Illegal Beliefs

Crime and SocietyAdam Crymble

Next Week’s Prep• Clive Emsley, Tim Hitchcock and Robert Shoemaker,

‘Crime, Justice, and Punishment: The Historical Background to the Proceedings of the Old Bailey’, The Old Bailey Online.

• Tim Hitchcock, Sharon Howard and Robert Shoemaker, ‘Researching Crime’, London Lives.

• Tim Hitchcock, Sharon Howard and Robert Shoemaker, ‘Researching Poverty’, London Lives.

I want you to dive into the digital archives and look for three (3) exemplary primary sources from BEFORE 1750 that you think epitomise the unique challenge London faced with regards to crime and poverty. Look for something that gives an interesting insight into metropolitan life and that you can share with the class. At least one of your examples must be from each of The Old Bailey Online, and London Lives. It would be helpful if you could print off an extra set of your sources so that we can more easily discuss them in small groups.

Outline

• 16th c– Confessional Monarchy– Religious Conformity– Martyrdom

• 17th c– Protestant in-fighting– Migration to America

• 18th c– Systematic Anti-Popery– Penal Laws in Ireland

Confessional Monarchy

• State has an official religion

• Religion is a subset of gov’t

• Controlling the outward expression of belief Elizabeth I

Attempts at Uniformity (Protestantism)

• Edward VI• Book of Common Prayer• Archbishop Cranmer

• Problem of local variations and traditions

Edward VI: 1547-53

Queen Mary I (Catholicism)

• Abrupt return to Catholicism

• Daughter of Spanish Princess, Catherine of Aragon

• Reinstates ‘Heresy Acts’

Mary I: 1553-58

Lollardy

• 15th century early religious ‘protest’ movement

• Rejected transubstantiation (bread and wine into body and blood)

• English Bible• Some political

elementsBurning of John Oldcastle, 1417

Mary I and ‘Heretics’

• 283 Protestants burned, 1553-1558

• ‘Bloody Mary’• Including Archbishop

Cranmer• Mostly religious

leaders

Burning of Bishop Hooper, 1555

Protestant Martyrs

William Tyndale, from Foxe’s Book of Martyrs (1563)

• William Foxe• Returns under

Elizabeth I• Book of Martyrs

Papal Bull 1570

Gunpowder Plot, 1605

17th c. Protestant in-fighting

• Puritans vs Arminians– Parliament vs King

• Quakers– Pennsylvania, New Jersey,

Delaware• Catholics

– Maryland• Baptists, Congregationalists,

Presbyterians, Anabaptists, etc.

Quaker Meeting

England’s Relationship with Ireland

• Catholic nation

• Henry VIII – ‘Lord of Ireland’

• ‘The Pale’ – around Dublin

• Slow increase of power

Irish Plantations, 1550s-1605

• Replacing Irish Catholics w English and Scottish Protestants

Oliver Cromwell and Ireland – 1650s

Irish Mural

‘An Accompt of the Bloodie Massacre in Ireland’, 1642

The Penal Laws (1690s-1750s)

Summary

• 16th c– Confessional Monarchy– Religious Conformity– Martyrdom

• 17th c– Protestant in-fighting– Migration to America

• 18th c– Systematic Anti-Popery– Penal Laws in Ireland