Indian Agriculture After Independence

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Good Morning


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Indian Agriculture After

Independence

Presented by:-


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Introduction Agriculture

Policy in India Green Revolution Export And

Import Problems Conclusion


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Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of

economic development of India. Besides providingfood to nation, agriculture releases labour, providessaving, contributes to market of industrial goodsand earns foreign exchange.


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From food shortages and import

to self-sufficiency and exports.

From subsistence farming

to intensive and technology led cultivation.

Today , India is the front ranking

producer of many crops in the world.

Ushered in through the

green, white, blue and yellow revolutions.


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Indian Agriculture India is regarded as the 3rd largest country in the agricultural

sector after China and canada.

Indian agriculture contributes almost 25% to the GDP afterthe independence.

It provide employment to almost 60% of the rural

population.

The agricultural sector of India has occupied almost 43percent of India's geographical area.


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AGRICULTURE POLICY IN INDIA

First phase considered from 1947 to mid sixties,

Second phase considered period from mid-sixties to 1980,

Third phase included period from 1980 to 1991,

Forth phase includes period from 1991/92

onwards.


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First phase (1947-60s)

Development of major irrigation project

Strengthens of cooperative creditInstitution

Giving land titles to the actual cultivators

Abolition of intermediaries


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Second Phase (1960-1980)

High-yielding varieties of crops

Multiple croppingThe package approach

Modern farm practices

Spread of irrigation facilities


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Third Phase (1980-1991)

The next phase in Indian agriculture began in early

1980s. This period started witnessing process of

diversification which resulted into fast growth in non- food

grains output like milk, fishery, poultry, vegetables, fruits

etc which accelerated growth in agricultural GDP during

the 1980s.


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Fourth Phase (1991 onwards)

The fourth phase of agricultural policy started

after initiation of economic reform process in

1991. Economic reforms process involved

deregulation, reduced government participation in

economic activities, and liberalization.


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The Green Revolution is referred to the periodbetween 1967 to 1978.The population was growingfaster than the rate of food grain production atthat period. The government realized the need fordramatic improvement in food grain production.

This resulted in the Green Revolution.


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Continuous Increase Of Farming Areas.

Double Cropping Existing Farmland.

Using genetically modified seeds Provision Irrigation facilities

Use of insecticides and pesticides

Agricultural credit system

Opening of Agricultural Universities and ResearchCenters

Rural electrification


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The agriculture sector has been playing a key in the

composition of Indian exports. The share of agriculturalexports, which constituted more than 30 percent of the

total exports from the country during 1970-71 and

1980-81.The list of major destinations to which Indian

agricultural products are exported includes

Netherlands. Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, UAE,

Pakistan,Uk etc.


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In 1990-91 agricultural exports constituted about 18percent of the total exports which in 2000-01 went downto 14 percent. In 2003-04 agricultural exports constitutedonly 12.4 percent of all exports.

Not only the share of agricultural exports in the totalmerchandise exports has come down steadily over the

years but the share of agricultural exports in agricultural

GDP has also declined from 7.6 percent in 1995-96 to 6.3percent in 2001-02 and recovered to 6.9 percent in 2003-04 .


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The StatisticsExports (in 2010) $465 billion

Exported goods Rice

Pulses

Fruits

Milk and ProductsEdible Oils

Sugar

Cereals etc.

Main Export Partners:

(in 2010)

Netherlands

Bangladesh

Malaysia

Sri Lanka

UAE

Pakistan,

Uk etc.


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IMPORT


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Indias agricultural imports have displayed extremefluctuations, with sudden surge in imports during the mid 90s.

The percentage share of agricultural imports in total importsalso has shown very high volatility, having moved in therange of 28 per cent to less than 2 per cent during the sameperiod.

In recent years agricultural imports have grown at a relatively

high rate of about 23, 22 and 27 per cent in 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 respectively.

In recent years, imports of only two items, namely, pulsesand edible oils have recorded consistently high volumes.There has also been a sharp increase in imports of cotton,raw wool and rubber.


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The Statistics

Imports (in 2010) $286 billion

Imported goods TeaCoffee

Fruits and NutsEdible Oils

Sugar

Roots and Tuber etc.

Main Import Partners:(in 2010)

NepalBangladeshSri LankaUSAPakistan,China etc.


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The contributions of agriculture sector in the Indian GDP

are as follows:-

1990-91 32%

2007 20%

2008 19.5%


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More emphasize of government policies on industrial

growth.

The service sector is blooming and contributing almost

50% to the GDP. Because of the growth of Indian IT and

Banking services.

Agricultural land is decreasing.

Lack of agro-biotechnology in India.


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Fragmentation of land

Low Technology Inputs

Unsustainable Water Management

Poor Infrastructure

Low value addition

Inappropriate Research

Expensive Credit.


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Provide incentives.

Support the private sectors.

Implement the food law.

Targeted Foreign buyers.

PublicPrivate partnerships.


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Agriculture occupies a prominent position in Indian

policy-making not only because of its contribution toGDP but also because of the large proportion of the

population that is dependent on the sector for its

livelihood.


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Documents

Indian Agriculture After Independence