Independent Period1946 - 1986

Museum Volunteers of the Philippines

History course 2010-20111

Module leader: Sarah Sutherland

Independent Period

Independence Day – July 4, 1946 EDSA

Post War Problems facing the Philippines and the world

•reparation from USA and Japan,

•land reform

•housing shortage

•stagnant job market

•establishment of a new world order

•Independence

•social justice

•Collaborators

•Poverty, especially in rural areas

Communism

• Cold War

• Warsaw Pact

• China becomes communist

• Korean war

• Vietnam war

Transition to Independence

First President of the Commonwealth Government

• Died in exile 1 August, 1944 as a result of complications of tuberculosis

Transition to Independence

Second President of the Commonwealth Government

• 1 August 1944 to 28 May 1946

• Sergio Osmeña arrived with MacArthur on the shores of Leyte

40 years – 6 presidentsManuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay

Carlos Garcia

Diosdado Macapagal

Ferdinand Marcos

Independence• Granted 4 July 1946

Manuel Roxas

Third President of the CommonwealthFirst President of the Third Republic

• 28 May 1946

• Served on constitutional commissions

• Parity rights for Americans

• Lease of military bases

Elpidio Quirino

Second President of the Third Republic

• 15 April 1948 to 30 December 1953

• Sent Filipino troops to Korea

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay

Third President of the Third Republic

• 30 December 1953 to 17 March 1957

• Handpicked by the CIA and groomed by Lansdale

• “Magsaysay is my guy”

• Changed the face of campaigning in the Philippines

• Sent Filipino troops to Vietnam

• Died tragically in a plane crash

Carlos Polistico Garcia

Fourth President of the Third Republic

• 17 March 1957 to 30 December 1961

• Filipinos First policy

• Shortened the lease of the bases to 25 years.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal

Fifth President of the Third Republic

• 30 December 1961 to 30 December 1965

• Known for moving the national holiday to June 12, the day that Aguinaldo declared Independence

• Chief negotiator for the return of the Turtle Islands

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

Sixth President of the Third Republic

• 30 December 1965-1986

• First Filipino president to win re election (1969)

• Proclamation 1081 imposed Martial Law in 1972

• Barred judiciary from trying any cases that questioned the validity, legality or constitutionality of Proclamation 1081

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

• 1973 Constitution

• First Quarter Storm

• Constitutional authoritanarianism

• Crony Capitalism

• New Society

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos

• Martial law was lifted with Proclamation No. 2045

• Announced snap elections

• EDSA Revolution

• Died in exile

Wider Concepts

• Democracy

• Separation of powers

• Freedom of speech

• Role of constitutions

• Freedom of the press

• Political will