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Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
web services
Impacts of web services
. P. Bogaert Ph. De Maeyer
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Approaches
Human thinking pattern
Technologic aspects
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
DBMS - 1
DBMS - 2
CAD - 1
CAD - 2
vector GIS - 1 raster GIS - 1
GIS - 2
GIS - 3
GIS - 4
matricial maps
imageprocessing
intranet and internet
knowledge andexpertsystems
main frames'70
mini'80
micro'90
2000 ...
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
History of GIS computing
Accessibility
Time
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Evolution of the Internet
Arpanet
TCP-IP:communication
protocol
Tim Brenners-Lee and the WWW
applicationHigh Perfomance Act
+ Webbrowsers
1969 1993-1995 1989 1978
Number of users
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
How many people use the WWW
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
How many people use the WWW
Source :CyberAtlas 2005
Relative number of users0 - 5.315.31 - 15.3115.31 - 29.6529.65 - 50.8150.81 - 68.51No Data
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
How many people use the WWW
Alsolute number of users200 - 37200003720001 - 1388000013880001 - 4188000041880001 - 9980000099800001 - 185550000No Data
Source :CyberAtlas 2005
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
How many people use the WWW?
Source :CyberAtlas
0
200000000
400000000
600000000
800000000
1000000000
1200000000
1995 1998 2000 2005
1 000 000 000
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Impact?
Advantages of webcartography:
• facilities for actualisation of data;• large diffusion (and quick (!?) diffusion) of the information;• interactivity;• zooming facilities and multi-window approach;• possibilities for creating personalised maps using personal selections of information and
map layers and using personalised symbolisations;• facilities to integrate multimedia, including sound, animations, …;• less limitations of diffusion of large amounts of maps and accompanying information;• possibility to deliver a product that is free for customer (all times wished?);• ….• accessibility
– Available worldwide– All you need is a PC and a connection– GSM / Pocket PC– …
• actuality– Almost real-time– But!! Keep information up to date!!
• interoperability
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Impact ?
Disadvantages of webcartography:
• limited image resolution, but …;• limitation in overview and limitation in the covered surface , but …;• difficulties for mental mapping;• disappearance of copyright concept (fuzzy copyright interpretations by users); • legal issues (law and directives for privacy, databases, software, …) • language (choice, globalisation)• data quality? (origin, completeness, actuality, scale, precision, accuracy and consistency: geometric and semantic) •
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Due to Accessibility of Data
A distributed system is an application that runs on different computers, with different operating systems, at different locations and different connections but for the user it seems to be one system only
Distributed GI-System
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Presentatie Verwerking Gegevens
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software: Division point
Presentatie Verwerking Gegevens
Remote presentation
Distributed Presentation
Distributed function
Remote Data Access
Distributed database
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Presentation Logical data
Distributed PresentationInteractivity
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Presentation Logical data
Distributed function
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Presentation Logical data
Remote Data Acces
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Presentation Logical data
Distributed database
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Partitioning in software
Thin Thick
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Client/Server architecture applied to a GIS
• Two, three, n-tier systems
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
Exchange standards
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• GML• Geography Markup Language
• is an XML grammar written in XML Schema for the modelling transport, and storage of geographic information.
– ISO standard (commision TC211)
– Developed by OGC (Open Geospactial Consortium)
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• GML• Geography Markup Language
• GML 2.0– Simple features: point, line polygon, no curves
– 2D
• GML 3.0– GML 2.0
– + 3D
– + Topology
– + complex features
– + temporal aspects
– + reference systems + …
– 8 times as big
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• WMS (Web Map Service)
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• WMS (Web Map Service)
– Exchange of geographic information via images
+ =+ …
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards• WMS (Web Map Service)
– Operations
• GetCapabilities
• GetMap
• (GetFeatureInfo)
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• WFS (Web Feature Service)
– Instead of an image, features are send
– Allows operations
– Answer in GML
– Basic WFS vs. Transition WFS
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards• WFS (Web Feature Service)
– Operations
• GetCapabilities
• DescribeFeature
• GetFeature
• Transaction
• LockFeature
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Exchange standards
• Others:
– Catalog Service for the Web (Metadata)
– Web Coverage Surface (Coverages)
– …
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Considerations concerning the medium
• Client-Server Architecture.
Browser(Internet Explore,
Netscape, ...)
Webserver(IIS, Apache,...)
Client Server
Communication
Request
Answer
Client Computer
The connectionServing Computer
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Considerations concerning the medium
• Client Computer:– Screen resolution (800x600 of 1024x768 …)
• Keep maps small
• Interactive maps can adapt to the users screen resolution
– Colours (256 colours or more?)• Use with web save colours only (256 standard colours)
– Plug-ins (available / installed?)• Avoid Plug-ins
– Browsers (Netscape, Internet Explorer, Opera, … ?)• Use Standards (HTML / DHTML)
• Online validation of the code via W3C
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Considerations concerning the medium
• The communication
– Does the client/server have a broadband/smallband connection
– How long does it take to view the map (5 seconds)
World Wide Web <> World Wide Wait !!!
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Considerations concerning the medium
• The connection
– Keep the information to be sent as small possible
– Compression!
– Use interactivity!• Send only the information which is asked for
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
AM/FM-GIS Belux - 08 november 2005 - Grimbergen.
Considerations concerning the medium
• The serving computer:
– Do all systems that generate maps work on my system?(Windows, Unix, Linux, …)
– Do I have a strong enough computer to cope with:• Number of visitors
– Memory
– Connection
• Maps to be generated– Storage
– Memory
– …
Imp
acts
of
web
ser
vice
s
Thanks
Philippe De Maeyer | Peter Bogaert{philippe.demaeyer , peter.bogaert}@ugent.be
Universiteit Gentwww.geoweb.ugent.be