Imperialism in ChinaImperialism in China

Mr. Westfall’sMr. Westfall’s

World StudiesWorld Studies

Traditional ChinaTraditional China• Able to resist outside influence due to Able to resist outside influence due to

self-sufficiencyself-sufficiency– Agriculture (rice, maize, sweet potatoes, Agriculture (rice, maize, sweet potatoes,

peanuts)peanuts)– Mining (salt, tin, silver, iron, ore)Mining (salt, tin, silver, iron, ore)– Manufacturing (silks, cottons, porcelain)Manufacturing (silks, cottons, porcelain)

• Trade was accepted in one port city Trade was accepted in one port city but the but the balance of tradebalance of trade was in the was in the Chinese favorChinese favor

$(exported more than imported)$$(exported more than imported)$

OPIUM!OPIUM!

• Europeans wanted teaEuropeans wanted tea

• So they needed a product that So they needed a product that would appeal to the Chinese would appeal to the Chinese (found in India)(found in India)

• Opium was traditionally used for Opium was traditionally used for medicinal purposes onlymedicinal purposes only

• By 1835 as many as 12 million By 1835 as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to Chinese people were addicted to the drugthe drug

Opium War 1839Opium War 1839

• The Qing Emperor requests to end The Qing Emperor requests to end the opium trade went unansweredthe opium trade went unanswered

• The result was a clash between the The result was a clash between the British and Chinese mainly fought British and Chinese mainly fought at seaat sea

• The Chinese outdated ships were The Chinese outdated ships were no match for the British steam no match for the British steam powered iron hulled ships powered iron hulled ships

Treaty of Nanjing 1842Treaty of Nanjing 1842

• Ended the Opium WarsEnded the Opium Wars

• Gave Britain Hong KongGave Britain Hong Kong

• Opened five ports to foreign trade Opened five ports to foreign trade and and extraterritorial rightsextraterritorial rights

• Resentment from the Chinese Resentment from the Chinese people towards the outsiders and people towards the outsiders and Chinese gov’tChinese gov’t

Growing ProblemsGrowing Problems• The new food introduced by the outside The new food introduced by the outside

world cause a large population growthworld cause a large population growth– 430 million in 1850 up 30% in 60 years430 million in 1850 up 30% in 60 years

• Food production did not increase Food production did not increase as fast as the populationas fast as the population

• Opium addiction still on the riseOpium addiction still on the rise• Failures in the Opium Wars also Failures in the Opium Wars also

contributedcontributed• So what do you think this all leads So what do you think this all leads

to???to???

Taiping RebellionTaiping Rebellion

• Lasted from 1850-1864Lasted from 1850-1864

• Hong Xiuquan said the Chinese people Hong Xiuquan said the Chinese people could share China’s vast wealth and no could share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in povertyone would live in poverty

• The Taiping army would take a small The Taiping army would take a small portion of landportion of land

• But would lose to Imperial, British and But would lose to Imperial, British and French troops in 1864French troops in 1864

• At least 20 million people diedAt least 20 million people died

Boxer Rebellion 1899Boxer Rebellion 1899

• Led by the “Society of Harmonious Fists”Led by the “Society of Harmonious Fists”• In response to:In response to:

– Loss in the Sino-Japanese WarLoss in the Sino-Japanese War– US Open Door Policy (use to protect US US Open Door Policy (use to protect US

interest)interest)– Growing European influence in China (Sphere Growing European influence in China (Sphere

of Influence)of Influence)– Mixed feeling about changes in society by the Mixed feeling about changes in society by the

Gov’t (Self-strengthening movement)Gov’t (Self-strengthening movement)

• An army consisting of GB, France, Russia, An army consisting of GB, France, Russia, Japan and US put down the Rebellion in Japan and US put down the Rebellion in 19001900

ChinaChina• 1911 Chinese Revolution 1911 Chinese Revolution

– Republic (Sun Yixian)Republic (Sun Yixian)• NationalismNationalism• DemocracyDemocracy• Livelihood Livelihood

– Guomindang – Chinese Nationalists PartyGuomindang – Chinese Nationalists Party• Split into socialists/Communists and Split into socialists/Communists and

ConservativesConservatives

• 1921 CCP Created1921 CCP Created– Anti-Western WarlordsAnti-Western Warlords– Soviet UnionSoviet Union

ChinaChina• 1927 Chinese Civil War Begins1927 Chinese Civil War Begins

– Nationalists (Kaishek)Nationalists (Kaishek)– Communists (Zedong)Communists (Zedong)

• 1934 The Long March1934 The Long March– Mao ZedongMao Zedong– Red ArmyRed Army– Nationalists policies backfireNationalists policies backfire

• 1937 Communists and Nationalists 1937 Communists and Nationalists make a truce to fight Japanesemake a truce to fight Japanese