ImperialismImperialism

Policy of conquering and Policy of conquering and ruling other lands in creation ruling other lands in creation

of an empire.of an empire.

Great BritainGreat Britain

Largest empire world had ever Largest empire world had ever knownknown• 100 times larger than Britain itself100 times larger than Britain itself• 400 Million people400 Million people• Controlled territory on every continent Controlled territory on every continent

except Antarcticaexcept Antarctica• ¼ of world’s land and people under ¼ of world’s land and people under

British ruleBritish rule

British Empire 1919British Empire 1919

Immediate Effects of Immediate Effects of Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

British factories produced more goods British factories produced more goods than any other in the worldthan any other in the world

British navy protected British navy protected exportsexports

British lent money allBritish lent money all over the world and over the world and became the world’s became the world’s bank.bank.

Challenge to British LeadershipChallenge to British Leadership

U.S. and Germany industrialized and U.S. and Germany industrialized and between 1870 and 1900 caused G.B. between 1870 and 1900 caused G.B. Production to drop from 1/3 of Production to drop from 1/3 of world’s total to 1/5.world’s total to 1/5.

Countries now charging tariffs on Countries now charging tariffs on British goods to protect their own British goods to protect their own Industrialization.Industrialization.

Raw Materials on British Isles were Raw Materials on British Isles were depleting.depleting.

Colonialism SpreadsColonialism Spreads Other countries begin to recognize both the Other countries begin to recognize both the

economic gain of colonies as well as national economic gain of colonies as well as national pride.pride.

France becomes 2France becomes 2ndnd largest empire. largest empire. Dutch, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Dutch, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and

Germany all expand in AfricaGermany all expand in Africa Austria-Hungary moves into Balkans (major cause Austria-Hungary moves into Balkans (major cause

of WWI)of WWI) Even U.S. gets involved (Cuba, Philipines, Puerto Even U.S. gets involved (Cuba, Philipines, Puerto

Rico, Guam)Rico, Guam) Hope that where business goes, the flag will Hope that where business goes, the flag will

followfollow

European PrideEuropean Pride

Countries took great pride in Countries took great pride in colonies, even more important than colonies, even more important than economic gaineconomic gain

Europeans believed they were Europeans believed they were superior and had a duty to spread superior and had a duty to spread their technology.their technology.

Racism became a strong element at Racism became a strong element at this timethis time

Africa DividedAfrica Divided

In 1875, less than 10% of Africa In 1875, less than 10% of Africa controlled by Europeanscontrolled by Europeans

In 1900, over 90%In 1900, over 90%

European’s on Brink of WarEuropean’s on Brink of War

Meet in Berlin in 1884-85 to Meet in Berlin in 1884-85 to determine rules of imperialismdetermine rules of imperialism

No African ruler attended but it No African ruler attended but it sealed Africa’s fatesealed Africa’s fate

Any European country could claim Any European country could claim land in Africa by sending troops to land in Africa by sending troops to strategic placestrategic place

Different types of ConquestsDifferent types of Conquests European army’s were dominant, but European army’s were dominant, but

sometimes Africans got hold of weapons sometimes Africans got hold of weapons and would fightand would fight

Many parts were small villages and Many parts were small villages and treaties needed to be made with all treaties needed to be made with all (Britain made over 500 treaties before (Britain made over 500 treaties before controlling eastern Nigeria)controlling eastern Nigeria)

Sometimes allied without war simply to Sometimes allied without war simply to avoid waravoid war

Some areas even invited Europeans in as Some areas even invited Europeans in as protectorates from other countries and/ or protectorates from other countries and/ or civil warcivil war

Colonial RuleColonial Rule

Many Europeans settled in these Many Europeans settled in these colonies causing Africans to become colonies causing Africans to become 22ndnd class citizens in their own class citizens in their own country.country.

Europeans forced them to work by Europeans forced them to work by insisting they pay monetary taxes, insisting they pay monetary taxes, not tax-in kind.not tax-in kind.

Maintenance of PowerMaintenance of Power

Did not allow natives to be educatedDid not allow natives to be educated Brought in peoples from other Brought in peoples from other

nations to do jobs requiring nations to do jobs requiring specialized skillsspecialized skills

Encouraged rivalries between ethnic Encouraged rivalries between ethnic groups, preventing frustrations from groups, preventing frustrations from being taken out on Europeansbeing taken out on Europeans

British Control over IndiaBritish Control over India

Most countries jealous of India’s Most countries jealous of India’s colonization because vast raw colonization because vast raw materials and 300 million peoplematerials and 300 million people

British Take AdvantageBritish Take Advantage

Indian Nationalism GrowsIndian Nationalism Grows

Indian tax payers paid for all Indian tax payers paid for all technological improvementstechnological improvements

Indian workers did hard labor jobsIndian workers did hard labor jobs Resented signs “For Europeans Only”Resented signs “For Europeans Only” Prevented from getting top jobs and Prevented from getting top jobs and

the few mid-level jobs they could get the few mid-level jobs they could get they received as much as 20 times they received as much as 20 times less than their British counter-partless than their British counter-part

Southeast Asia Imperialized by Southeast Asia Imperialized by European CountriesEuropean Countries

France takes over Vietnam, Laos, France takes over Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodiaand Cambodia

British moved British moved

into Burma andinto Burma and

ThailandThailand

European Imperialism of AsiaEuropean Imperialism of Asia

Britain moves into ChinaBritain moves into China

China was self-sufficient with 300 China was self-sufficient with 300 million people, more than all of million people, more than all of Europe.Europe.

Britain wanted to trade but China Britain wanted to trade but China was not interested– didn’t need itwas not interested– didn’t need it

So, Britain introduced a highly So, Britain introduced a highly addictive drug into China and it led addictive drug into China and it led to the manipulation of China by the to the manipulation of China by the BritishBritish

Treaty of NankingTreaty of Nanking In 1842, British and China signed treaty ending In 1842, British and China signed treaty ending

Opium WarsOpium Wars Very humiliating and Very humiliating and led to problems in Chinaled to problems in China

British now had major influence over China British now had major influence over China including extraterritorial rights: Britons did not including extraterritorial rights: Britons did not have to obey Chinese laws, subject only top have to obey Chinese laws, subject only top British laws and courtsBritish laws and courts

Chinese had to pay for Opium lost in warChinese had to pay for Opium lost in war

China Continues to WeakenChina Continues to Weaken

By 1850, population had grown to By 1850, population had grown to 430 million people430 million people

Chinese government was corruptChinese government was corrupt China on verge of bankruptcy due to China on verge of bankruptcy due to

unfair treaties with Britainunfair treaties with Britain People are starvingPeople are starving Taiping Rebellion breaks out, but failsTaiping Rebellion breaks out, but fails

Europe Introduces ImprovementsEurope Introduces Improvements

During 1860’s & 70’s:During 1860’s & 70’s: Improved army and navyImproved army and navy Better transportation, Better transportation,

communication, and educationcommunication, and education Chinese opposed these efforts and Chinese opposed these efforts and

wanted nothing from Europewanted nothing from Europe This however, weakened them This however, weakened them

furtherfurther

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

Japan, Russia, Britain, France and more all Japan, Russia, Britain, France and more all tried carving out pieces of Chinatried carving out pieces of China

U.S. concerned they would miss out on the U.S. concerned they would miss out on the colonization of Chinacolonization of China

1899, Proposed open-door policy (for 1899, Proposed open-door policy (for merchants of all nations) merchants of all nations)

China still at mercy of outsiders, but China still at mercy of outsiders, but colonization preventedcolonization prevented

Japan Responds DifferentlyJapan Responds Differently

In 1850, U.S. forces Japan to open In 1850, U.S. forces Japan to open borders and tradeborders and trade

Fear of U.S. and Europe led to the Fear of U.S. and Europe led to the Meiji Dynasty bringing about Meiji Dynasty bringing about industrialization to Japanindustrialization to Japan

Copy the Best of the WestCopy the Best of the West

Japanese economy grew to modern Japanese economy grew to modern Industrialized economy within 30 Industrialized economy within 30 yearsyears

Railroads built throughout countryRailroads built throughout country Coal production increased by over 21 Coal production increased by over 21

timestimes Many factories builtMany factories built Very little $ borrowed by U.S. and Very little $ borrowed by U.S. and

Europe to maintain independenceEurope to maintain independence

Improved MilitaryImproved Military

Japan copied best militaries of the Japan copied best militaries of the WestWest

German ArmyGerman Army British NavyBritish Navy So strong could defeat Russia So strong could defeat Russia

(Russo-Japanese War-- 1904)(Russo-Japanese War-- 1904) Able to renegotiate unfair treaties Able to renegotiate unfair treaties

made with U.S in 1850’smade with U.S in 1850’s Began own imperial dominanceBegan own imperial dominance