Imunne Sistem

7/31/2019 Imunne Sistem

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Wuri Handayani 20080340006

Pratiwi Nur W 20080340010

Apsari Amalia 20080340023

Evi Rusmawati 20080340026

Ravik Vidayatika 20080340033

Teguh Muhammad R R 20080340049

Bagus Ariyanto K 20080340058

Arry Johan D A 20080340062

Darajati Liana S 20080340066

Dewi Ssartika Suling 20080340088

Reny Jufannisa 20080340090

Devi Hardiastuti 20080340093

Aldila Imandini 20080340097


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A primary function of the immune system isdefense from resist pathogen, foreign bodies,

and abnormal cells.


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Limphocytes B and T ( recognize and respondto foreign antigen via specific receptors ) , NKcell( dont have specific receptors)

Mononuclear phagocyte, there aremacrophages or monocytes that ingest anddestroy infectious agents.

Granulocytes, there are neutrofil, basofil and

eusinofil. They have many chytoplasmicgranules and it contain antimicrobialcompound. Some of them also able tophagocytize.


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Complement, consists of about 20 proteinsfound in serum which are involved in hostdefense and inflammation.

Antibodies, immunoglobulin that present inserum, it produced by plasma cell and B celland it involved in host defense.

Cytokines, consist of 25 proteins, produced byT and B cell and macrophages.


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1. Innate (natural immunity) or non specific isour first line our defense against organism. Itconsists of the pre-existing defenses of ananimal such as barrier layers (skin etc) andsecretion. The elements of the innate immunesystem are anatomical barriers (ex. Oralepithelium, cilia, and skin), secretorymolecules (ex. Transferrin and lactoferrin,

interferon, lysozym, fibronectin,TNF alpha,and complement components), and cellularcomponents (ex. PMN, macrophages,monocytes).


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2. Acquired immune response (specificadaptive) act as a second line of defense and

also afford protection against pre exposure tothe same pathogen. This is a response to aspecific immune stimulus (antigen) thatinvolves cells of the immune system and

frequently leads to a state of immune memory.In adaptive immunity, which occurs after along period during which immune B and Tcells become activated, invading organisms aredestroyed. It divides into two categories;


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a) humoral immunity is group of protein globulin(Immunoglobulin) and mediated by antibodiesproduced by plasma cells (B cell). Theimmunoglobulin that produced by humoral

immunity are IgD, IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA. Inhuman, B cell differentiated in bone marrow. Aprimary function of specific humoral immunity isto protect our body from extracellular infection,virus, bacteria and to neutralize his toxin.

b) Cellular immunity, mediated by T cells. T cellconsist of more subset cell, that is Th1, Th2, TDelayed Type hypersensitivity (Tdth), Cytotoxic Tlymphosyte (CTL), and T suppressor (Ts)/Tregulator (Tr). In human, T cell differentiated in

thymus. A primary function of specific cellularimmunity is to protect our body from bacteriaintracellular, virus, fungi, parasite, and violence.


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Innate Acquired

Resistance Unchanged on repeatedinfection (NO MEMORY)

Improved by

repeated infection

(MEMORY)Specificity Same for all organisms Specific for

different organisms

Cells Phagocytes, Natural Killer(NK) cells

T and B cells

Molecules Lysozyme, complement,acute phase proteins, IL-1,

IFN- and

Antibodies and

some cytokines


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Cognitive or recognition phase. This phaseinvolve antigen binding by T and B cells.

Activation phase. In this phase, cells

proliferate in response to cytokine signals andimmune response is amplified.

Effectors phase. In this phase antigen iseliminated.


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Hepatitis (plural hepatitis) implies injury to theliver characterized by the presence ofinflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ.

The name is from ancient Greek hepar, the rootbeing hepat, meaning liver, and suffix -itis,meaning "inflammation".


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hepatitis A

1. Hepatitis A virus is a picornavirus2. Micrograph Electron HAV :

3. incubation period : 2-6 weeks

4. Symptoms: malaise, loss appetizer, fever, thecolor of urine like tea, fesses looks pale, jaundice.
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/virol/hep-a6.gif


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1. HAV in intestines fase viremia replikasi in liver nekrosis to centerlobulus inflamasi periportal + sel

mononuklear2. IgM spesific in first explanation and then IgG


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Transmission :fecal-oral route

Passive immunizes

Vaksin Hepatitis A Vaksin formalin-inactivated(HAV cultur in haploid cell)

There are no specific treatments


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Hepatitis B

virus belongs to the hepadnavirus

1. especially to men2. the way diseases usually more seriously than

hepatitis A

3. Virus and surface antigen virus appear inblood until acute phase and can persistent tolong time

4. 5-10% sufferer become a carrier in a long

time


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Surface antigen (HBsAg) : in particle 22nm andDane surface

Core antigen (HBcAg) :nucleoprotein Dane

particle e antigen (HBeAg): part of Dane which related

with infection


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Passive immunize: HB specific Ig. Accidentalinoculation.

HBcAg (HBc-Ab): in fist infection

HBsAg (HBs-Ab) :the incidence more high inhaemofiliak


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Antigen test (ELISA)

Antibodi test (ELISA)


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CAUSES OF HEPATITIS : HIGH RISK:

post transfusion

injection

blood transmition fromdoctor to patient

drug abuser

homoseks

tatto


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Hepatitis C

1. virus is a flavivirus

2. Hepatitis NonA-NonB

3. Incubation : 5-10 weeks , > less than HBV

4. Transmission parenteral, sexual & vertical transmision,sporadic

5.

Antibodi to virus: Donor darah Haemophiliac, drugabuser

6. The ability can causes sirosis and hepatoma higherHBV


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Can not cultur in cell

Diagnosis :

in patient with blood tranfussion

ELISA with recombinant protein

PCR can detect RNA virus in patient
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/virol/hepc-capa.gif


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Hepatitis D1. which is also known as Delta agent

2. Defective virus3. Replication needs Virus Helper (HVB) which supply

gene product

4. Pathogenesis unclear but HVD can make heavier

HVB infection5. Diagnoses : ELISA about Antigen /Antibodi


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Hepatitis E

1. hepatitis E is similar to a calicivirus

2. Transmission: fecal-oral, spreading throughdrinking

3. Diagnose: ELISA with DNA recombinant, IgGand IgM detect about E Hepatitis


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