I. Nationalism, Industrialism I. Nationalism, Industrialism and Imperialismand Imperialism

1790-1870

But FirstBut FirstEurope after Napoleon!

What was Europe’s Response?A. ConservativismB. LiberalismC. Nationalism

A. Conservatism In Europe after Napoleon

1. Congress of Vienna– Principle of legitimacy

rightful monarchs back to their thrones

– Prince von Metternich architect of the Congress

2. Concert of Europe– Allied powers would work in

harmony to keep the peace and prevent one power from being too dominant.

Europe after 1815

Conservatives hoped to return Europe to the pre-

revolutionary days

B. Liberalism• people should be free from

government interference.

• government should be run by a constitution but NOT in favor of universal male suffrage.

• Only men of property should have the right to vote.

• Middle Class industrialists were the primary supporters Adam SmithLouis

Philippe, Bourgeois

King of France

C. Nationalism

1. Idea that gained popularity due to Napoleon’s dominance

1.Each Nationality should get its own government

1.A Nationality is shared language, beliefs, and customs

A. Italian Unification

A. German Unification

A. Austria-Hungary and the Balkans

GoalsGoals

The Rise in Nationalism contributed to the unification of Germany and Italy

Not all peoples achieved the goal of establishing their own national states

A. Italian Unification1. Italy was dominated by

Austria and France2. Kingdom of Piedmont

a. PM Camillo Cavour sided with France & Britain in the Crimean War in exchange for French support for Italian Unification

b. Giuseppe Garibaldi’s Red Shirts invaded S. Italy and gave it to Cavour in order to unite the country under King Emmanuel II

c. Venetia and Rome were won from the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars

Unification of Italy 1850-1870

B. Germany Unification

1. Unification of Germany 1866-71

2. Prussian King William I3. Chancellor Otto von

Bismarck– Architect of unification– Militarism– “The Great Questions of

the day are decided by blood and iron.”

B. German Unification (cont)

4. Austro-Prussian War of 1866– United Northern Germany

with Prussia

5. Franco-Prussian War of 1870– Bismark goaded France– Prussia defeated France – Germany is unified in Jan

1871– Germany takes Alsace-

Lorraine from France

The Unification of Germany 1862-1871Took 600 princes to unite Germany

C. Austria-Hungary

1. Compromise of 1867 created a Dual Monarchy – Vienna and Budapest

2. Ethnic tension persisted– Czechs, Slovaks, Poles,

Ukrainians, Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs all demanding independence

Europe 1877

Habsburg –Tragedy of Franz Josef of Austria

Wife: Empress Elizabeth assassinated 1898

Son & heir: Archduke Rudolf suicide/murder? 1889

Cousin: Ludwig II of Bavaria suicide/murder?

Daughter: Sophia died at age 2

Nephew & heir: Franz-Ferdinand assassinated in 1914

Brother: Emperor Maximilian of Mexico executed

Emperor Franz Josef I

D. The Balkans1. Europe’s Powder Keg

2. Ottoman Domination & Collapse– “The Sick Man of Europe”– Albania & Bosnia convert to

Islam

3. Russia Defender of Slavs and Eastern Orthodoxy

Balkans 1878-1914

D. The Balkans (cont)4. Russia and Pan-

Slavism was a strong force in the Balkans

5. Congress of Berlin 1878– What to do with Russia– Romania & Serbia gain

independence– Bulgaria is autonomous– Bosnia-Herzegovina

administered by Austria-Hungary

Balkans 1878-1914How does Russia feel about the Congress of Berlin?

ReviewReview

How did Italy Unite?How did Germany Unite?What was Austria-Hungary’s problem with

Nationalism?Why were the Balkans considered

Europe’s Powder Keg?

Answer these QuestionsAnswer these Questions

#1: When was the last day you used no technology? (TV, Cell Phone, Cars, Computers etc…)

#2: What do you believe is the most important technological innovation in the recent years?

#3: What does it mean when we say a country is “developed”?

#4: What are examples of “underdeveloped” countries?

I. Reasons for ImperialismII. AfricaIII. AsiaIV. Emergence of Japan

What is Imperialism?

According to Karl Marx, Imperialism is the final stage of Capitalism

I. Reasons for ImperialismI. Reasons for ImperialismEconomic: resources & markets

Strategic: bases for refueling

Prestige

“White Man’s Burden”

Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--The savage wars of peace--Fill full the mouth of FamineAnd bid the sickness cease;And when your goal is nearestThe end for others sought,Watch sloth and heathen FollyBring all your hopes to nought.

White Man’s Burden

II. Africa

• European Nations Carve up Africa

• Only 2 independent nations by 1900 [Ethiopia and Liberia]

III. III. AsiaAsia- French Indochina

[Vietnam]- British Hong Kong,

Singapore- Spheres of Influence in

China

Why would European Nations want to expand influence in China?

IV. Emergence of Japan• Emergence of Japan

– US Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853 opened Japan’s eyes to modern technology

• Meiji Restoration 1867– ended feudalism in Japan– rapid modernization

• Sino-Japanese War 1895– Seized Korea and Formosa

[Taiwan] from China

• Russo-Japanese War 1905– 1st time an Asia nation

defeated a European