunoebis dogmati ZalaSi Sedioda,avtoritetsada qmediTobas iZenda imperatoris mier maTi damtkicebis Semdeg. amitom saeklesio krebisdadgenilebaTa mowinaaRmdege ganixileboda imperatoris gankargulebis mowinaaRmdeged da amisSesabamisad,saxelmwifo kanonebis Tanaxmad isjeboda~.

davaleba 31. Seqmeni saeklesio TanamdebobaTa ierarqiuli kibe an sqema.2. imsjele bizantiaSi saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb.


8/1664

ajanyebis dawyebas uSualod ukavaSirdeboda qarTlSi sparseTis mokavSire ZalebiswinaaRmdeg gadamwyveti ieriSis mitana. sparseTis orientaciis momxreTa erT-erTi aRiarebulimeTauri varsqen pitiaxSi iyo. mefem 482 wels varsqeni moakvlevina,rac erovnuli Zalebisdid gamarjvebad unda CaiTvalos.

kargad iqna SerCeuli ajanyebis dawyebis droc. sparseTs garTulebuli hqonda mdgomareobaSua aziaSi,ajanyebisTvis emzadebodnen somxebica da albanelebic. mezobel xalxebSi iranisadmi

mtruli ganwyoba,agreTve,Crdilokavkasiel xalxebTan damyarebuli kavSiri,karg safuZvels iZleoda dampyroblis winaaRmdeg saerTo kavkasiuribrZolis dawyebisaTvis.

ajanyeba warmatebiT daiwyo,_ moxerxda qarTlidan iranelebis gandevna.magram ajanyebulTa mdgomareoba mainc ar iyo sanugeSo. hunebis mierSepirebuli mravalricxovani jaris magier vaxtangs samas kaciani razmi ewvia.erTianoba arc somexTa Soris iyo. aqaur warCinebulTa nawili sparsulimmarTvelobis samsaxurSi idga. patriotTa banaki ki, cnobili sardlisvahan mamikonianis (SuSanikis mamis) meTaurobiT,marTalia,ajanyebaSi aqtiurmonawileobas iRebda, magram mcirericxovnobis gamo mowinaaRmdegesTanpirispir brZolas erideboda da mTis viwrobebSi iyo gamagrebuli.

wyaro 10`icoda (vahan mamikonianma) somexTa jaris sisuste da xedavda,rom mas dahkargvoda mxneoba,

dauZlurebuliyo da srulebiTac ara hgavda sxva drois gulmodginebasa da mondomebas~.lazar farpeci,somexi istorikosi.

gaerTianebuli qarTul-somxuri jari, vaxtangisa da vahan mamikonianis meTaurobiT,seriozul winaaRmdegobas uwevda sparseTis laSqars, magram misi damarcxeba da dawyebulibrZolis gamarjvebamde miyvana mainc ver SeZlo.

davaleba 41. imsjele vaxtang gorgaslis kavkasiuri politikis Sesaxeb.2. Seafase erTiani samxedro frontis mniSvneloba saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi.

sur. 2.2.2.7.vahan mamikoniani.

samefo xelisuflebis gantkicebisa da zogadadqveynis gaZlierebisken iyo mimarTuli is masStabu-ri aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba,rasac samefo kari awar-moebda.

wyaro 8`aRaSena naSenebiTa uzomoTa... amagrebda cixeTa da qalaqTa da

hkazmida mxedarTa da ganamzadebda brZolad sparsTa...~.`qarTlis cxovreba~.

sparseTis winaaRmdeg dagegmil omSi warmatebis miRweva mxolod qarTlis samefos ZalebiTZneli iqneboda. mezobel saxelmwifoebSi _ somxeTsa da albaneTSi,rogorc iciT,sparseTmamefoba gaauqma da es qveynebi uSualod daiqvemdebara. am viTarebaSi rTuli iyo erTianifrontis Seqmna da TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli Zalebis gaerTianeba.

vaxtang gorgasalma,pirvel rigSi,Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebTan _ osebTan,yivCaRebTanda hunebTan ganamtkica samxedro kavSiri. aseT mokavSireobas ukve didi xnis istoriahqonda da, bunebrivia, axlac, sparseTis winaaRmdeg gadamwyveti brZolebis dawyebis win,CrdilokavkasielTa mxardaWeras gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda.

wyaro 9`... Seqmna kari ovseTisani da aRaSena mas zeda godoli da daayena mas zeda mcvelni

maxlobelni mis adgilisani da uwoda karad mas darialisa, da aw Tvinier mefisa ver xel-ewifebis gadmosvlad~.

`wminda ninos cxovreba~.

sur. 2.2.2.6. nariyalas cixe.


saqarTveloIVsaukunidanVIIsaukunisInaxevra

mde

vaxtanggorgaslismefoba


9/1665

484 wels sparseTma amierkavkasiaSi mravalricxovani jari gamogzavna. vaxtangi egrisSigaixizna da axali laSqrobisaTvis mzadebas Seudga. arc sparselebis mdgomareoba iyo saxarbielo.iranis Sahi perozi,mowinave jarTan erTad aRmosavleTSi laSqrobis dros daiRupa. iranelTais jari ki,romelic saqarTveloSi salaSqrod emzadeboda,ukan iqna gawveuli.

wyaro 11`iranelebi uaRresad mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCndnen. aman aiZula isini mTel rig mniSvnelovan

daTmobebze wasuliyvnen... ajanyebuli somxeTis moTxovniT,iranelebma piroba dades SeewyvitaT

qristianobis devna,ar daerRviaT adgilobrivi tradiciebi da mniSvnelovani saqmeebi TviTon SahsgaerCia. iranelebma gamoacxades, rom isini ar adanaSaulebdnen ajanyebulebs, radgan ajanyebaTviT perozis Zalmomreobam gamoiwviao... 485 wels,ajanyebulTa meTauri vahan mamikoniani som-xeTis marzpanad daniSnes. iranelebi albanelebis winaSec wasulan daTmobaze. kerZod,iq maT me-foba aRudgeniaT...

ueWvelia,ajanyebas dadebiTi Sedegebi qarTlisTvisac unda moetana. amdenad,Tumca vaxtangmaver SesZlo sabolood gaeTavisuflebina qarTli iranuli uRlisagan, magram misma ajanyebamnawilobriv mainc miaRwia mizans. samwuxarod Cven ar SegviZlia imis Cveneba,Tu konkretuladraSi gamoixata es~.

l. janaSia.


saq

arTveloIVsaukunidanVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

vaxtanggorgaslismefoba

kiTxvebi1. Seni azriT,ra dadebiTi Sedegi SeiZleba moetana iranis winaaRmdeg ajanyebas qarTlis samefo-saTvis?2. wyaro 11-is mixedviT,riT dasturdeba,rom miuxedavad garkveuli warmatebebisa,qarTli mainciranis Sahis gavlenis qveS rCeboda?

wyaro 12`sparsma vinme sca isari mkerdsa vaxtangissa... damZimdawyluleba vaxtangisi, rameTu Seweul iyo isari firtuad(filtvi). da warvida ujarmos~.

`da iyo igi umaRles kacTa mis JamisaTa,da uSunieres saxiTa da Zlier ZaliTa,romel Wurvili(aRWurvili) qveiTi iremsa miewiis,upyris rqa da daiWiros, da cxeni Wurvili aRiRis mxarTazeda da mcxeTiT aRvidis cixesa armazisasa~.

`qarTlis cxovreba~.

garkveuli warmatebebis miuxedavad, vaxtangs arSeuwyvetia qveynis sruli TavisuflebisaTvis brZola.vaxtangis mematianis cnobiT, mefe erT-erT brZolaSidaWrila, rac misi sikvdilis mizezic gamxdara.

davaleba 51. yuradRebiT gaecani wyaro 13-s. Seni azriT, teqstis romeli nawili adasturebs istorikosebisvarauds juanSeris Txzulebis gazviadebulobis Sesaxeb?

2. gaixsene,ras niSnavs qarTulad vaxtang mefis metsaxeli _ `gorgasali~.3. gaixsene legenda Tbilisis daarsebis Sesaxeb.

damoukidebeli samuSaodawere ese vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis Sesaxeb. airCie SenTvis sasurveli Tema:1. vaxtang gorgaslis pirovneba.2. vaxtang gorgasali _ politikosi.3. vaxtang gorgasali _ reformatori.

ganmartebebi

eqspansia _ aq,igivea rac dapyroba.kontribucia _ fuladi gadasaxadi,romelsac omSi gamarjvebuli mxare damarcxebuls akisrebssazavo xelSekrulebis ZaliT.

dogmati _ igive dogma.dogma _ dausabuTeblad,brmad miRebuli debuleba,romelsac miiCneven uryev WeSmaritebad.

sur. 2.2.2.5. ujarmis cixe.


10/1666

davaleba 11. imsjele religiuri ganxeTqilebis mizezebze.2. imsjele im faqtorebze,ramac saeklesio ganxeTqileba gaamwvava da mas politikuri elferiSesZina.

wyaro 1`ar iqneboda swori,Tu warmovidgendiT,rom sparseTi qristianobis yovel mimarTulebas ebrZoda.

sparseTi mxolod im mimarTulebas,im frTas ebrZoda,romelic im momentSi romis (bizantiis)imperiaSi iyo aRiarebuli. TviTon sparseTSi mravali qristiani cxovrobda da sparselebisarcTu mcire nawili qristiani iyo,maT hqondaT TavianTi eklesia da TavianTi saeklesio ierarqia,xolo sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi xalxebi,magaliTad,sirielebi da somxebi qristianebi iyvnen,romelTa eklesiebic sparseTisaTvis misaRebi iyo~.

a. jafariZe.

wyaro 2`mis Semdeg,rac daeca somex mefeTa taxti (428 w.),somxeTSi sparsTa xelisuflebam fexi

mtkiced moikida,bizantiis imperiisadmi dapirispirebuli iranis Sahis kari im xanebSi mxars uWerdasiriuli kulturis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawinaaRmdegod (siriaSi gavrcelebuli iyomonofizitoba). siriul kulturas somxeTSi isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi gamdgari da mTavrobis

mfarvelobis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala frTebi~.mose xoreneli,somexi istorikosi.

davaleba 21. wyaro 1-isa da 2-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe sparseTis religiuri politika.2. Seswavlili masalis safuZvelze imsjele religiisa da politikis urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb.

3. saeklesio ganxeTqileba

V-VI saukuneebSi qristianuli samyaro didma saeklesio ganxeTqilebam moicva. erTmaneTsdaupirispirda ori mimarTuleba _ diofizitoba da monofizitoba. qristianuli moZRvrebisam ori konfesiis warmomadgenlebi RmerTis bunebas gansxvavebulad xsnidnen:diofizitebiqristeSi RvTaebrivTan erTad adamianur sawyissac xedavdnen, monofizitebi ki aqcentsmxolod mis RvTiur bunebaze akeTebdnen. erTi SexedviT dava saRvTismetyvelo sakiTxebs

exeboda da mas politikuri da erovnuli dapirispirebis xasiaTi TiTqos arc ki hqonda,magram, sinamdvileSi, am mimdinareobebis warmomadgenelTa Soris xangrZlivma da mwvavekonfliqtma sxvadasxva sfero moicva.

religiuri dapirispireba gascda qristianuli samyaros farglebs da masSi cecxl-Tayvanismcemeli sparseTic aqtiurad CaerTo. bizantiis imperiaSi oficialurad aRiarebuliiyo diofizituri eklesia,monofizitoba ki idevneboda. amdenad,bizantiis politikuri da,masTan erTad,religiuri mokavSireoba ukve ara zogadad qristianobis,aramed uSualoddiofizituri mrwamsis aRiarebiT mtkicdeboda. da piriqiT,imperiaSi akrZaluli da devnilimonofizitobis miReba konstantinopolTan politikur dapirispirebas niSnavda.

es kargad hqondaT gaazrebuli sparseTis mmarTvelebs. maTi upirvelesi amocana qristian

mosaxleobaSi mazdeanobis gavrceleba iyo,rac am xalxebis iranul samyarosTan daaxloebisada SemdegSi masTan Serwymis sawindari unda gamxdariyo. magram iq, sadac mazdeanobisgavrceleba SeuZlebeli xdeboda,sparseli politikosebi qristianobis im mimarTulebasuWerdnen mxars,romelic bizantiaSi idevneboda.


saqarTveloIVsaukun

idanVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

saeklesioganxeTqileba

sparseTis religiuri politika gansakuTrebiT mwvave xasiaTs somxeTSi Rebulobs. som-xeTis iraneli mmarTvelebi yoveli gziT cdilobdnen adgilobrivi eklesiis Camocilebasbizantiisgan.

wyaro 3`(sparsi mmarTveli) ra wignsac ki waawydeboda,igi wvavda, brZana,rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara

berZnuli wera-kiTxva,aravis hqonda ufleba elaparaka berZnulad anda eTargmna am enidan. amas TiTqos imitomSvreboda,rom somxebs jer kidev ar gaaCndaT anbani da berZnulad asrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas~.

mose xoreneli.


11/1667


saq

arTveloIVsaukunidanVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

saeklesioganxeTqileba

bizantiis xelisufleba da saeklesio pirebi cdilobdnen viTarebis gamosworebas. am mizniTmaT scnes somxeTis eklesiis damoukidebloba,raTa rogorme SeerbilebinaT misalodnelidapirispireba da ramdenadme mainc SeenarCunebinaT sakuTari gavlena somxur eklesiaze. rigSemTxvevebSi ki, mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad somxeTSi cnobil diofizit RvTismetyvelebsagzavnidnen,raTa maT eqadagaT xalxisaTvis berZnuli qristianobis upiratesoba.

kiTxva

1. Seni azriT,ra gavlenas iqoniebda sparseTis religiuri politika somxeT-bizantiis politi-kur da kulturul urTierTobebze?2. ra saSualebebiT cdilobda bizantia somxeTis eklesiaze gavlenis SenarCunebas?

rac Seexeba qarTul eklesias, mas maincdamainc ar ganucdia sparseTis religiuripolitikis gavlena. marTalia,qarTlSic Camoyalibda monoTeisturi Temebi,magram am processmasStaburi xasiaTi ar miuRia. qarTveli xalxis politikuri da religiuri mrwamsimkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli qarTul hagiografiul nawarmoebSi `wminda raJdenis cxovreba~.

wyaro 6`aRdges sparsni qristianeTa zeda... rameTu didi iyo maSin brZola da daucxromeli mtroba

qristianeT zeda da ufroisad berZenTa mimarT,xolo Cuen qarTvelT mimarT amisaTvis,rameTueZneleboda Cueni berZenTa mimarT siyvaruli da erToba da eseiyo neba maTi,raTa Cuenca maTTana mter veqmneT berZenTa~.

wyaro 7`... 574 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi monofizitobas simtkice

ukve Seryeuli uCans da qalkedonianobas (diofizitobas)qarTul saeklesio wreebSi TanagrZnoba ukve mopovebuli hqonia.asurel mamaTa moRvaweobis faqti swored qalkedonianobissaqarTveloSi am gamarjvebis gagebas gviadvilebs. rogorcasurel berebs qalkedonianobis TavianTi rwmenis gabatonebisaTvis samSoblo miutovebiaT daalbaneTSi misulan saqadagod,iseve momxdara saqarTveloSic da asureli mamebi mosulan. Sinaganmasarwmunoebrivma brZolam,asurel mamaTa energiulma moRvaweobam,bizantiisaken cxadad gadaxrilipolitikuri orientaciis mZlavrma gavlenamac qalkedonianobas saqarTveloSi monofizitobazegamarjveba SeaZlebina~.

iv. javaxiSvili.

sur. 2.2.3.1. qalkedonis taZari.

davaleba 3wyaro 4-isa da 5-is mixedviT imsjele qarTuli eklesiis sarwmunoebrivi da politikuri poziciebisurTierTmimarTebaze.

religiurma ganxeTqilebam qarTvel da somex samRvdeloebas Soris mwvave diskusias mis-

ca biZgi. orive mxare erTnairi mondomebiT cdilobda saeklesio erTobis miRwevas, magramyoveli aseTi mcdeloba urTierTbraldebebis wamoyenebiT sruldeboda.

qarTlis kaTalikosi arseni brals sdebda somxeTis samRvdeloebas politikuri mosazrebiT_ sparseTis SiSiTa da misi mokavSireobis surviliT,diofizituri mrwamsisagan gadaxvevaSi.

wyaro 6arsen kaTalikosis cnobiT,Sahma xosro I-ma somxebs mosTxova `erTi orTagan gamoirCieT _ an

miiReT asurelTa sarwmunoeba (monofizitoba) anda datoveT Tqveni qveyana da datoveT sparseTisimperiis sazRvrebio. somxebi Zalian Sewuxdnen,maT arc sarwmunoebis Secvla surdaT da arcqveynis datoveba...~. sabolood maT mainc sparseTis winaSe daTmoba arCies da gadawyvites _ `...umjobesia Cveni sikvdili,vidre amJamad berZenTadmi mibruneba,qveynidan meored ayra-gadasaxleba

da Cveni amowyveta siRaribeSio... ~.

sapasuxo werilSi somexTa kaTalikosi abraami WeSmariti sarwmunoebidan gandgomiladqarTul mxares asaxelebda.


12/1668

wyaro 7`Tqven axla rom qadiliT mogvwereT Cven _

Cvensa da Tqven mamebs wminda grigolma ierusalimissarwmunoeba misca da Cven igive gvaqvso,aba kargadgamoiZieT da naxeT,rom Tqvenc da sxvebic mravalni,wminda qalaqis (ierusalimis) mkvidrebTan erTad,SeicvaleT misgan, ara Tu igive gaqvT, xolo Cven

exlac ierusalimis sarwmunoeba gvaqvs~.

damoukidebeli samuSao1. imsjele qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqilebis mosalodnel politikur Sedegebze.2. isaubre tolerantobis,kompromisis mniSvnelobaze religiuri ganxeTqilebis dros.

ganmartebebi

konfesia _ garkveuli religiuri mimdinareobis aRmsareblobis Tavisebureba.

tolerantoba _ sxvisi azrebis,rwmenis Semwynarebloba.kompromisi _ urTierTdaTmobis gziT miRweuli SeTanxmeba.

sur. 2.2.3.3. eCmiaZini,somxeTissaeklesio centri.


qarTlissamefoVIsaukuneSi

saqarTveloIVsaukuni

danVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

4. qarTlis samefo VI saukuneSi

vaxtangis gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTlis samefo taxtze misi Ze daCi adis.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT:

wyaro 1`aman daCi mefeman iwyo Senebad qarTlisa,samefo mooxrebul iyvnes xevni qarTlisani,Tuinier

kaxeTisa da klarjeTisa da egrisisa. da ganasrula zRudeni Tbilisisani,da,viTa ebrZana vaxtangs,igi Seqmna saxlad sameufod~.

amave periodSi samefo karze mwvavdeba politikuri oriantaciis sakiTxi,rac saxelmwifoSigarkveuli ganxeTqilebis safuZveli xdeba.

wyaro 2`mieriTgan ganiyvnes naTesavni vaxtang mefisani. rameTu Svilni daCisani hmonebdes sparsTa,

xolo Svilni mirdatisni daadges morCilebasa berZenTasa~.`qarTlis cxovreba~.

sparseTis winaaRmdeg aqtiuri pozicia daikava mefe gurgenma. bizantiisgan daxmarebiTdaimedebulma mefem 523 wels sparseTis winaaRmdeg ajanyeba moawyo.

wyaro 3`imperatorma... petre strategosi gagzavna ramdenime

huniTurT rom is daxmareboda gurgens,ramdenadac SesaZlebeliiyo. amave dros kavadmac (iranis Sahi) didZali jari gagzavnagurgenisa da iberebis winaaRmdeg... gurgenma rom dainaxa, rom

is sustia, sparselTa ieriSis atanisaTvis, radgan romaelebis(bizantielebis) gamogzavnili damxmare Zalebi sakmarisi ar iyo,lazikaSi gaiqca iberTa yvela didebuliTurT da Tan waiyvanacoli,Svilebi da Zmebi... lazikis sazRvrebSi rom movidnen, aq sur. 2.2.4.2. imperatori iustiniane.


13/1669


saqarTveloIVsaukunidanVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

qarTlissamef

oVIsaukuneSi

gaCerdnen da Znelad gadasasvleli adgilebiT daculni,igeriebdnen mters. sparselebi ki daedevnenmaT,magram maincdamainc veraferi daakles,radgan saqmes aferxebda Zneladgasasvleli adgilebi.Semdeg iberebi bizantionSi Cavidnen~.

prokopi kesarieli.

sparseTma ajanyebis marcxiT isargebla da qarTlSi samefo xelisufleba gaauqma. amieridanqarTls marTavs marzpani _ iraneli moxele,romelsac sruli Zalaufleba upyria xelT.

wyaro 4gaqristianebul sparss,evstats,mcxeTeli mogvebi Seipyroben da gansasjelad mcxeTis sparsel

cixisTavs miuyvanen. cixisTavi ase mimarTavs maT:`amis kacisa patiji me arara xelmewifebis,arcapyrobileba,aramed waruZRuano ege tfiliss qalaqsa,qarTlisa marzpansa... rameTu yovlisa kacisaqarTlisa mas xel-ewifebis sikudili da cxoreba~.

`evstati mcxeTelis martviloba~.

davaleba 11. wyaro 3-is mixedviT imsjele qarTlis ajanyebis damarcxebis mizezebze.2. imsjele qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis gauqmebis Sedegebze.3. wyaro 4-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe marzpanis xelisufleba.

bizantiaSi gadaxvewili gurgeni cdilobs, daxmareba imperatorisgan miiRos. misi mizaniaqarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis aRdgena da qveynis ganTavisufleba sparselebis batonobisgan,magram male,532 wels,bizantiasa da sparseTs Soris e.w. `saukuno zavi~ daido.

wyaro 5`SeTanxmdnen erTmaneTTan sazavo pirobebSi,saxeldobr,rom orive mxare daabrunebda im adgilebs,

romlebic am omSi erTmaneTs waarTves... romaelebma misces sparselebs farangioni da bolonissimagre (mdinareebis:Woroxisa da araqsis saTaveebTan mdebare simagreebi), xolo sparselebmaromaelebs _ lazikis simagreebi~.

prokopi kesarieli.

zavi mebrZol mxareTagan srulad arc erTs ar akmayofilebda da miRweuli SeTanxmebac,rogorc mosalodneli iyo,droebiTi aRmoCnda.

davaleba 2imsjele,ra mniSvneloba hqonda am zavs bizantia-iranisa da saqarTvelosTvis.

es sainteresoa:`sasanidebis imperia administraciuli TvalsazrisiT oTx mxared iyo dayofili,romelTac

sparsulad qustebi an qustakebi ewodeboda... es kustakebi, Tavis mxriv, calkeul qveynebadnawildeboda. kavkasiis kustaki 13 aseTi qveynisgan Sedgeboda, romelTa Soris pirveli iyoatropatakani (azerbaijani),meore _ armni (somxeTi),mesame _ varjani (qarTli),meoTxe _ rani

(alvaneTi)... da a.S. TiToeuls,rogorc wesi,`marzpani~ (mxaris ufrosi) marTavda~.d. musxeliSvili.

am droisaTvis iranSi jer kidev mZvinvarebda mazdakidebis ajanyeba. misi sulisCamdgmeliiyo vinme mazdaki,romelic qadagebda adamianTa Soris gabatonebuli siZulvilisa da mtrobismospobas, rac sikeTiTa da SemwynareblobiT unda Secvliliyo. mazdakis azriT, siZulvilsada urTierTmtrobas iwvevda materialuri uTanabroba, simdidrisa da siRatakis gverdigverdarseboba. mazdaki moiTxovda qonebis gaTanasworebas, agreTve, qalis uflebrivi mdgomareobisgaumjobesebas,misTvis sakuTrebis flobisa da gankargvis uflebis miniWebas. mazdakis moZRvrebamale gavrcelda mosaxleobis dabal fenebSi da mZlavr ajanyebaSi gadaizarda. ajanyebulebiarbevdnen warCinebulTa saxlebs, itacebdnen maT qonebas... saboloo jamSi, ajanyeba marcxiT

dasrulda. mazdaki da misi mravali mimdevari ki sikvdiliT iqnen dasjilni.davaleba 3

1. imsjele mazdakis moZraobis gamomwvev mizezebze.

2. Seafase mazdakis moZRvrebis socialuri Sinaarsi.


14/1670

wyaro 6ìqmnes SfoTi didi sparseTs

Sina~.èsreT ra ucalo iqnes sparsni,

maSin SeiTqunes erisTavni qarTlisani,zemoni da qvemoni, da wargzavnesmociquli winaSe berZenTa mefisa,da iTxoves, raTa uCinos mefenaTesavTagan qarTlisaTa da raTaiyvnes erisTavni igi Tvis-TvissasaerisTavosa Seucvlelad. maSin keisarman aRasrula,Txovna maTi,da mosca mefed... romelsa erquaguaram,romeli mTavrobda klarjeTs da javaxeTs... amas guarams misca keisarman kurapalatoba dawarmogzavna mcxeTas~.

`qarTlis cxovreba~.

VI saukunis bolosaTvissparseTis Zalaufleba qarTlSiTandaTan sustdeba:

wyaro 7`Sekrba qarTli ganaCines erisTavad guaram didi. ese iyo pirveli erisTavi~.

`moqcevai qarTlisai~.

`mTavrobda gurgeni (guaramis momdevno xelisufali),xolo iberTa dedaqalaqi maSin tfilisiiyo~.

Teofane bizantieli,VI saukunis istorikosi.

sxva wyaroebi guaramsa da mis memkvidreebs mefeebad ar moixsenieben.

kiTxvebi

1. ra pirobas uyeneben erisTavebi bizantiis imperators?2. rogor fiqrob,ratom daTanxmda imperatori erisTavebis moTxovnebs?3. rogor fiqrob, guaramisa da misi memkvidreebis xelisufleba mefisas Seesabameba Tu erisTavT-erisTavisas,anu èrismTavrisas~?4. riT gansxvavdeba mefisa da erismTavris xelisufleba erTmaneTisgan?

sur. 2.2.4.3. bizantia da sparseTi.



mde

qarTlissam

efoVIsaukuneSi

davaleba 4wyaros safuZvelze imsjele qarTlis mmarTvelobiT xasiaTze; miiCnev Tu ara mas srulyofilad?

daasabuTe Seni mosazreba.

qarTli gansakuTrebiT gaZlierebuli Cans stefanoz I-is mmarTvelobisas (daaxl.593_604 ww.). misi xelisufleba mTlianad moicavs sparselTa politikuri gavlenisagan

srulad ganTavisuflebul aRmosavleT saqarTvelos.

wyaro 8`... sparseTSi bizantielTa wyalobiT gamefebuli xosro II keTilganwyobil atmosferos

qmnis qristianTa mimarT da qristianoba iq mazdianizms upirispirdeba. meore mxriv bizantia,romelic didi xania ibrZoda qarTlis dasaufleblad, dainteresebuli unda yofiliyo qarTlissiZlieriT Tavisi Crdilo-aRmosavleTi periferiis da, kerZod, lazikis usafrTxoebisaTvis,romlis mimarT iranis pretenziebi,ra Tqma unda,bizantiis samefo kars kargad axsovda. aseTipolitikuri viTareba qarTlisaTvis,misi kulturuli da politikuri aRorZinebisaTvis,friadxelsayreli iyo da es ar SeiZleboda ar gamoeyenebina mis gamgebels~.

d. musxeliSvili

damoukidebeli samuSaoimsjele im sagareo faqtorebis Sesaxeb,romlebmac xeli Seuwyves qarTlis kulturul da

politikur aRmavlobas.


15/1671


saqarTveloIVsaukunidanVIIsaukunisInaxevramde

5. egrisis (lazikis) samefo IV-VI saukuneebSi

IV-V saukuneebis bizantiuri wyaroebi kolxeTs egrisad moixseniebdnen _ `kolxeTiaris igive egrisi... ~. mas aseve lazikasac uwodebdnen.

wyaro 1àfSilebi da abazgebi... ZvelTaganve lazTa qveSevrdomebi arian... ~.

prokopi kesarieli.àrc lazebi da arc TviT svanebi ar miiCneven sadavod, TiTqos svaneTi winaT lazTaqveSevrdomebi ar yofiliyos, arc imas,rom svaneTis mmarTvels lazTa mefis gadawyvetilebiTeniWeboda Zalaufleba~.

menande protiqtori,bizantieli istorikosi.

kiTxvebi1. ra saxis gaerTianebad warmogvidgeba lazika?2. garda CamoTvlilisa,Seni azriT,kidev romel qarTvelur tomebsa dakuTxeebs moicavda lazTa samefo?

es sainteresoa:egrisi sityva ègridan~,igive `megridan~,momdinareobs da aRniSnavs`megrTa~ e. i. megrelTa saxelmwifos. es ki imas niSnavs,rom egrisis samefo,romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxvadasxvaqarTveluri tomebisagan Sedgeboda,megruli modgmis tomTa hegemonobiTSeiqmna da SemdegSiac,isini am saxelmwifoSi wamyvan politikur Zalaswarmoadgendnen. rac Seexeba lazebs, isini megrelebisgan eTnikur-tomobrivad TiTqmis arc ganirCeodnen.

egrisis(lazik

is)samefoIV-VIsaukuneebSi

sur. 2.2.5.1. lazikis droSa.

egrisis gaZlierebas im drois saerTaSoriso politikuri viTarebac uwyobda xels.romis imperia IV saukunis II naxevridan axlo aRmosavleTSi TandaTan Tmobs poziciebs.aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi Zlierdeba iranis politikuri gavlena. sparseTi axla ukveSavizRvispireTSic gegmavs gabatonebas, rac regionidan romis imperiis gaZevebis tolfasiiqneboda.

im viTarebaSi, rodesac roms aRar ZaluZs daicvas Tavisi mokavSireebi `sparsulisafrTxisagan~, Zalauneburad Tanxmdeba mokavSireebis gaZlierebas, im pirobiT, rom isiniimperiasTan `megobrul~ urTierTobas SeinarCunebdnen.

lazikis mimarT sakuTari interesi hqonda sparseTsac. Sahi kargad acnobierebda, romegrisSi gabatonebaze: ìqneboda damokidebuli, rommosazRvre barbarosebma yovel weliwads arbion romaelTamiwa-wyali. Tqven albaT iciT (eubnebian Sahs mrCevlebi),_ rom lazTa qveyana dRemde kavkasiis mTebis safars

warmoadgens... agreTve, lazikis mezoblad mosaxlehunebisganac sparsTa saxelmwifo samudamod daurbeveliiqneboda... kavkasiaSi mosaxle barbarosebisaTvis lazikearis mxolod sawinaaRmdego tixari...~ (prokopi kesarieli).

lazika sxva mxrivac iyo ucxoTaTvis mimzidveli:

sur. 2.2.5.2.lazika.

wyaro 2`puri maT (svanebs) kolxTa mefisagan egzavnebodaT... ~.`(lazika) Seicavs mravals mWidrod dasaxlebul sofels... Rvinoc kargi modis da sxva

nayofic iq kargad xarobs... ~.`(lazebi) mudam awarmoebdnen pontoSi mcxovreb romaelebTan sazRvao vaWrobas... ~.

prokopi kesarieli.`svanebis sardali emorCileboda lazs da masTan aRricxuli iyo saxarko siaSi da lazi

kidevac iRebda misgan futkris nayofs da tyavebs da zog sxva ramesac... ~.menandre protiqtori.


16/16



mde

eg

risis(lazikis)samefoIV

-VIsaukuneebSi

davaleba 11. imsjele im pirobebze,romlebmac xeli Seuwyves lazikis samefos gaZlierebas.2. teqstisa da wyaro 2-is mixedviT ra faqtorebma ganapiroba romisa da sparseTis dainteresebalazikis samefoTi?

lazika kulturuladac dawinaurebuli qveyanaa. misi dedaqalaqia cixe-goji, igivearqeopolisi.

wyaro 3`arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad

gamovlenili iqna qalaqis grandiozulisafortifikacio (samxedro-TavdacviTi)sistema, Sida qalaqis teritoriaze _ori abanos Senoba, romelTagan erTi,Tavisi gegmarebis sirTuliT,daxvewiliarqiteqturuli formebiT, gamoirCevayvela msgavsi amavdroindeli nagebobisagansaqarTvelos teritoriaze... qalaqisqveda teritoriaze ganlagebuli iyo

sasaxle, sameurneo nagebobani da IV-V saukuneebis uZvelesi eklesiebi. ar-qeologiuri masala, romelic Seicavsadgilobriv keramikul nawarms (Wur-Weli, kramitebi), minis nakeTobebs

(WurWeli,fanjris minebi),rkinis iaraRis (isris wverebi,javSnis firfitebi,danebi) da importulimasalac,aSkarad mowmobs,rom IV-V saukuneebis cixe-goji warmoadgens msxvil qalaqur dasaxlebas,administraciul-politikur,saeklesio da savaWro-saxelosno centrs~.

d. musxeliSvili.

davaleba 2

gaixsene dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebi; wyaro 3-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe Zveli qalaqi _CamoTvale mTavari nagebobebi,aRwere mosaxleobis ZiriTadi saqmianoba.

sur. 2.2.5.3. cixe-goji.

rogorc viciT, 523 wlis ajanyebas qarTlSi samefo xelisuflebis gauqmeba da sparseTisuSualo mmarTvelobis damyareba mohyva. sparseTi axla ukve daufaravad acxadebda pretenziebsdasavleT saqarTvelozec.

bizantiam,lazikis SesanarCuneblad,gazarda iq Tavisi laSqris raodenoba da strategosebisZalaufleba, rasac egrisis mefeTa xelisuflebis dasustebasTan erTad adgilobrivimosaxleobis mdgomareobis gauaresebac mohyva.

Seviwroebuli lazebi bizantiis mimarT mxardaWeras sul ufro naklebad amJRavnebdnen.isini sparseT-bizantiis dapirispirebis procesSi TiTqos ganze gadgnen da bizantielebs

samxedro mxardaWeras ar ucxadebdnen.

safrTxis moaxloebasTan erTad, bizantia sul ufro metad ereva egrisis saSinaosaqmeebSi da VI saukunis dasawyisSi faqtobrivad iqvemdebarebs kidec mas.

wyaro 4`mefem gadawyvita gaegzavna jari da sardali irene. iberiis sazRvrebidan rom Sedixar,iqvea

lazebis miwa. wyalze ori simagrea, romelTa dacva ZvelTaganve adgilobrivi mcxovreblebissazrunavs Seadgenda... iq ar modis arc xorbali, arc Rvino da arc sxva ram sikeTe. sxvaadgilidan risame Semozidva, viwrobebis wyalobiT, SeiZleba mxolod ise, Tu kacebi TviTonmoitanen... (bizantiis imperatorma undoblobis gamo) gamoiyvana iqidan es mcvelebi da romaeljariskacebs ubrZana simagreebis sadarajoze damdgariyvnen. Tavdapirvelad maT lazebi awodebdnenZlivs-ZliobiT saWiro sursaTs, magram Semdeg maT uari ganacxades am samsaxurze da romaelebmaes simagreebi datoves; isini xelT igdes sparselebma sruliad gaurjelad... ~.

prokopi kesarieli.

Documents

II Tema. SaqarTvelo IV Saukunidan VII Saukunis I Naxevramde