THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Important Vocabulary

Excretion: The process which metabolic wastes are eliminated to maintain homeostasis.

Ureters: Transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urinary bladder: Store urine until it is released through the urethra

Urethra: Where urine is released

Excretory System’s Function Excretes metabolic wastes from the

body.

Structures of the Excretory System Skin Lungs Liver Kidney

Structures of the Excretory System Kidney: The major organ of

excretion. Excretes excess water, urea and metabolic wastes from the blood. Produce and excrete a waste product known as urine. Ureters transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is released through the urethra.

Wastes enters through renal artery Exits through renal vein

Nephrons: Individual processing units of kidneys.

Maintain blood pH Regulate blood volume

The Kidneys and Homeostasis Kidneys play important role in maintaining

homeostasis The kidneys responds directly to the

composition of the blood. They are also influenced by the endocrine system. Disruption of proper kidney function can lead to serious health problems.

Kidney Disorders Kidney Stones Kidney Damage Kidney Failure

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Functions

Converts food into small molecules that can be used by the cell.

Food is processed by the digestive system in 4 phases.

4 Phases of the Digestive System 1) Ingestion- getting food into the

system through your mouth 2) Digestion- food is broken down 2

ways a) Mechanical- physical

breakdown of large pieces of foodb) Chemical- enzymes break

down food into the small molecules

3) Absorption- absorbed by cells in the small intestine

4) Elimination- travel through large intestine and eliminated from the body

Process/What Occurs

Food travels through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.

Process/What Occurs

Mouth/Teeth- perform mechanical digestion Saliva- moisten food, make it easier to chew,

begins process of chemical digestion Esophagus- a tube that leads food into the

stomach Stomach- muscular sac continues chemical and

mechanical digestion Small Intestine- chemical digestion and absorption

of the food Pancreas- gland that produces hormones that

regulate blood sugar levels, breaks down carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, produces sodium bicarbonate

Liver- produces bile, releases bile into small intestine, breaks down fats

Absorption & Elimination

Small Intestine- absorbs nutrients into lining of small intestine (carbs & protein)

Large Intestine- removes water from the undigested material left over

Feces removed from the body through the anus

THE END