Imperialism Through the Imperialism Through the Presidents and the Start Presidents and the Start

of WWIof WWI

AP US HistoryAP US History

Mrs. HousenickMrs. Housenick

2/1/102/1/10

1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy 1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy (1900-1908)(1900-1908)

►Wanted greater US Wanted greater US involvement in world involvement in world affairs.affairs.

► Advocated for peaceful Advocated for peaceful relations, but wanted a relations, but wanted a strong American strong American presence in to ensure presence in to ensure US prosperity.US prosperity.

► America as world America as world policemanpoliceman

► ““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick”carry a big stick”

2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” 2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” (1909)(1909)

► Encouraged US to invest Encouraged US to invest in foreign relationsin foreign relations

► Dollars, not bullets, would Dollars, not bullets, would advance US authority and advance US authority and ensure stability.ensure stability.

► Ordered troops to Haiti, Ordered troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. and Mexico.

► Use of force was a way to Use of force was a way to teach other nations how teach other nations how to establish law and to establish law and order.order.

Examples of Dollar Examples of Dollar DiplomacyDiplomacy

►US tried to buy access to Machurian US tried to buy access to Machurian railroads and sell back to China—failed railroads and sell back to China—failed miserably.miserably.

►US pumped money into Honduras and US pumped money into Honduras and Haiti to keep out foreign investorsHaiti to keep out foreign investors

►Also sent troopsAlso sent troops Example: Put down rebellion in NicaraguaExample: Put down rebellion in Nicaragua

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” (1912)(1912)

► US should champion US should champion democracy around the democracy around the globe and help maintain globe and help maintain world peace.world peace.

► Emphasized American Emphasized American ideals like democracy, ideals like democracy, believed America should believed America should help spread those ideals.help spread those ideals.

► Caused US to meddle in Caused US to meddle in affairs in Latin America affairs in Latin America (esp. Mexico) and Asia.(esp. Mexico) and Asia.

Wilson’s New Direction in Wilson’s New Direction in Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

►Rejected dollar diplomacyRejected dollar diplomacy►Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act and Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act and

forced US to pay tolls on canal tooforced US to pay tolls on canal too► Jones Act of 1916 gave Philippines Jones Act of 1916 gave Philippines

territorial status and promise of territorial status and promise of independenceindependence

►Had to send US troops to Haiti to protect Had to send US troops to Haiti to protect US lives and property (stayed for 19 US lives and property (stayed for 19 years) and to Dominican Republic.years) and to Dominican Republic.

►Bought more land in Caribbean for USBought more land in Caribbean for US

Moralistic Diplomacy in Moralistic Diplomacy in MexicoMexico

► 1913: During Mexican Revolution, the new 1913: During Mexican Revolution, the new revolutionary president was murdered and revolutionary president was murdered and replaced with General Huerta.replaced with General Huerta. Led to mass migration of Mexicans to USLed to mass migration of Mexicans to US

► Business interests encouraged Wilson to Business interests encouraged Wilson to intervene, but he refused, while also intervene, but he refused, while also refusing to acknowledge Huertarefusing to acknowledge Huerta Believed he would teach South Americans to Believed he would teach South Americans to

elect good menelect good men►Did begin giving money and weapons to Did begin giving money and weapons to

Huerta’s rival Carranza.Huerta’s rival Carranza.

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico ctnd. ctnd.

►Wilson outraged when Huerta arrested Wilson outraged when Huerta arrested group of American sailors at Tampico group of American sailors at Tampico and Huerta would not do 21 gun salute and Huerta would not do 21 gun salute as part of his apology.as part of his apology.

►Wilson ordered US Navy to seize Wilson ordered US Navy to seize Mexican port of Vera CruzMexican port of Vera Cruz

►Almost war, until Wilson reached a Almost war, until Wilson reached a truce with new president Carranza, truce with new president Carranza, who now resented Wilson’s meddlingwho now resented Wilson’s meddling

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico ctnd.ctnd.

► Pancho Villa upset with Wilson for his Pancho Villa upset with Wilson for his involvement in Mexican politicsinvolvement in Mexican politics

► Killed US engineers on train in Mexico and Killed US engineers on train in Mexico and later murdered 19 Americans in Columbus, later murdered 19 Americans in Columbus, New MexicoNew Mexico

► US sent troops under John Pershing into US sent troops under John Pershing into Mexico to find Villa.Mexico to find Villa. Clashed with Carranza’s troops but never captured Clashed with Carranza’s troops but never captured

VillaVilla Problems with Germany meant US withdrew army Problems with Germany meant US withdrew army

from Mexico in 1917from Mexico in 1917

What Events in Europe Led to What Events in Europe Led to World War I?World War I?

The Order of EventsThe Order of Events

► Serbian nationalists kill Austro-Hungarian Serbian nationalists kill Austro-Hungarian duke.duke.

► Austria Hungary warns Serbia, Serbia ignoresAustria Hungary warns Serbia, Serbia ignores► Austria-Hungary declares war on SerbiaAustria-Hungary declares war on Serbia► Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes troops near Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes troops near

Germany Germany ► Germans declares war on Russia and France Germans declares war on Russia and France

(allies)(allies)► Germany sends troops through neutral Germany sends troops through neutral

Belgium, Britain declares war on GermanyBelgium, Britain declares war on Germany

The American ResponseThe American Response

►Neutrality!Neutrality!► Economic, cultural Economic, cultural

and linguistic ties and linguistic ties with Britainwith Britain

►Most Americans Most Americans were anti-German, were anti-German, especially after they especially after they discover plans for discover plans for industrial sabotage.industrial sabotage.

WWI: A Boon to the US WWI: A Boon to the US EconomyEconomy

► Britain and France Britain and France bought products in bought products in great amounts.great amounts. Germany could have Germany could have

bought from US but bought from US but was stopped by was stopped by British blockade.British blockade.

► American bankers American bankers gave private loans gave private loans to Allies.to Allies.

German Threats EscalateGerman Threats Escalate

►Germans kept out of American trade Germans kept out of American trade by the British blockade.by the British blockade.

►Began submarine warfare around Began submarine warfare around British isles to break through blockade.British isles to break through blockade.

►Germans warned US might sink Germans warned US might sink merchant ships.merchant ships.

Submarine WarfareSubmarine Warfare

► The Germans warned The Germans warned Americans their merchant Americans their merchant ships might be hit.ships might be hit.

► Reaches a crisis point Reaches a crisis point after Lusitania is after Lusitania is torpedoed in 1915—128 torpedoed in 1915—128 Americans died.Americans died.

► After sinking of British After sinking of British and French liners, and French liners, Germans promised they Germans promised they would not sink unarmed would not sink unarmed ships ships without without warningwarning SUSSEX SUSSEX PLEDGEPLEDGE

Wilson Wins Reelection Wilson Wins Reelection (1916)(1916)

►Progressives die out in election after Progressives die out in election after Roosevelt refuses to run again.Roosevelt refuses to run again.

►Wilson wins over Charles Evans Hughes Wilson wins over Charles Evans Hughes with his promise “He Kept Us Out of with his promise “He Kept Us Out of War.”War.”

►Very close election, Wilson’s victory Very close election, Wilson’s victory linked to his promise of further linked to his promise of further neutrality.neutrality. ““He kept us out of war!”He kept us out of war!”

Multiple Choice PracticeMultiple Choice Practice

Wilson’s initial attitude toward the Mexican Wilson’s initial attitude toward the Mexican revolutionary government wasrevolutionary government wasA) To refuse recognition of General Huerta’s A) To refuse recognition of General Huerta’s regime by avoid American interventionregime by avoid American intervention

B) To intervene with troops on behalf of B) To intervene with troops on behalf of threatened American business intereststhreatened American business interests

C) To provide military and economic C) To provide military and economic assistance to the Huerta regimeassistance to the Huerta regime

D) To mobilize other Latin American countries D) To mobilize other Latin American countries to oust Huertato oust Huerta

Multiple Choice ctnd.Multiple Choice ctnd.

►The sympathy of the majority of The sympathy of the majority of Americans for the Allies against Americans for the Allies against Germany was especially conditioned byGermany was especially conditioned by A) British bribes and payoffs to American A) British bribes and payoffs to American

journalistsjournalists B) The Germans’ involvement in overseas B) The Germans’ involvement in overseas

imperialismimperialism C) The German invasion of neutral BelgiumC) The German invasion of neutral Belgium D) The British refusal to use poison gas in D) The British refusal to use poison gas in

warfarewarfare

Multiple Choice ctnd.Multiple Choice ctnd.

►After the After the Lustiania, ArabicLustiania, Arabic and and SussexSussex sinkings, Wilson successfully pressured sinkings, Wilson successfully pressured the German government tothe German government to A) End the use of the submarine against A) End the use of the submarine against

British warshipsBritish warships B) End its attempt to blockade the British B) End its attempt to blockade the British

islesisles C) Publish warnings to all Americans C) Publish warnings to all Americans

considering traveling on unarmed shipsconsidering traveling on unarmed ships D) Cease from sinking neutral merchant ships D) Cease from sinking neutral merchant ships

and passenger ships without warningand passenger ships without warning