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      Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors Project : OSCAR   Developer : Dhanya.P

Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

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Page 1: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

              Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors

Project : OSCAR

  Developer : Dhanya.P

Page 2: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

                   Contents

1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors.

2. Rules of reflection for curved mirrors.

3. Mirror Equations

4. Characteristics of the image formed by a concave mirror                     according to the position of the object .

5. Characteristics of the image formed by a convex mirror according     to the position of the object. 6. Interactive Session.

Page 3: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

   Various terms Associated with Spherical Mirrors

  Spherical Mirror :A curved mirror formed by a part of a hollow glass sphere with a reflecting surface (created by depositing silver metal) is also referred to as a spherical mirror.

  Concave Mirror:A concave mirror is a curved mirror with the reflecting surface on the hollow side (created by depositing silver metal on the outer curved side). 

Convex Mirror :    A convex mirror is a curved mirror with the reflecting surface on the outerside

Page 4: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

    Centre of Curvature : The centre of curvature  of a curved mirror is            defined as the center of the hollow glass sphere of   which the curved           mirror was (previously) a part.

     Radius of curvature  The radius of curvature of a curved mirror is              defined as the radius of the hollow glass  sphere of which the                       spherical mirror was (previously) a part.  Note that any line drawn from       the center of curvature C to the mirror  surface meets it at right                     angle  and equals the radius of curvature.      Principal Axis  :The principal axis of a curved mirror is defined as the              imaginary line passing through its pole P and center of curvature C.

    Focus  :The principal focus  is defined as the point on the principal axis        where the light rays traveling parallel to the   principal axis after                   reflection actually meet (for a concave mirror) or  appear to meet (for a         convex mirror).

Page 5: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

   The principal focus is in front of the concave mirror and is behind the convex mirror.

The focal length (denoted by FP in the figure) is the distance between the pole P and the principal focus F of a curved mirror.Note that the focal length is half the radius of curvature. 

     Focal Length = Radius of Curvature/2

 Pole :  The pole  is defined as the geometric center of the curved mirror.

Page 6: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

Rules of Reflection for Curved Mirrors 1. Any light ray traveling parallel to the principal axis is 

reflected by the curved mirror through the principal focus.                                                                                                    It either actually passes (for a concave mirror) or appears to pass (for a convex mirror) through the principal focus.

2. Any light ray that passes (for a concave mirror) or appears to pass (for a convex mirror) through the principal focus is reflected by the curved mirror parallel to the principal axis.

3. Any light ray that passes (for a concave mirror) or appears to pass  (for a convex mirror) through the center of curvature retraces its initial   path after reflection by the curved mirror.                                                           This is shown in Slide 7                  

Page 7: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

| |                                      Centre of curvature              Focus    Pole

Page 8: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

  1/f = i/do + 1/di  Magnification (M) = ­ di/do   f – Focal length of the  mirror  di ­ Distance of the image from the Pole

                   Mirror Equations 

 

    *f  is +ve  in the case of concave mirror.     *f is ­ve in the case of a convex mirror.    * di is +ve  if the image is a real image and located on the                        object's side of the mirror.    * di is ­ve  if the image is a virtual image and located                              behind the mirror.    

Page 9: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

  Characteristics of the Image Formed by a Concave                 Mirror  According to the Position of the Object

  When the object is at infinity in the case of a concave mirror,   the image formed has the following  properties.            1. The image is real.      2. The image is inverted.      3. The image is highly diminished to a point.      4. The image is formed at the principal focus in front of the concave             mirror.

Page 10: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

  

  

  image

P

               Object at Infinity

FC

Page 11: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

   When the object is between infinity and the center       of curvature in front of a concave mirror,   the image formed has the following properties.

     1. The image is real.     2. The image is inverted.     3. The image is diminished.     4. The image is formed between the principal focus and the           center of curvature in front of the concave mirror.

         This is shown below

Page 12: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

||  C  F

  object

  image

P

 Object beyond the Centre of Curvature

Page 13: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

   When the object is placed at the principal focus in front       of a concave mirror, the image formed has the                     following properties.

     1. The image is real.     2. The image is inverted.     3. The image is highly enlarged.     4. The image is formed at infinity in front of the concave mirror.

Page 14: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

||  C

  F

  object

P

             Object at the Principal Focus

Page 15: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

 When the object is placed between the pole and the principal focus in front of a concave mirror,the image formed has the following  properties.

   1. The image is virtual.   2. The image is erect.   3. The image is enlarged.   4. The image is formed behind the concave mirror.

Page 16: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

||         

FC P

  Object between Pole and Principal Focus

 Object

Image

Page 17: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

    When the object is placed between the principal focus and the center of curvature in front of a concave mirror,the image formed has the following  properties.

    1. The image is real.    2. The image is inverted.    3. The image is enlarged.    4. The image is formed beyond the center of curvature in front of the               concave mirror, but not at infinity.

Page 18: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

||    F

 Object is between Centre of Curvature and  Focus

P

Object

Image

Page 19: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

    When the object is placed at the center of curvature in front of a concave mirror,the image formed has the following  properties.

    1. The image is real.    2. The image is inverted.    3. The image is of the same size as the object.    4. The image is formed at the center of curvature in front of the                concave mirror.

Page 20: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

| |C FP

                 Object is at the Centre of Curvature

 Object

  Image

Page 21: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

                        Image Formation by a Convex Mirror

      Characteristics of the Image Formed according to the position of                                                  the  object

When the object is at Infinity    1. The image is virtual.  2. The image is erect  3. The image is highly diminished to a point  4.  The image is formed at the principal focus behind the convex mirror.   

Page 22: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

When the object is anywhere between the pole and                     infinity in front of the convex mirror

 1.  The image is virtual. 2.   The image is erect. 3.  The image is diminished. 4.  The image is formed between the principal focus and the pole                behind the convex mirror.

Page 23: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

| |Object Image      F C

       When the object is anywhere between the pole and                     infinity in front of the convex mirror

Page 24: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

                      Interactive Session   There will be a window having two buttons named ' Concave Mirror'  and 'Convex Mirror' .  User can click any  of them.While clicking on the 'Concave Mirror' button,  a concave mirror, object and its image will be displayed in the window. (This is shown in slide 25)   User can change the position of the object along the principal axis of the concave mirror by clicking the bottom of the object and dragging the mouse along the principal axis. and can see how the image is formed accordingly. The  conditions that he can distinguish in the case of a concave mirror are  1. Object at infinity  2. Object between infinity and C  3. Object at C  4. Object between C and F  5. Object at F  6. Object between F and P      

Page 25: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

  If the user clicks on the 'Convex Mirror' button,then a convex mirror, and object and its image will be shown.

User can change the position of the object in front of the mirror along the principal axis by dragging the mouse horizontally.

Page 26: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

||    F

 

P

(Clicked)

  Object

  Image

Page 27: Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors - Kanwal Rekhivijaya/oscarteam/dokuwiki/... · 2006-07-28 · Contents 1. Terminologies associated with Spherical/curved mirrors. 2. Rules of

          THE END