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Imperialism & Nationalism
Chapter 21 Imperialism & Nationalism South East Asia China and
Indonesia was split among the European and American Imperialist
powers at the turn of the century. Local elites stayed in power
when an Imperialist country ran it by indirect rule. If a colony
was run by direct rule, local elites were removed from power and
replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country. This
usually occurred when locals did not comply with Imperialist
rulers. Viceroy The British gained a foothold in the area after Sir
Stamford Raffles established the colony of Singapore. Statue in
Singapore Modern-day Singapore After the U.S. beat Spain and
acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, Emilio
Aguinaldo led a movement for independence in the Philippines. This
led to a brutal war between the U. S
This led to a brutal war between the U.S. and the Filipinos in
which the U.S. re-acquired the territory. Africa Muhammad Ali
seized power in Egypt in 1805 and established a separate Egyptian
state. The Boers were descendants of the original Dutch settlers of
Cape Town and the surrounding areas. Imperialist European forces
started to divide up Africa in the late 1880s.
Originally sent to Africa to find David Livingstone, Henry Stanley
was hired by King Leopold II of Belgium. A belief of racial
superiority emerged with Imperialism.
Rudyard Kipling coined the term white mans burden as a result of
this belief. The White Mans Burden stated that Europeans had a
moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples. White people
are the rulers of the world and should be responsible and civilize
the rest. The only free states remaining in Africa by 1914 were
Liberia and Ethiopia. Liberia was connected to the United States
and Ethiopia fiercely fought Italy to maintain its independence.
India Lord Macaulay designed a new school system in India to train
Indian children to serve in the colonial government and army. In
1857, a growing Indian distrust of the British led to the First War
of Independence, which the British called the Sepoy Mutiny. Several
Indian leaders emerged from this independence movement. The Indian
author who was also a social reformer, spiritual leader, educator,
philosopher, singer, and painter was Rabindranath Tagore. Mohandas
Gandhi set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the
British to aid the poor and grant independence to India. Peaceful,
nonviolent, ACTIVE resistance Also the Indian National Congress was
established.
The goal of the Indian National Congress was to share in the
governing process of India. Latin America Many Latin American
countries declared independence from their European colonial
parents. In the Latin American colonial system, the mestizos were
the largest group; worked as servants and laborers. As a result of
the prosperity that came from increased exports after independence,
Latin America witnessed a growth in the middle sectors of Latin
American society. Simon Bolivar joined Jos de San Martins forces to
complete the liberation of Peru.
The conservative elites in Mexico chose Agustn de Iturbide to lead
a revolt against Spanish rule. Madero as president of Mexico
Pofirio Diaz By seizing control of Mexico from Porfirio Diaz,
Francisco Madero opened the door to a wider revolution led by
Emiliano Zapata. Madero as president of Mexico Southern Mexican
revolutionary leader Killed by opposing forces. The son of Native
American peasants, Benito Juarez brought liberal reforms to Mexico,
including land distribution to the poor.