Imperialism and the Imperialism and the Victorian EraVictorian Era

Take CN as you read the power Take CN as you read the power point. point. Refer to the Glencoe Refer to the Glencoe text book when it tells you text book when it tells you to.to. Do what it tells you to do Do what it tells you to do for these pagesfor these pages

Define the following in your Define the following in your spiralspiral

1.1. ImperialismImperialism2.2. CapitalismCapitalism3.3. NationalismNationalism

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

1.1. ImperialismImperialism – – A policy in which a A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, other countries politically, economically and sociallyeconomically and socially

2.2. Capitalism – Economic system in Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are which the means of production are privately owned and operated for privately owned and operated for profitprofit

3.3. Nationalism – The belief that Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than to a and a history, rather than to a king or ruler.king or ruler.

Imperialism Imperialism or or

NationalismNationalism??

Does this picture Does this picture depict imperialism depict imperialism or nationalism? or nationalism? Explain your Explain your answer in your CN. answer in your CN.

Why Imperialism? Why Imperialism?

Empire BuildingEmpire Building EconomicsEconomics Political and Military Political and Military

InterestsInterests Power and AuthorityPower and Authority Nineteenth Century – Nineteenth Century –

1800s1800s British Dominance - called British Dominance - called

the Victorian Era after the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years (page 579 and for 64 years (page 579 and 600)600)

The Sun Never Sets on the The Sun Never Sets on the British EmpireBritish Empire

Examine the map below. What does the Examine the map below. What does the title mean? title mean?

Imperialism and Empire - AfricaImperialism and Empire - Africa 1880 – Most of 1880 – Most of

Africa consisted of Africa consisted of independent independent statesstates

1914 – With the 1914 – With the exception of exception of Ethiopia and Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Liberia, all of Africa was Africa was controlled by controlled by EuropeansEuropeans

Imperialism and the Imperialism and the Victorian EraVictorian Era

1. Open your book to page 1. Open your book to page 655 and answer the 655 and answer the following question on the following question on the back of the notes handout:back of the notes handout:

2. Name the only two 2. Name the only two countries in Africa which countries in Africa which had NOT been taken over had NOT been taken over by European countries in by European countries in 1914.1914.

Queen VictoriaQueen Victoria

Forces Enabling African and Forces Enabling African and Indian ImperialismIndian Imperialism

European technological superiorityEuropean technological superiority• SteamboatsSteamboats• Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun• LocomotiveLocomotive• TelegraphTelegraph

Europeans had the means to control their Europeans had the means to control their empiresempires• Easy travelEasy travel• Wide spread communicationWide spread communication

African and Indian disunityAfrican and Indian disunity• Huge variety of culturesHuge variety of cultures• Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures• Huge business interests and support fromHuge business interests and support from

companiescompanies

British in IndiaBritish in India British East India company British East India company

controlled much of India with a policecontrolled much of India with a policeforce made up of sepoys. force made up of sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private policeMuslim mercenary private police..

Indian Crops: opium poppies for saleIndian Crops: opium poppies for salein China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire.the British empire.

Cotton textile making outlawed in India so that Cotton textile making outlawed in India so that the Indian people would be forced to buy British the Indian people would be forced to buy British cloth.cloth.

India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.”in the Crown.”

British in IndiaBritish in India Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion

Textbook – page 667. Answer the question in the box Textbook – page 667. Answer the question in the box entitled “Picturing History.”entitled “Picturing History.”

The Sepoy Rebellion - 1857The Sepoy Rebellion - 1857(or Sepoy Mutiny) was (or Sepoy Mutiny) was caused by a rumor that caused by a rumor that new bullets were greased new bullets were greased with cow and pig fat.with cow and pig fat.

Cow: sacred to Hindus. Cow: sacred to Hindus. Pig: Unclean to Muslims.Pig: Unclean to Muslims. Sepoys refused to use the new ammo and were arrested by the British.Sepoys refused to use the new ammo and were arrested by the British. This touched off a revolt which slaughtered more than 50 European This touched off a revolt which slaughtered more than 50 European

men, women and children.men, women and children. British sent in more troops. Indian armies outnumbered.British sent in more troops. Indian armies outnumbered.

230,000 to 40,000.230,000 to 40,000. British seized control of all of India.British seized control of all of India. Queen Victoria became Empress of India.Queen Victoria became Empress of India.

Imperialism and Empire - IndiaImperialism and Empire - India

The Sepoy Rebellion The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of invade and control all of India and its neighbors by India and its neighbors by 1914.1914.

This was the RAJ.This was the RAJ. The British also controlled The British also controlled

Australia, New Zealand Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest The worlds’ biggest empire!empire!

Imperialism and Empire – IndiaImperialism and Empire – India

Gandhi In 1915 Gandhi began a

NONVIOLENT struggle for India’s independence from Great Britain.

In 1930 Mohandas Gandhi publicly opposed the British law against the production and sale of salt in India.

He led thousands of Indian people to the sea to harvest salt. The British could not arrest everyone!

In protest of the British law against Indian textile making, Gandhi himself spun the thread for every garment he wore.

GandhiGandhi

Imperialism in China – Answer the questions in the Imperialism in China – Answer the questions in the “Geography “Skills box” page 684“Geography “Skills box” page 684

Because of repeated Because of repeated attempts at invasion, attempts at invasion, China distrusted China distrusted foreigners and tried to foreigners and tried to remain isolationist.remain isolationist.

They were unsuccessful.They were unsuccessful. Britain gained Britain gained spheres of spheres of

influenceinfluence in China through in China through smuggling opium. smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium Wars Resulted in Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion. and the Boxer Rebellion.

British East India Company: British East India Company: Tea and OpiumTea and Opium

Tea tradeTea trade Tea demand in England Tea demand in England

explodes.explodes. Trade with China is imbalanced.Trade with China is imbalanced. Tea trade is net drain in Silver.Tea trade is net drain in Silver. Opium from AfghanistanOpium from Afghanistan (then (then

part of British India) sold to part of British India) sold to China to prevent the outflow of China to prevent the outflow of silver from Britain.silver from Britain.

Raw cotton and opium fromRaw cotton and opium from India became the stapleIndia became the staple British imports into China.British imports into China. British East India Company British East India Company

becomes a drug dealer.becomes a drug dealer.TEATEA

Opium PoppyOpium Poppy

Opium War in China Opium War in China • Opium cheap.Opium cheap.• Population develops a Population develops a

dependency.dependency.• Chinese appeal to Chinese appeal to

Britain.Britain.• Request the Queen Request the Queen

stop the opium trade.stop the opium trade.• British government British government

does not reply.does not reply.• China searches British China searches British

ships.ships.• Chinese throw opium Chinese throw opium

cargo into the ocean.cargo into the ocean.

The opium addict The opium addict often sold all his often sold all his possessions to pay possessions to pay for the opium. This for the opium. This woodcut shows an woodcut shows an addict's wife being addict's wife being sold to support his sold to support his habit.habit.

Treaty of Nanking – Treaty of Nanking – British declare war:British declare war: First Opium War 1839 – 1842First Opium War 1839 – 1842 British WinBritish WinThe Treaty of Nanking = Unequal TreatyThe Treaty of Nanking = Unequal Treaty ExtraterritorialityExtraterritoriality

• British get special legal statusBritish get special legal status• Only answer to British Law, even when in Only answer to British Law, even when in

ChinaChina Most Favored NationMost Favored Nation

• The “me too” clauseThe “me too” clause Open PortsOpen Ports Open TradeOpen Trade Tariffs controlled by treaty, not by ChinaTariffs controlled by treaty, not by China

Open Door Policy –Open Door Policy – United States wanted access United States wanted access

to China trade, along with to China trade, along with the British.the British.

Feared other nations would Feared other nations would beat them to China.beat them to China.

1889, 1889, John Hay, John Hay, US secretary US secretary of state proposed Open Door of state proposed Open Door Policy.Policy.

All countries with economic All countries with economic interests in China should interests in China should have equal access to Chinese have equal access to Chinese markets.markets.

No one consulted China!No one consulted China! Use your OPTIC skills & Use your OPTIC skills &

explain the cartoon on the explain the cartoon on the leftleft

Suez Canal - 1875Suez Canal - 1875(page 654)(page 654)

Europeans needed a faster way to Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the get from the Mediterranean to the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

The French and the Egyptians, with The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.to connect the two water bodies.

Because Egypt could not pay their Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britainto Great Britain

1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.over control of the canal.

Suez Suez CanalCanal

Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea

RedRed

SeaSea

Why would Why would a route a route between between these 2 seas these 2 seas be worth the be worth the time & cost? time & cost? Explain the Explain the significance significance of this of this canal.canal.

Suez CanalSuez Canal

Nile RiverNile River

Draw a picture illustrating the events below in the box provided. Below each Draw a picture illustrating the events below in the box provided. Below each picture, list the dates of the events and explain the event’s significance in World picture, list the dates of the events and explain the event’s significance in World History. Include key individuals and major countries involvedHistory. Include key individuals and major countries involved

Sepoy RebellionSepoy Rebellion Gandhi and Gandhi and Nonviolent Nonviolent ResistanceResistance

Opium War Opium War and Treaty of and Treaty of

Nanking Nanking

Open Door Open Door Policy and Policy and Spheres of Spheres of InfluenceInfluence

Boxer Boxer RebellionRebellion

Slide 22Slide 22

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America

Early imperialism Early imperialism called called Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny – – to expand from to expand from “sea to shining “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War the Mexican War and the Civil War and the Civil War have been called have been called examples of such examples of such imperialism. imperialism. Explain why.Explain why.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America Americans moved out into the Americans moved out into the

Pacific Ocean in the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii Took control of Hawaii (Sandwich Islands.)(Sandwich Islands.)

Pineapple and sugar Pineapple and sugar plantations were created.plantations were created.

Christian missionaries Christian missionaries established churches.established churches.

American companies replaced American companies replaced the old Hawaiian monarchy.the old Hawaiian monarchy.Queen Liliuokalani, Queen Liliuokalani,

last monarch of last monarch of HawaiiHawaii

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America Japan – in 1853 Japan – in 1853

Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with opened up trade with Japan by threatening Japan by threatening military action military action (page 698). (page 698).

Gun Boat DiplomacyGun Boat Diplomacy Japanese opened up trade Japanese opened up trade

to everyone. By 1930, to everyone. By 1930, Japan itself was an Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This control of the Pacific. This led to American led to American involvement in WWII.involvement in WWII.

Imperialism in AmericaImperialism in America Spanish American Spanish American

WarWar The US fought a war The US fought a war

with Spain over Cuba with Spain over Cuba and Cuban and Cuban independence in independence in 1898. 1898.

US won.US won. Acquired the Acquired the

Philippines, Guam Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. and Puerto Rico.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine The United States policy guaranteeing the The United States policy guaranteeing the

independence of Latin American nations.independence of Latin American nations. Warns European nations not to try to Warns European nations not to try to

colonized the Americas any more.colonized the Americas any more. Made by President James Monroe in 1823 Made by President James Monroe in 1823

in response to European nations in response to European nations threatening to send troops to Latin threatening to send troops to Latin America to restore territory to Spain who America to restore territory to Spain who won their independence in several won their independence in several revolutions.revolutions.

Monroe Monroe DoctrineDoctrine18231823

ImperialismImperialism Theodore (Teddy) Theodore (Teddy)

Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s foreign policy. foreign policy. Use OPTIC Use OPTIC and explain the cartoon. and explain the cartoon.

““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick.”carry a big stick.”

What does this slogan What does this slogan mean?mean?

What is Roosevelt sitting What is Roosevelt sitting on?on?

ImperialismImperialism Roosevelt’s Corollary Roosevelt’s Corollary

to the Monroe Doctrine.to the Monroe Doctrine. No foreign powers No foreign powers

allowed to colonize allowed to colonize in the Americas.in the Americas.

United States willUnited States willprotect Latin American protect Latin American countries from European countries from European intervention.intervention.

Panama Canal Panama Canal Answer the Answer the Geography SkillsGeography Skills

questions on page 674questions on page 674

Panama Canal -1915Panama Canal -1915 John HAYJohn HAY – Secretary of – Secretary of

State. Negotiated several State. Negotiated several canal treaties. canal treaties.

Roosevelt used “gunboat Roosevelt used “gunboat diplomacy”diplomacy”to secure the area.to secure the area.

Panama Canal Panama Canal

Panama Canal -1915Panama Canal -1915 The canal connected the The canal connected the

Atlantic and the Pacific Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Oceans.

A marvel of modern A marvel of modern engineering.engineering.

Yellow fever had to be Yellow fever had to be defeated first.defeated first.

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.

NationalismNationalism

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

Missionary SpiritMissionary Spirit

Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.

Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition

CausesCauses Copy the graphic organizer in Copy the graphic organizer in your CN.your CN.

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

ColonizationColonization

Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

ChristianizationChristianization

Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.

Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics

Effects

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Copy the graphic organizer Copy the graphic organizer in your CN.in your CN.

Analysis & SummaryAnalysis & Summary Summarize what you learned about imperialism from Summarize what you learned about imperialism from

this power point.this power point. How did it develop?How did it develop? Where did it occur?Where did it occur? Who was involved?Who was involved? Why is imperialism significant in World History?Why is imperialism significant in World History? How do you think the Age of Imperialism affects How do you think the Age of Imperialism affects

modern events in Europe, Africa, Asia, & Latin America modern events in Europe, Africa, Asia, & Latin America today?today?

Explain your positionExplain your position