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Importance of Environmental Science in Textile

Environmental Science:

Environmental Science is an approach, integrated quantitatively, and interdisciplinary to study

the environmental systems. The abundance and complexity of environmental problems are

rapidly creating a need for scientists with assiduous, interdisciplinary training in environmental

science. Along with the Knowledge of Environmental Science there should be a solid foundation

in biological and physical natural sciences and the specialized training is necessary for

integrated analysis of environmental systems.[1]

Textile Engineering:

It is the study of Different principles from engineering and scientific methodologies. These

principles are then implemented for the processing and production of textile fabric and yarns

from textile fibers. Basically fibers is converted into yarn, then fabric, then textiles.Textile engineering is a very innovative field as it is a scientific realm. It involves the creative

research, study, and exploration of new techniques for production and improvisation. Textile

manufacturers not only have ambition to develop and find new techniques for the production

of new fabrics of better quality, but they also constantly work on improving existing

textile fibers.[2]

,[3]

Importance of Environmental Science in Textile:

Environmental science is very important in textile. Not only environment affects textile industry

but also textile industry affects environment a lot. So it is necessary to have the knowledge ofthe relation between Environmental science and textile.

Environmental pollution has recently become a burning issue all over the world. Important

constituents of our environment include air, water, soil, plants and animals. Any kind of

imbalance in the constituents of our environment gives rise to environmental pollution. There

are different sources of environmental pollution such as chemicals, radiation, and noise.[6]

Impact of Environment on Textile Industry:

There is very important role of humidity and temperature in textile manufacturing processes. In

spinning from carding till roving, loosely bound fibers are vulnerable to static electricity in dry

and brittle condition due to static and dynamic friction. This also creates dust and fiber fly

(fluff). So it becomes necessary to control the humidity of shed. HVAC systems are mostly used

to control the temperature and humidity of the shed which make the product cost high but the

quality of the product is increased. In the same weaving and knitting industries are also effected

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-engineering.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-engineering.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrichttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-textile-manufacturers.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-textile-manufacturers.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-textile-manufacturers.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-textile-manufacturers.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrehttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-engineering.htm

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by temperature and humidity. So the temperature and humidity of weaving and knitting shed

are also controlled.[4]

Water hardness should be checked before using for the preparation size material and printing

and dye making. Water hardness effects sizing, printing and dyeing efficiency.

Environmental changes also affect the quality of cotton fibers before starting the

manufacturing process.

Impact of Textile Industry on Environment:

There are environmental problems associated with the production of manmade fibers, such as

intensive energy use and generation of hazardous air emissions. There are also potential

environmental problems associated with growing natural fibers, including the use of pesticides

and degradation of the land. There are many positive and negative aspects of environment on

the production of manmade fiber.[5]

Noise pollution has received special attention in the present industrialized world. Noise

pollution is produced from different sources and industrial noise is one of them. In the

industries the workers are mostly exposed to the noise for eight hours but in some industries

like weaving industries the workers are exposed to noise for 12 hours. Compared to the other

pollutants, noise pollution not only affects the human health but also the surrounding

environment. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the noise levels produced by variety of

machines in these industries.[6]

Water is a crucial issue in manufacturing because large amounts are needed and used, but oncethe water is used, the wastewater is of poor quality and it threatens the water sources that the

wastewater is disposed into. The wastewater can be treated, this is a costly undertaking, but

the treated water is seldom at the quality it was before it was used in manufacturing. Water

treatment is also not done by all manufacturing industries.[7]

The major sources of water pollution in textile industry are chemicals and detergents.

Industries usually dispose of Wastewater directly into the environment without treatment or

the removal of pollutants. Therefore, this water is polluting the sources of freshwater.[7]

Textile mills usually generate nitrogen and sulphur oxides from boilers. Other significantsources of air emissions in textile operations include resin finishing and drying operations,

printing, dyeing, fabric preparation, and wastewater treatment plants. Hydrocarbons are

emitted from drying ovens and from mineral oils in high-temperature drying/curing. These

processes can emit formaldehyde, acids, softeners, and other volatile compounds.[8]

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The primary residual wastes generated from the textile industry are non-hazardous. These

include scraps of fabric and yarn, off-specification yarn and fabric and packaging waste. There

are also wastes associated with the storage and production of yarns and textiles, such as

chemical storage drums, cardboard reels for storing fabric and cones used to hold yarns for

dyeing and knitting. Cutting room waste generates a high volume of fabric scraps, which can

often be reduced by increasing fabric utilization efficiency in cutting and sewing.[8]

Cleaner production is an attractive approach to tackle environmental problems associated with

industrial production and poor material efficiency. Since the cleaner production approach has

been successfully implemented in some areas in the textile sector, it shows that significant

financial saving and environmental improvements can be made by relatively low-cost and

straightforward interventions. This improves the quality of products and minimizes the cost of

production, enabling the branch to compete in the global market. Moreover, Cleaner

Production also improves the companys public image by highlighting the steps it has taken to

protect the environment.[8]

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References:

1. Internet:http://www.ensci.iastate.edu/ (17-11-2011)

2. Internet:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturing (17-11-2011)

3. Internet:http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-textile-engineering.htm (17-11-2011)

4. Internet:http://www.ishrae.in/journals_20042005/2005jan/article02.html(17 -11-2011)5. Internet:http://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fib

res%20-%20Print%20Version.pdf (16-11-2011)

6. F.H. Khan,A.R. Tahirand J.K. Sial,Study of mechanical noise of a selected agro-based Industry

and its impact on worker's health, Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vo/. 39(4), 2002

7. Textile Engineer, theImpact of Water Scarcity and Pollution on the Textile Industry: A Case Study fromTurkey, Nathan Bender L911.508 November 2004 Turkey.

8. Internet: http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=2420(17-11-2011)

http://www.ensci.iastate.edu/http://www.ensci.iastate.edu/http://www.ensci.iastate.edu/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturinghttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-textile-engineering.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-textile-engineering.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-textile-engineering.htmhttp://www.ishrae.in/journals_20042005/2005jan/article02.htmlhttp://www.ishrae.in/journals_20042005/2005jan/article02.htmlhttp://www.ishrae.in/journals_20042005/2005jan/article02.htmlhttp://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=2420http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=2420http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=2420http://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.instyle.com.au/impact_of_textiles/Environmental%20Impact%20of%20Fibres%20-%20Print%20Version.pdfhttp://www.ishrae.in/journals_20042005/2005jan/article02.htmlhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-textile-engineering.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturinghttp://www.ensci.iastate.edu/