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www.ecn.nl
Improving ROI by optimizing
design and maintenance of
(offshore) wind farms
Dr. Peter Eecen
Amsterdam
9/1/2013
1.Introduction ECN
2.Challenges offshore wind energy
3.Potential for Lowering cost
of energy of offshore wind
4.ECN’s activities to
lower cost of energy
5.The Dutch offshore industry
1. Introduction ECN
1. Introduction ECN
ECN at a glance
ECN Focus Areas
Solar energy Biomass Policy studies Energy efficiency
Wind energy
Environment & energy engineering
Mission: …To develop knowledge and technologies that enable a transition to more sustainable energy systems…
Brussels
Eindhoven
Amsterdam
Petten Wieringermeer
Beijing
Founded in 1955 5 Commercial licensing deals p/y 600 Employees +/-20 patents a year € 80 M annual turnover
1. Introduction ECN
ECN acts as a bridge between science and corporate innovation
Science Industrial partners
Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Industrial Development
What we do How we can work with you
• Problem Solving • Consultancy & Services
• Technology development
• Contract R&D
• Studies & Policy Support
• Tech development & Transfer
• Joint Industry Projects
1. Introduction ECN
ECN: Developing wind since 1974
6
Petten
Amsterdam (policy studies)
WMC EWTW
Metmast
IJmuiden
EWTG
Eindhoven
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
Cost aspects offshore / onshore wind farms
Preventive maintenance
Corrective maintenance
Access
Personnel
Revenue losses
Hoisting & Replacement
Substructures, transformer stations & cables (BoP)
Cost estimation / experience
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
Trends: further offshore, deeper water, larger turbines
EWEA: 2012 European Offshore Statistics
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
Offshore Wind Power Plants; Built, authorized and planned
Key numbers: • 2012: 5 GW installed offshore
=5% of Europe's installed wind power • 2020: 40 GW installed offshore,
= 4% of EU electricity demand • 2030: 150 GW installed offshore,
= 14% of EU electricity demand
Installed capacity onshore / offshore
Installed capacity offshore
5 GW
Installed capacity onshore 106 GW
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
Ambitions in The Netherlands – ‘SER akkoord’
Tender in
Capacity (in MW)
Opera-tional in
2015 450 2019
2016 600 2020
2017 700 2021
2018 800 2022
2019 900 2023
• Ambition: strengthen the top-3-position of Dutch industry in offshore wind by the following goals:
– Reduction of Cost of Energy by 40% in 2020 (from 2010 levels)
– Turnover of € 6 bn. in 2020
– Direct employability of 12,500 FTE
• By innovation, scale-increase, improvement of efficiency and reduction of risks
• Target offshore wind: 2020: 2,700MW 2023: 4,400MW
• Current offshore wind in The Netherlands:
– OWEZ 108MW
– Amalia 120MW
– Luchterduinen 129MW
– Gemini 600MW (planned)
2. Challenges offshore wind energy
COE Offshore Wind vs subsidy
• Required subsidy when consenting 5 GW offshore wind: € 23,9 bn when COE is 15 ct/kWh
• 0,1 ct/kWh reduction of COE reduces 285 M€
23.9
16.8
9.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Present 15ct/kWh Medium reduction12.5ct/kWh
Full reduction10ct/kWh
Expected Spending for 5GW Offshore Wind
Go
vern
men
t sp
end
ing
in b
n e
uro
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Potential for lowering the cost of energy
40%
Annual costs Depreciation
O&M costs
Financing costs & risks
WACC
Average Investment costs
€ / KWh
Annual production
Losses
Gross output
COSTSS
∆ Costs*: -27% ∆ OUTPUT +21% ∆ Cost of Energy -40%
-25%
-25% -10%
-25%
*Based on typical costs offshore wind farm: 25-35% O&M, 40-50% CAPEX, 20-30% financing costs
-33% (0.9x0.75)
+21%
OUTPUTS
CoES
+S
xS
xS
xS
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Breakdown Cost Reduction Offshore Wind
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
The importance of optimizing offshore O&M
Others; 3% OPEX; 24%
WTG & Installation;
31%
Electrical infrastructure;
19%
Foundation; 24%
Cost breakdown off offshore wind
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
O&M Costs Breakdown
Assumptions • Typical values for 600MW offshore wind farm of 150 turbines • - 85km from harbour 91% availability & 9% downtime
36%
14% 12%
37%
Breakdown average O&M costs wind farm (unplanned corrective maintenance)
Revenue losses
Spares
Labour
Equipment
95%
5%
Breakdown average O&M costs wind farm
Unplanned correctivemaintenance
Calender basedmaintenance
3. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Offshore O&M – how is it done?
4. ECN’s activities to lower the cost of energy
4. ECN’s activities to lower the cost of energy
OPEX Cost Modeling and optimisation O&M strategy (Planning phase)
• ECN provides OPEX cost modelling in:
– planning phase (O&M Tool)
– operational phase (OMCE Calculator)
• Quantify OPEX; bankable results
• Reduce investment risk
• Lower OPEX by optimal O&M strategy
• Turbine design on maintainability
• Alternative access systems & vessels
About 50% of Europe’s wind farms have been analysed with the O&M tool
“The industry standard” for 8 years. ECN is able to reduce costs of O&M
O&M offshore wind Is cost intensive
4. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Analyzing wind farm equipment using O&M Tool and/or OMCE-Calculator
Baseline Harbour based large workboats
I Offshore mother vessel with medium workboats III Offshore mother vessels with compensated access gangway
II Offshore mother vessel with compensated access gangway (technicians and small spares)
IV Harbour based large workboats and helicopter(s)
• In each farm the results vary depending on the type of O&M strategy.
• Shore based O&M (Baseline and IV) is most sensitive to variations in the farm size and location.
• Adding helicopters to a shore based strategy increases availability but also increases costs.
• A farm-based strategy with mother/daughter vessels is only beneficial in the large and far-offshore farms
• A mother vessel with compensated access gangway gives the best results for the considered far-offshore sites, but only if it can also transfer small spare parts!
150 WTs 85 km
80 WTs 85 km
80 WTs 115 km
150 WTs 115 km
80 WTs 35 km
4. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Lowering O&M costs (Operation phase)
Data analysis
Data standardization & structure
Maintenance optimization
Performance analysis
Data collection
Asset management Optimising operations
u
4. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
Yield Increase Active Wake Control
▲ Software analysis on variety of windfarms
▲ Tests on 2MW Nordex turbines and scaled wind farm at ECN test site
Total farm efficiency production increases from 0.5 to 3% AND local reduction by 3%
Integral approach
to lower the cost of energy
of offshore wind power plants
We provided hands-on technical support in a
20 MW wind power project in Latin America
Project objective and scope
• Micro-siting, grid integration, environmental impact assessment, training and knowledge transfer related to developed 20MW wind farm in Costa Rica
Activities
• Site assessment – estimate effect surroundings
• Technology assessment and modifications
• Grid integration study
• Environmental assessment
• Development of wind farm
• Technology transfer
Results
• Wind farm is developed and integrated in the (weak) electricity grid of Costa Rica
• Technology Transfer
• Excellent operating wind farm – from technical and economical perspective
L-america wind power project (20MW)
4. Potential for lowering the cost of energy of offshore wind
5. The Dutch offshore industry
5. The dutch offshore industry
Dutch Industry in European Offshore Wind Farms
6. Conclusions
• Wind Energy will develop fast in the next decades – onshore and offshore
• Essential for large-scale implementation is the reduction of CoE
• To achieve the ambition in cost reduction, innovations are essential. ECN develops innovations and technologies that both increase yield as well as reduce investment and operational costs. ECN delivers services that reduce risks aiming to enhance bankabilty.
• Industry is interested to implement innovations when the there is sufficient ROI and limited risks. ECN focuses its R&D activities to develop interesting propositions.
• In the end, it is up to all of us to get it done.
Dank voor uw aandacht
Peter Eecen
ECN
Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1
1755 LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten
The Netherlands The Netherlands
T +31 88 515 49 49 [email protected]
F +31 88 515 44 80 www.ecn.nl