Important Tips:Organelles-little organs

Structures that carry out a certain function

Cytosol-liquid portion of the cellMostly waterMany metabolic

reactions take place here

Contain macromolecules

Cytoplasm-portion of cell outside the nucleusIncludes organelles and

cytosol

NucleusBrain of the cellHouses the DNA (DNA has the instructions to

make protein and other molecules)Nuclear envelope-surrounds the nucleus

Has pores to allow certain things to enter and leave

Nucleolus-small region in the nucleusMakes ribosomes

What does it look like?Large circle in the middle of the cell

Plant and animal

RibosomesMakes proteinsOrders to make

proteins come from the nucleus

Can be free floating in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

What does it look like? Dots

Plant and animal

Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER-makes

protein due to ribosomes attachedPackages protein tooLooks like tubes with

dots on surfaceSmooth ER-metabolizes

cholesterol; membrane synthesis; detoxification; stores calciumNo ribosomes attachedLooks like tubes

Plant and animal

Golgi apparatusWhere proteins go

after erModify, sort, and

package proteins and other materials from er for storage in cell or secretion

What does it look like?Pancake stacks

Plant and animal

LysosomesContains enzymesDigests proteins,

lipids, and carbohydrates

Digests useless organelles

Enzymes come from the golgi

What does it look like?Small circles

Animal and some plants

VacuolesStorage

compartmentsPlants have a large

central vacuoleVacuole fills up with

water and presses against the cell wall Creates a square shape

and rigid structure

ParameciumContractile vacuole

Pumps out excess water

MitochondriaPowerhouse of cellCreates cellular

energy through a process called cellular respiration

Has its own DNA that you inherit from your mom

Looks like a jelly bean or kidney bean

Plants and animals

ChloroplastOnly in plantsFilled with

chlorophyll (green pigment)

Carry out photosynthesis

What do they look like? Watermelons

Have DNA

CytoskeletonStructures that provide

shape, support, and movement

MicrofilamentsProvide structure

Actin in musclesMovement

AmoebasMicrotubules

Maintain cell shapeHelp to separate

chromosomes in mitosisMovement

Cilia and flagella

PeroxisomesFilled with enzymesAnimals-Get rid of

toxic substances that the cell produces (like hydrogen peroxide which builds up in the liver) catalase here

Plants-convert fatty acids to sugar and help the chloroplasts

Cell WallExtra boundary

around the plant cellOutside of

membraneGives plant shape,

rigid structure, and protection

Questions1. Plants/animals do

not have chloroplasts

2. How is a cell like a factory? Every organelle has an important function in the assembly of molecules

3. Vacuole in plants allow the plant to support structures likes flowers and leaves

4. Mitochondria provide the energy or power for the cell in the form of ATP.

6. E7. B