Imote2

Lama Nachman

Intel Corporation Research

Santa Clara, CA

Imote2 Design Goals

Focus on a “value add” mote Demanding applications / data processing Industrial applications

Use Intel silicon Incorporate learnings from Imote design and

deployments Condition based monitoring Water pipeline monitoring Structural monitoring / damage detection

Expand usage model Compute server / simple gateway Linux

Imote 2 components

Low active power @ 13 MHz Ultra low voltage at low speeds (0.85V up to 104 MHz)

Enhanced Low power modes Many voltage domains Deep sleep (0.1mW) SRAM banks can be individually turned off

Enhanced I/O options (sensor boards, alternate radios) I2C, SPI, UART, CIF, USB, SDIO All I/O pins can be configured as GPIOs

Scalable performance (DVS : power/performance tradeoff) Internal 256K SRAM Stacked 32MB FLASH/SDRAM option, to reduce form factor size Wireless MMX and ARM5VTE DSP

Useful for in-network data processing (FFT, compression, peak detection, etc)

Security co-processor

PXA 271 Features

Radio Choices

Too early to commit to a single radio for WSN Different applications might need different radios

802.15.4 looks promising (medium data rate, low power) Bluetooth has the ubiquity advantage 802.11 has the installed infrastructure advantage

Need to compare the characteristics of different radios and their suitability for WSN

Imote2 has an onboard ChipCon CC2420 (802.15.4) Other radio options will be enabled through SDIO cards and

UART/USB

802.11b

Bluetooth

Sensor Board Connectors

Split the connectors into 2 sets basic (front side of the board) Advanced (back side of the board)

“Architectural” pins, will be supported in future Imote generations Platform dependent pins, can change in later generations Use two connectors on each side of the board

Basic Connector (31 pin, 21 pin, 1 mm pitch) I2C, SPI, UART, GPIO Support most application needs Enable low cost sensor boards

Advanced Connector (40 pin, 20 pin, .65 mm pitch) Camera, high speed bus, AC97, I2S Targeted for specialized applications

Other components

PMIC Support all 9 voltage domains Battery charger, DVS, battery voltage monitoring

Antenna GigaAnt surface mount antenna (Imote1 learning) Optional SMA connector (Imote1 learning)

Mini USB connector Tri-color LED Crystals

Bulverde requires 13 MHz and 32.768 KHz crystal ChipCon radio requires 16 MHz crystal

Reset button

Usage : Primary, USB/power, Rechargeable Added battery pads on board

Imote2 Power Solution

USB Plug

Vchg Vbat

Primary Battery

Rechargeable Battery

PMIC

1 2

5V V

4.5V Max

External Battery Board Examples

Primary Battery Pads On mote board

Jumper Position 1 : No rechargeable Battery in system Position 2: Rechargeable Battery in system

USB min-B plug on mote board Could be used as power-only plug as well

Vbat on connector

Other Features

No A/D on mote board Reduce cost

Digital sensors don’t need it Applications have different A/D requirements (Number of channels,

sampling rate, filtering, etc) A/D will be integrated into the sensor board

Create generic A/D sensor board to enable quick proto-typing of analog sensors

SDIO Connector is too big (30x30 mm) and costly ($1.74) to be

included on Imote2 board Pins will be exposed through basic connector Create SDIO connector board

Status Dev board in Q3

Collection of plug-in boards Enable S/W development Currently running TinyOS

15.4 radio Basic drivers : Timers, SPI

First form factor board (Q4/’04) Debug board (Q4/’04)

JTAG, expansion headers, USB Power & battery holder

2nd spin of form factor board (Q1/’05)

Backup

Copyright © 2004, Intel Corporation

Existing sensor interfaces Basic sensor interfaces

Analog I2C SPI PWM Custom bit-banged digital interfaces

Sensor families Light (usually analog or PWM and some I2C)

Thermopile (mostly analog, some PWM) Ultraviolet (analog or PWM) IR (analog, PWM, and a few I2C) Visible Light (analog, PWM, and a few I2C) Color sensors (PWM)

Magnetic (analog, I2C) Sound (analog)

Ultrasound (analog, PWM) Accelerometers (SPI, I2C, analog and PWM) Temperature sensors (I2C, analog and PWM) Pressure sensors (analog, SPI) Humidity (custom I2C) Touch sensors (analog or PWM)

A/D (SPI, I2C, parallel)

BOM Cost EstimateItem Description Cost

PXA 270/271/273 Discrete / 32M F+S / 32M F $17.75 / $32.44 / $23

 PMIC Dialog power management IC $3.75

CC2420 ChipCon 15.4 Radio $3.6

Crystals 13 MHz, 16 MHz, 32KHz ~$2.8

Antenna Giga Ant surface mount $1.5

LED + Driver Agilent $1

Connectors Basic (2) + Advanced (2) $1 + $1.6

Passives ~ $9

Fab + Assembly Rough estimate from imote1 ~ $10

Total With PXA 270 / 271 / 273 $52 + F / $67 / $57

Prices above assume 1K units, except for PXA and PMIC (special Intel pricing) PXA 270 configuration will need an external flash + bringing out addr/data bus

Mote feature comparison

Feature Imote Micaz Telos Mica2 Imote 2

CPU type @[MHz] 32bit ARM @12 8bit Atmel @8 16bit TI @8 8bit Atmel @8 32b XS@13(104)

SRAM [kB] 64 4 10 4 256/32,000

FLASH [kB] 512 128 + 512 48 KB / 1024 KB 128 + 512 32,000

Radio BT 802.15.4 802.15.4 300-900MHz 15.4 (BT/802.11)

Bandwidth [kb/s] 720 250 250 15 250 (720/11,000)

Power C/R/T [mA] 15 / 24 / 24 8 / 20 / 18 1 / 20 / 18 8 / 10 / 27 40/20/18

Power sleep [uA] 1-250 27 6 19 1-100

Security HW 4LFSR-128 AES-128 AES-128 N Y

OS support TinyOS TinyOS TinyOS TinyOS TinyOS

Imote

Research goals Explore more demanding applications (is there a need for a value add

mote?) High data rates In network processing

Gain experience with Mote development Explore needed features (processing power, radio characteristics, I/O

options, RAM, flash, form factor, etc) Imote2 definition

Cost reduction No volume in WSN currently Reduce cost by leveraging another high volume market ARM7 + BT radio module cost the same as 8 bit Atmega

Early Motes

Early Motes (UCB) focused mainly on low power (Mica, Mica2, Mica2 Dot) 8 bit micro-controllers (Atmega128L, 8 MHz) 4 KB of RAM Low bandwidth radio (15 Kb/s, 300–900MHz) Active processor power = 24mW Sleep power = 45uW

Suitable for low data rate applications requiring only minimum data processing

Imote features

ARM* coreSRAMFLASHBT radio

Stackable connectors (top and bottom)

2.4 GHz antenna

Multicolor status LED

Optional external antenna connector

Optional voltage regulator (bottom)

*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Imote hardware

Intel® Mote is a modular, stackable design Main board (ARM* core, SRAM, FLASH, BT radio) Power supply board (battery, AC, solar, …) Sensor board(s) Other boards (alternate radio, debug, actuator, …)

Backbone I2C interconnect provides power, signaling

Power board

Main board

Sensor board

Backbone interconnect*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others

Learnings from Imote(Condition Based Monitoring App) Higher bit rates and MAC reliability are very

useful features Reduce total energy of the system Enable higher collection frequency

Extra RAM is useful Reduce sensor board cost by leveraging internal RAM Eases development considerably

Bluetooth resilience to interference

Basic Connector

SCL

SDA

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

10

11

12

13

14

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

26

27

28

29

SSPCLK

SSPFRM

SSPTxD

SSPRxD

GND

MMCLK

MMCMD

15 31

MMD0

MMD1

MMD2

MMD3

31 pin

16GPIO 93

FFRxD

FFTxD

FFCTS

FFRTS

BTRxD

BTTxD

BTCTS

BTRTS

SSPCLK2

SSPFRM2

SSPTxD2

SSPRxD2

GPIO 94

GND

Hirose DF9

7GPIO 10

30

8

25

I2C

SPI 1

SPI 2

UART 1

UART 2

SDIO

Reserved

Reserved

STD_RxD

STD_TxD

1.8 V

3.0 V

Alarm

GND

STDUart

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

10

11

12

13

14

17

18

19

20

21

15

21 pin

16

VBAT

VBAT

GND

Reserved

ResetReserved

ReservedReserved

Reserved

Hirose DF9

7

8

5 V

Reserved

VRTCVCC_IO

Reserved

Reserved

Futureexpansion

Advanced ConnectorImote2 specific

20 pin

Hirose DF15

40 pin

BB_OB_DATA0

CIF_DD9CIF_DD8CIF_DD7CIF_DD6

BB_OB_DATA1BB_OB_DATA2BB_OB_DATA3BB_OB_CLKBB_OB_STBBB_OB_WAIT

BB_IB_DATA0BB_IB_DATA1

BB_IB_DATA2BB_IB_DATA3

BB_IB_CLKBB_IB_STB

BB_IB_WAIT

SDASCL

GPIO 10

GND

GND

FFRXD

FFCTSFFTXD

GND

SSPCLKSSPFRMSSPTxDSSPRxD

FFRTS

I2S_BITCLKI2S_DATAIN

I2S_DATAOUTI2S_SYNC

I2S_SYSCLK

GND

Hirose DF15

VBAT

VBATVBAT

1.8V

TCK

USBH_PUSBH_N

TMSTDOTDI GND

3.0V

Reset

5V

GND Alarm

nTRST

123456

91011121314

1516

78

17181920

21222324

26272829

31

30

25

32333435

3637383940

123456

910

111213141516

78

17181920

I2S or AC97

SPI 1

I2C

MSL &CF

MSL &CF

FF UART

JTAG

USB Host

STD_RxDSTD_TxD STD

Uart

VCC_IOVRTC

Reserved

CF

Sensor Boards

Copyright © 2004, Intel Corporation

Backward Compatibility + Generic Analog input Need to quickly enable using existing sensor

boards on Imote2

Develop a board that has the following Imote connectors MICA2 connector Generic 8 channel, 16 bit A/D

Enable prototyping of analog sensors Support analog inputs on MICA2 connector

Stargate Adapter board

Connects to basic sensor board connector on the imote

Connects to the MICA 2 connector on the stargate

Wires Power & UART (2 pins)

Imote2

(Top View)

Basic I/O connector

Basic I/O connector

Dialog PMIC

36 m

m

48 mm

PXA273

LED

Crystals

Imote2

(Bottom View)

36 m

m

48 mm

Advanced I/O connector

Advanced I/O connector

Crystal

Antenna

Optional SMAconnector

Mini USBConnector

CC2420