Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001 Chapter 4 Introduction to Computer Organization

Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001 Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

Chapter 4Chapter 4Introduction to Computer Introduction to Computer

OrganizationOrganization


Chapter OutlineChapter Outline

• System OrganizationSystem Organization

• CPU OrganizationCPU Organization

• Memory Organization and InterfacingMemory Organization and Interfacing

• I/O Organization and InterfacingI/O Organization and Interfacing

• Relatively Simple ComputerRelatively Simple Computer

• 8085-based Computer8085-based Computer


Basic Computer OrganizationBasic Computer Organization


System ComponentsSystem Components

• CPU/MicroprocessorCPU/Microprocessor

• Memory SubsystemMemory Subsystem

• I/O SubsystemI/O Subsystem


System BusesSystem Buses

• Address BusAddress Bus

• Data BusData Bus

• Control BusControl Bus


Instruction CycleInstruction Cycle

• FetchFetch

• DecodeDecode

• ExecuteExecute


Instruction FetchInstruction Fetch


Types of I/O OrganizationTypes of I/O Organization

• Isolated I/OIsolated I/O

• Memory-mapped I/OMemory-mapped I/O


CPU OrganizationCPU Organization


Types of MemoryTypes of Memory

• Static RAMStatic RAM

• Dynamic RAMDynamic RAM

• ROMROM

• PROMPROM

• EPROMEPROM

• EEPROMEEPROM


Memory Chip Organization - Memory Chip Organization - LinearLinear


Memory Chip Organization - Memory Chip Organization - Two DimensionalTwo Dimensional


Combining Memory Chips to Combining Memory Chips to Increase Word SizeIncrease Word Size


Combining Memory Chips to Combining Memory Chips to Increase Address SpaceIncrease Address Space


Low-order InterleavingLow-order Interleaving


von Neumann Architecturevon Neumann Architecture

• Instructions and data mixedInstructions and data mixed

• Used in modern computersUsed in modern computers


Harvard ArchitectureHarvard Architecture

• Instructions and data separateInstructions and data separate

• Used in low-level cache memory designUsed in low-level cache memory design


Big Endian Data OrganizationBig Endian Data Organization

• Most significant byte firstMost significant byte first


Little Endian Data Little Endian Data OrganizationOrganization

• Least significant byte firstLeast significant byte first


Input Device OrganizationInput Device Organization


Output Device OrganizationOutput Device Organization


Bidirectional I/O Device Bidirectional I/O Device OrganizationOrganization


I/O Interface EnhancementsI/O Interface Enhancements

• READY signalREADY signal

• InterruptsInterrupts

• DMADMA


Relatively Simple Computer Relatively Simple Computer SpecificationsSpecifications

• Relatively Simple CPURelatively Simple CPU

• 8K ROM starting at 0000H8K ROM starting at 0000H

• 8K RAM starting at 2000H8K RAM starting at 2000H

• Memory-mapped, bidirectional I/O port Memory-mapped, bidirectional I/O port at 8000Hat 8000H


Relatively Simple Computer Relatively Simple Computer Organization - CPU DetailsOrganization - CPU Details


Relatively Simple Computer Relatively Simple Computer Organization - Memory DetailsOrganization - Memory Details


Relatively Simple Computer Relatively Simple Computer Organization - Final DesignOrganization - Final Design


INCLUDE EXTERNAL INCLUDE EXTERNAL ANIMATION FROM JAVA ANIMATION FROM JAVA

SIMULATOR HERESIMULATOR HERE


8085-based Computer 8085-based Computer SpecificationsSpecifications

• 2K EPROM starting at 0000H2K EPROM starting at 0000H

• 256 bytes RAM starting at 2000H256 bytes RAM starting at 2000H

• Four 8-bit I/O ports at 00H, 01H, 19H, Four 8-bit I/O ports at 00H, 01H, 19H, and 1AHand 1AH

• One 6-bit I/O port at 1BHOne 6-bit I/O port at 1BH


Demultiplexing the AD signalsDemultiplexing the AD signals


8085-based Computer Organization8085-based Computer Organization


SummarySummary

• Basic Computer OrganizationBasic Computer Organization

• CPU OrganizationCPU Organization

• Memory Chip Internal OrganizationMemory Chip Internal Organization

• Memory Subsystem OrganizationMemory Subsystem Organization

• I/O Port Organization and InterfacingI/O Port Organization and Interfacing

Documents

Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001 Chapter 4 Introduction to Computer Organization